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1、1 第七章定语从句相关概念主句、从句、关系词例句： This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句 ：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，This is the boy.是主句。 ) 定语从句： 相当于形容词， 修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。 ） (例句中， who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是定语从句， 修饰 the boy。) 先
2、行词： 先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中， the boy是先行词。 ) 关系词： 关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中， who 是关系代词。 ) 关系词的三个作用作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中， who 作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）关系代词指人时可以用who, 也可用 that。Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? T
3、he man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom suncle. 指物时可以用which, 也可用 that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away. How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday. whose 可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time. The tree whose leaves
4、are red was planted last year. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where 指地点， why 指原因， how 不能作关系词。 如：We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be
5、better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词 ) 基础过关1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。The man_ /_ was here yesterday is a painter. The man _ /_ /_ /_ I saw is called Smith. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. I d
6、like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _ /_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _ / _ /_ I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy_ /_ /_ /_ you are looking for. Do you know the reason_ he was late for the meeting？This is the school _ I used to stud
7、y. I still remember the day_ we met for the first time. 2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句： _ 定语从句 :（）先行词：先行词关系词：例： This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about ？I still remember the day which we spent
8、 together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister.There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends.They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.
9、 The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born? 关系词的选择选用哪个关系词， 关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词， 要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He workedin the factory where his father had wor
10、ked. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies. 在句 1 和句 2 中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which 也有用 where 的；在句 3 和句 4 中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用 which 也有用 where 的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句 1 和句 3 中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句 2 和句 4 中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词w
11、here。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。选用关系词的方法：一“ 找” 二“ 还” 三“ 替换 ”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1 讲）还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原(答疑 qq 329950885)为完整的一句话。 （可以添词）替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分， 作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“ 对画线部分提问” 相似，该用what 的时候用 which/that 即可）例如：This is the school _ I
12、once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. 找： （略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：I once studied at the school . The school is the most famous in the city. My father teaches English at the school . 粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后
13、的部分。替换：根据“ 对画线部分提问” 的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用 what, 在定语从句中该用what 的要换为 which/that 。因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which ；3. where 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009 江西】 The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析： A 没有关系词， 不能连接两句话；C 介词后不能用that；D 关系
14、词一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选 B。利用一 “ 找” 二“ 还” 三 “ 替换 ” 的方法选择关系词Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why The reason _ he didn t come wa
15、s _ he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what He lives in a village _ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose He lives in the village _ he was born. A. which B. where C. what D. whose In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancesto
16、rs days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed. 3 A. where B. when C. which D. what The place _ interested me most was the Children s Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which The place _ he had a good time last Sunday was the
17、Children s Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in where I ll never forget the days _ we studied together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B I ll never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm
18、to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced? A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced? A. which B. the one where C. that D. in which This is the factory _ produces color TV sets. A. where B.
19、 the one where C. that D. in which 【 2010 天津】 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barber s _ I go. It s only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that 【 2011 陕西】 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. wh
20、ere C. who D. that 【 2011 福建】 She has a gift for creating an atmos- phere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【2012 江西】 By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 【 2
21、013 山东】 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 只能用 that 不能用 which的情况先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时关系代词一般只用that，不用 which。I.He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that
22、II. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs III. 【 2010 全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone else s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 先行词是all, much，little, none 或先行词被all, much, little, no, any 修饰时关系词只能用that, 不能用 which
23、。All the people that are present burst into tears. IV. These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is left to them is utter poverty. A. all that B. all what C. all which D. that all V. There is not much _ can be done. A. that B. which C. what D. how VI. 【2010 浙江】_ that s important is that you are
24、doing your best and moving in the right direction. A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything VII.There is no difficulty _ can t be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what VIII.All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what IX. You can take any seat
25、_ is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 先行词被最高级、序数词以及the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时被这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which。X. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that XI. My watch is n
26、ot the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who XII.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that XIII.This is the very film _ I ve long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom XIV.I like the second football match
27、_ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / XV.This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what XVI.It s the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you ve arrivedD. when you ve arrived先行词有两个， 一个指人， 一个指物， 关系代词用that XV
28、II.We re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that XVIII.Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. A. which B. who C. they D. that XIX.All the passengers and suitcases _ were still waitin
29、g on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus. A. they B. who C. which D. that XX.He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响只是 (答疑qq 329950885)在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：XXI.【2010 福建】 Stephen Hawkin
30、g believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose XXII.This is the same house _ her grandfather was born. A. that B. where C. which D. whose其他有关关系词选择的规则关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用 which，不用that；要用 whom，不用 who 第1章【 2011湖南】Julie was good
31、 at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that第2章【 2008 湖南】 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 第3章This is the museum _ we saw an e
32、xhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 第4章【 2009 全国I】She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 第5章【 2010 浙江】 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the ci
33、ty. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 第6章【 2012 上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用 which, who, whom, 不用 that，也不能省略第7章【 2008 浙江】 Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. whom B. where C. that D.
34、which 第8章【2010 全国 1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 第9章【2012全国 】 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 当先行词前面有which，who 等疑问代词时， 为避免重复，用关系代词that
35、同理，当先行词是that, those 时，常用关系代词which 或 who。如：5 What s that which is under the desk ？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 第10章Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 第11章Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B
36、. who C. whom D. that 第12章Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 关系代词在从句中作表语或there be 结构中的实意主语时 , that 可指人或物，且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于be 后。此条仅作了解) He still talks like the man （ that）he was ten years ago. 他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。The train is the fa
37、stest train （that） there has ever been. 这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。My typewriter is not the machine (that) it was. 我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。第13章She was no longer the woman _ she was. A. that B. which C. what D. who 第14章She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be. A. what B. who C. when D. that 当先行词为one, ones, anyone
38、, everyone, none, all(指人 )时，关系代词常用whoAnyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。All who heard the story were amazed. 所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。whose可指人也可指物whose 作关系代词可以指人也可指物，用作定语。若指物， 它还可以同of which 互换 ; 若指人， 则不可与 of whom 互换He lives in a house. Its window faces south. He lives in a house whose wind
39、ow faces south. He lives in a house. The window of it faces south. He lives in a house, the window of which faces south. He lives in a house, of which the window faces south. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University. 由于 (答疑 qq 329950885) 我们一般说his son，不说the son of him; 说 my book, 不
40、说 the book of me, 因此我们只能说: He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University. 而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University. 名词前有冠词the 时用 of which, 名词前没有冠词时用 whose I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with disease. A. where B. of which C. in which D. whose 【
41、2010 陕西】 The old temple, _ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 【2011 全国I】 The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 【2008 陕西】 The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A. t
42、he hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 【2009 安徽】 Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities ， are taken good care of in the village. A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom 【2012 天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would neve
43、r have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【 2013福 建 】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which as, but, than用作关系代词as引导限制性定语从句例题： I had never heard such an interesting story _ you told me yesterday. A. that
44、B. which C. as D. that/which 有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住：如果先行词被such, the same, so+形容词 +a/an，as+形容词 +a/an 修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。此时， as同 that, who, which, whom 一样，是关系代词，代指the same, so, such和 as 引导的短语，常译作 “正如， 像” ，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。在限制性定语从句中要用关系代词as的，常见的有以下四种情况：先行词被such 修饰时，构成“suchas” 。It s suc
45、h a heavy stone as nobody can move. （ as作宾语）那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。Don t trust such men as praise you to your face. (as 作主语 ) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。先行词被the same修饰时，构成 “the sameas” 。We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have. (as 作宾语 ) 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。This is the same watch as I lost. (as 作宾语 ) 这与我丢的那块表一样。在
46、“ asas”句型中， 第一个 as后面跟名词时。它可以看作是“ as+形容词 +as”的一种变化形式。He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一样好。这句话还可以表达为：He is asgood a boyas his brother. It s aspleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as作宾语 ) 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。（参看 P 错误！未定义书签。 错误！未找到引用源。 ）在 “so+ 形+冠 +n. + as” 句型中(He is so good a student as every teacher l
47、ikes.) 它可以看作是先行词被such 修饰时关系代词用as（第一种情况）的一种变化形式。He is such a good student as every teacher likes. 他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。用 so 可以表达为：He is so good a student as every teacher likes. （参看 P.错误！未定义书签。 错误！未找到引用源。 ）the sameas与 the samethatthe same as 指同一类， the same that 指同一个。I bought the same car as yours. 我买的
48、那辆汽车和你的一模一样。This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。That is the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. 那就是前天来求助的同一个人。suchas 和 such.that 的区别 （该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）such as “像样的” ，as 引导的是定语从句, as作句子成分；such that “如此以至于” ，that 引导的是结果状语从句 , that 不作句子成分。判断办法：如果后面成
49、分完整，用that 来引导结果状语从句；如果后面句子成分不完整，则用 as来引导定语从句。It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked it out. （成分完整，结果状语从句, 填 that）译为：这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked out. （成分不完整，定语从句, 填 as）译为：这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。练习He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with _. A. as; him B. that
50、; / C. as; / D. whom; him It wasnt such a good present _ he had promised me. A. that B. as C. which D. what These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which He isn t such a man _ he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as He is not such a man _ would leave