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1、 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 Lecture 2 第二讲 4 招巧解短文理解 短文理解所含的信息量相对较大，不仅要求考生在听的过程中捕捉到具体的语言细节，还要求考生从语篇上对短文有整体性的把握和理解。因此，考生必须掌握一些有针对性的解题步骤和解题技巧，这样才能在考试时做到游刃有余。第一招：听音前预测内容和问题听音前快速浏览选项可以大致推测出文章的主要内容，通过纵向、横向比较各题选项能够发现一些重要的提示信息，如短文可能涉及的内容、问题可能考查的内容等。另外，通过提炼选项要点，还可以确定听音时应重点关注的细节信息，有针对性地记笔记。听前预测的成败主要取决于考生对短文理解设题特点的熟悉程度、
2、对选项要点的提炼和分析能力、以及对短文涉及内容的背景知识的熟悉程度。【例 1】（0712 Passage One）【预览选项】26.A They care a lot about children.B They need looking after in their old age.C They want to enrich their life experience.D They want children to keep them company.27.A They are usually adopted from distant places.B Their birth informat
3、ion is usually kept secret.C Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.D Their adoptive parents dont want them to know their birth parents.【预测信息】预览四道题各选项，由选项中多次出现的 children，adopted，birth parents，natural parents，adoptive parents 等可推知，本文与收养孩子有关。26.选项都是与“they”的需求有关，根据选项A和D中的宾语 ch
4、ildren 以及之前对主题的预测可知，本题很可能是问收养孩子的原因。27.根据各选项内容可知，they，their 在此处都是指“被收养的孩子”。由B、C选项 28.A They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.B They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.C They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.D They are fully aware o
5、f the expenses involved in the search.29.A Early adoption makes for closer parentchild relationship.B Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas.C Understanding is the key to successful adoption.D Adoption has much to do with love.中出现的 birth information 可知，本题很可能是问被收养的孩子不知道他们的出生信息的原因。28.根据各选项
6、内容可知，they 在此处指“被收养的孩子”。由各选项中的 bad feelings，hurt the feelings，mixed feelings可知，本题应该是关于“被收养的孩子对他们的亲生父母与养父母的感情”。A、B、C三个选项都与此有关，只有D是关于费用的，故其为答案的可能性较小。29.四个选项主题各异，由此可知本题很可能是对文中某点进行提问。在听音时应重点关注与选项相关的信息。【听音验证】When couples get married,they usually plan to have children.Sometimes,however,a couple can not hav
7、e a child of their own.In this case,they may decide to adopt a child.In fact,adoption is 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 very common today.There are about 60 thousand adoptions each year in the US alone.Some people prefer to adopt infants,others adopt older children.Some couples adopt children from their own count
8、ries;others adopt children from foreign countries.26 29 In any case,they all adopt children for the same reason they care about children and want to give their adopted child a happy life.Most adopted children know that they are adopted.Psychologists and childcare experts generally think this is a go
9、od idea.However,many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents.27As a matter of fact,it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed.The information is secret so
10、 no one can see it.Naturally,adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents.Many adoptees want to search for them,but others do not.28 The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make.Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents.Even
11、 though adoptees do not know about their natural parents,29 they do know that their adopted parents want them,love them and will care for them.【答案解析】26.According to the speaker,why do some couples adopt children?【解析】选A。细节题。文中提到，不论是收养婴儿还是收养年龄较大的孩子，不论是收养自己国家的孩子还是收养别国的孩子，收养这一行为的产生有一个共同的原因，即收养人 care abo
12、ut children（喜欢孩子），并且希望给被收养的孩子一个快乐的生活，故答案为 A。27.Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents?【解析】选B。细节题。文中明确提到，被收养人之所以很难找到他们的亲生父母在于他们的 birth records（出生记录）都是被 sealed（密封）了的，即他们的出生记录都是保密的，故答案为B。28.Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth
13、parents?【解析】选C。细节题。文中提到对大多数被收养的孩子来说，要做出寻找亲生父母的决定是很难的，因为他们对寻找 biological parents 有 mixed feelings（复杂的情感）。C中的 natural parents biological parents，故为答案。29.What can we infer from the passage?【解析】选D。推断题。文章开头处提到，一些人收养孩子是因为他们 care about children（喜欢孩子）；短文结尾处也提到，被收养的孩子知道他们的养父母 want them（需要他们），love them（爱他们）并且
14、将会 care for them（照顾他们）。由这两处可推断，收养这一行为的产生很大程度上与 love 有关，故答案为D。第二招：抓住短文的首尾句主题句一般位于短文的开头或结尾，它们对整篇短文的内容起到概括、提示或总结的作用，往往是文章的中心论点或者能够体现说话人对所谈内容的总体观点或态度。听音时应重点抓住短文的开头或结尾，这样就能比较容易听懂短文的主要内容，更有助于了解短文主旨和抓住重点细节。【例 2】（091226）A There were no planets without moons.B There was no air or water on Jupiter.C Life was
15、not possible in outer space.D The mystery of life could not be resolved.Since early times,people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.Until recently,scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream.But now they are beginning to locate
16、 places where life could form.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 26.What did scientists once believe according to the passage?【解析】细节题。本题的设题处在短文的开头。短文开头处提到，以前，科学家们认为其他星球上有生命只不过是一个幻想，也就是说他们认为在其他星球上不可能存在生命，故答案为C。【例 3】（07-12-32）A People came to see the role of women in the business world.B Katharine played a major part i
17、n reshaping Americans mind.C American media would be quite different without Katharine.D Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.After her death,the employees of The Washington Post wrote:“The world without Katharine will not be the same at all.”32.What does the comment by employee
18、s of The Washington Post suggest?【解析】推断题。本题的答案出自短文的结尾。短文末句提到，the employees of The Washington Post 曾经写到“没有 Katharine 的世界将会与现在完全不同”，由此可推知，Katharine 对世界 exerted an important influence（产生了重要的影响），故答案为D。第三招：注意与主题相关的细节前面提到，听音前往往可以大致预测出短文的主题，而短文理解所考查的细节一般都与主题密切相关，故明显能够体现主题的选项应重点考虑，而对于明显与主题无关的选项则可暂时排除。听音时要注意
19、结合选项的要点内容，重点留意那些与主题密切相关的信息。【例 4】(新 066 Passage One)【预览选项】26.A Rent a grave.B Burn the body.C Bury the dead near a church.D Buy a piece of land for a grave.27.A To solve the problem of lack of land.B To see whether they have decayed.C To follow the Greek religious practice.D To move them to a multist
20、orey graveyard.28.A They should be buried lying down.B They should be buried standing up.C They should be buried after being washed.D They should be buried when partially decayed.29.A Burning dead bodies to ashes.B Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C Placing dead bodies in a bone room.D Digging
21、up dead bodies after three years.【预测信息】预览四道题各选项，由反复出现的 bury,body,grave 等词可推测本文与在墓地埋葬尸体有关，另外，选项中出现的 burn 提示，文中可能还涉及到火化尸体。26 四个选项均与处理尸体的方式有关，故问题很可能是考查某一地区的人们或某一类人处理尸体的方式。结合前面对主题的分析以及其他各题选项中多次出现的 bury,grave 可推测，A、D为答案的可能性较大。27选项均为不定式短语表明，本题很可能是考查做某事的目的或原因。由选项中 decayed,学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 move 等词和其他选项的内容可推
22、测，B中的 they 和 D中 them 应该是代指“bodies”。根据B、D选项内容可推测，本题很可能是与移动尸体的目的或原因有关。28选项表明本题很可能是关于埋葬尸体的方式。由选项中的 should 可推测,本题很可能与建议或意见有关。故听音时应重点留意表达建议或意见的词句。29 四个选项均表示处理尸体的方式，故本题很可能是关于除埋葬以外的其他处理尸体的方式。【听音验证】In Greece,26 only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die.Most of the population,however,will be
23、 undisturbed for only three years,then they will be dug up,washed,compressed into a small tin box,and placed in a bone room.If the body has only partially decayed,it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave,but not for long,the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed.26 Buy
24、ing a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process.The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent a grave for three years and even after being dug up,lasting peace is still not guaranteed.If no one pays for renting space in the bone room,the skeleton is removed
25、and stored in a building in a poor part of the town.27 Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years.The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in hospitals for over a week until a grave is found.Athens city council wants to introduce 29 cre
26、mation,that is burning dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problem.29 But the Greek Church resists this practice,they believe the only place where people burn is hell,29 so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death.To save space,28 the church suggested burying the b
27、odies standing up instead of lying down.Some people proposed building multistorey underground grave yards.【答案解析】26.What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in everlasting peace?【解析】选D。推断题。根据首句中 only rich people(只有富人才能安静地长眠于地下）可推知，如果没有钱买墓地，就不能 keep the dead resting in everlasting peace，由此可推知答案为 D
28、。另外文章后面也明确提到了 buying a piece of land for a grave 是避免尸体被挖出来的唯一方式。27.Why are most dead bodies in Athens dug up after three years?【解析】选A。细节题。由文中的 Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why一句可知，许多 dead bodies（尸体）在三年后必须被挖出来是因为当地的墓地空间有限（lack of land lack of space），故答案为A。28.What suggestions does the ch
29、urch give about the burying of dead bodies?【解析】选B。细节题。由短文结尾处 the church suggested一句可知，教堂建议埋葬尸体时应该将其 standing up（竖起来），而不是 lying down（放倒），故答案为B。29.What practice does the Greek church object to?【解析】选A。细节题。文中说 Athens 市政府想要用 cremation,that is burning dead bodies（火化尸体的方法）来处理墓地空间紧张的问题，但 this practice（这一做法）
30、与希腊人对于死亡的概念相冲突，因此遭到了教堂的反对。本题只要抓住 burn 一词便不难选出答案。object to 对应 resist，均意为“反对”。第四招：注意关联词，把握短文发展的脉络短文中常使用一些连接手段使文章成为一个有机的整体，这些连接手段经常是一些表示并列、转折或因果等关系的连词或副词，它们把短文串在一起，并体现出上、下文的逻辑关系。熟悉这些关联词，就能有效地顺着短文的思路，比较完整地理解短文的内容。而且，这些关联词出现的地方往往是短文理解设题的重点。学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 常见的关联词语有：表并列 and,also,besides,furthermore,in add
31、ition,whats more,as well as,along with 表因果because,since,as,in that,because of,as a result,due to,therefore,so，lead to,result in 表顺序first,last,before,after,next,then,later,the former,the latter,follow(ing),originally 表解释namely,that is(to say)/i.e.,mean(ing)表举例或列举 for example,for instance,such as,take
32、as an example,lets look at/take a look at,first/firstly(second/secondly,),some(others)表转折或让步 although,though,as,but,however,yet,in spite of,despite,otherwise,on the other hand 表对比与比较 asas,in contrast,compared with,while,whereas 即讲即练 Exercise 1 Passage One 1.A By sending short messages.B By murmuring
33、 to each other.C By talking loudly.D By passing notes.2.A Express their private feelings on blogs.B Read a blog of someone they dont know.C Browse or download unhealthy information.D Post private information about others and themselves.3.A They are quite fashionable.B They are quite private.C They h
34、elp to express unspoken feelings.D They help to keep in touch with parents.Passage Two 4.A Underwater earthquakes.B The breaking of ice fields.C Industrial underwater explosions.D Ocean drilling and fishing.5.A Setting a noise limit of 120 db.B Setting a noise limit of 125 db.C Setting a noise limit
35、 of 195 db.D Canceling the noise limit set before.6.A It may be not as effective as expected.B It will frighten and confuse whales.C It will do great harm to ocean animals.D It may prohibit them from doing some research.Passage Three 7.A The explosions of underwater mountains.B The violence of the E
36、arths surface.C The misuse of modern instruments.D The movement of tectonic plates.8.A There are many industrial explosions along the edges.B The Earths surface splits as two plates move against each other.C There are many volcanic irruptions along the edges.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 D The surface of the Pac
37、ific plate is not stable.9.A Northeast.B Southwest.C Northwest.D Southeast.10.A Along the San Andreas Fault.B In the city of Los Angeles.C On the edge of the Pacific plate.D In the northwest part of the state.Exercise 2 Passage One 1.A He is the new speaker of House of Representatives.B He was once
38、the speaker of House of representatives.C He is giving speeches to gain the seat of House speaker.D He is preparing for his first speech as House speaker.2.A How to earn as much money as possible.B How to get through the hardships.C How to deal with all kinds of people.D How to be a good cleaning ma
39、n.3.A The ownership of the bar.B The right to make a law.C The first in line to presidency.D The second in line to presidency.Passage Two 4.A Celebrating the big harvest in autumn.B Celebrating the coming long vacation.C Celebrating the change from winter to spring.D Celebrating the change from autu
40、mn to winter.5.A To keep them from playing tricks.B To wish them a happy holiday.C To find friendship with them.D To ask them to a scary movie.6.A It is a Swedish vampire movie.B It was released a week ago.C Aliens would be in charge of the future world in it.D All Americans have to escape from the
41、U.S.to Mexico.Passage Three 7.A It served people from seven states as well as the people in Mexico.B It caused a great number of floods driving people out of home.C It served people in that area with the water necessary for farming.D It made it possible to build a reservoir for fishfarming.8.A It te
42、lls how the seven states would share the water of the Colorado River.B It is to supply Mexico with the water from the Colorado River.C It prevents people in the area from using the water from the Colorado River.D It forbids people in Mexico from using the water from the Colorado River.学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文
43、网校 9.A It slowed the work.B It stopped the work.C It killed many workers.D It made many workers faint.10.A On November 24th,1918.B On November 24th,1933.C On June 6th,1935.D On May 29th,1935.【答案与解析】Exercise 1 Passage One【预览选项】1.A By sending short messages.B By murmuring to each other.C By talking lo
44、udly.D By passing notes.2.A Express their private feelings on blogs.B Read a blog of someone they dont know.C Browse or download unhealthy information.D Post private information about others and themselves.3.A They are quite fashionable.B They are quite private.C They help to express unspoken feelin
45、gs.D They help to keep in touch with parents.【预测信息】预览三道题各选项，由 sendingmessages,talking,passing notes,express feelings 等词语提示，短文可能与某种交流信息的方式有关，再根据第 2 题中重复出现的 blog 可知，短文很可能是关于 blog 的。1.各选项均是 by 短语，故问题很可能是问做某事的方式。其中A、B、D都是比较低调的交流方式，而C则是比较高调的方式，故C为答案的可能性较小。2.选项均以动词短语开头，问题很可能考查的是“行为动作”。3.根据对主题的推测，they 可能指代
46、的是 blogs，选项内容都是关于其优点的，故问题可能是问某些人为什么使用 blog。【听音验证】1 Instead of passing notes in class,teens are now sharing information on their Web logs,or blogs.A study showed that one in five teens in America has a blog,and about twice as many read them.But some schools have tried to prohibit teens from keeping o
47、nline journals.Many teens say the journals are a great way to express their creativity and the ban on blogging violates their right to free speech.Blog critics say that kids dont know about online safety and that its imperative to place limitations on students.2 They shouldnt post private informatio
48、n about themselves,and they dont have the right to post someone elses secrets.Millions of people are online at any given time,and predators are plentiful,says Willard.Many students think only their friends read their blogs,but theyre wrong,she points out.“Kids are going to argue that these blogs are
49、 part of their private lives.And thats the point:They arent 学英语 找长喜 长喜英语北文网校 private at all.”Online bullying of fellow students and threats made to teachers are also serious concerns.“Bullying on the Internet contributes to emotional distress for kids.It can be extremely harmful,”says Willard.3 Some
50、 students say they use blogs to help express unspoken feelings.Others see blogs as places to keep in touch with friends.“I can talk to people I dont see as often,because everyone is so busy,”Apollo High School senior Ashley Boswell says.Bloggers say that their private writing is an expression of fre