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1、1.:2.:3.:()4.:5.:6.:1.()2.()3.()4.()5.()()6.()7.()8.()1.(V)2.(V)3.(V)4.(X)5.(X)6.(X)1.?2.TT3.4.?CO1.:2.:3.:4.:1.()()2.()3.()4.()5.()()()6.(Na)()7.()()8.()()9.02CQ()()10.()Na()11.()()()12.()13.(“)(“)14.()()15.()16.()()()17.()18.()()()H()19.()20.()()()21.()1.NaK(V)2.-ATP(X)3.(X)4.5.(X)6.(X)12.CaM(X)13
2、.(V)14.(V)()1.:2.:3.:4.:5.:16.:7.:8.:9.:10.:11.:12.:1.()()()2.()3.(4050)(3748)()()4.(78)5.()()6.()()7.(X)8.(X)9.(V)10.(X)11.ATP,ATP(X)(7.()(NaCI)8.313 mOsm/L0.9 NaCl()()9.pH(7.357.45)pH(NaHCO3/H2CC)3o10.(5.0 X 10e12/L)(4.5 X 10e12/L)()40)11.Hb(120160 g/L)Hb(110150 g/L)。12.()()13.(015 mm/1 h)(020 mm/
3、1 h)14.()()15.()()16.()()17.(B12)()18.()19.(410)X 10e9/L)(5070)(2020.()()21.()()22.(100300)X 10e9/L)()23.()()24.()()25.()()(I)26.()()27.()()28.()()29.()()30.()()31.(AB)(B)A32.A(AADB(BA01.5(V)2.(V)3.(V)4.()5.()6.OCQ()7.(V)8.()9.()10.()11.()12.(V)13.()14.()15.(V)16.5-(V)17.(V)18.Ca2(V)19.(V)20.(V)21.2
4、00mlAA()22.RhRh()23.(V)24.X()25.BA()26.RhRh(V)1.?2.?3.?40),,,,,8.?.4.-5.?6.7.12.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.1.1(“)2.(Na)3.()()()()4.()(4)()()5.(0)6.()7.()()8.0(Na)2(CsT)(Q)9.0(Cf)3(Q)10.(4)11.(0)12.()()()213.()()(Na(Ca)14.()15.(60)(100)/min 16.()()17.()()()()18.(4.56 L)19.(6080 ml
5、)(3.2 L/(min m2)20.()21.()22.()()23.140 ml160 ml()24.(P Q R S T)25.QRS()T()26.(P-R)27.()()28.()29.()()()30.()()V 31.()(),()432.()()()()33.(1/3)34.(1218.6 kPa(90140mmHg(812 kPa(6090mmHg(45.3 kPa(3040mmHg 35.()()()()36.()()37.()38.()()39.(0.391.18 kPa(412 cmHO)()()40.()()()()41.(.)42.()()43.()()()44.(
6、)()45.()()46.()47.()()48.()(IX)(X)49.()()50.CO2()()51.()()()52.()53.()()54.()()()55.()3 1()()()56.()M()()()57.()(a)(3 2)()58.()()59.()()60.1.4()2.3K()V3.4Ca2()V4.()5.ca()V6.()7.()8.()9.()10.()11.()V12.()13.()14.()V15.()16.()V17.()18.()V19.()20.()21.a()22.()23.()V()V 24.()V25.()26.()V27.()V28.()V29.H
7、()30.()V31.32.()V33.824 kPa(60180 mmHg),()V34.()35.()1.:02CO22.:3.:(VA)(Q)0.844.:3500 ml2500 ml5.:12312383966.:7.:8.:9.:10.:1.()()2.()()3.()()(M)4.()()(3 2)5.(H)(DPPC)()6.()()()7.M()()8.()()()9.CO2()()()10.()11.(S)HbO(PO)12.O2()()13.()()14.()15.()()16.()(H+)17.()1.()2.()V3.()V4.()V5.CO6.7.8.()9.()V1
8、0.()11./()12.()13.)14.CO2()V99O()15.COQCQ()16.()1.:2.:3.:4.:5.:6.:7.:8.:9.:10.-:HC01.()()2.()()。3.()()4.()()()()5.()()6.()7.()()()8.()()9.()()HCO10.()11.()()12.()13.()()(B12)14.(HCI)()15.()()()16.()(HCO)()17.()(HCO)()18.()()()19.()()()20.()()()1.()2.()3.(V)4.()5.()6.(V)7.()8.(V)9.()10.()11.()12.()13
9、.(V)14.()15.B()16.(V)1.:2.:2025C,3.:4.:5.:/(PO/AH)6.:7.:8.:1g17.5 kJ 39.75 kJ 17.99 kJ23.43 kJ9.:1L20.92 kJ 19.66 kJ 18.83 kJ10.:CQQ(CQ/02)10.71 0.8。11.:CO0212.:()。1.()2.()()3.()()4.()()5.()()。6.()。7.()()8.()()9.()()10.()()11.()12.()13.()NaCI14.()()15.()16.()17.()()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.(V)6.20C(V)7.(V)
10、8.(V)9.()10.()1.:125 ml/min2.:193.:()4.:()5.:()6.:910 mmol/L(160180 mg)7.:65708.:1.()()()2.()()3.()()4.()5.()()6.CI-()7.()8.(M)(K)(NH)9.H()H+Na+()K+Na+()K+()10.()()()11.()()12.()(Na+)(K+)13.(-)()14H+()15.()()()16.()()()()。17()()()18.()()()19.(+)。20.()21()()22(NaCI)()NaCl23.()24.(10.724.0 kPa(80180 m
11、mHg)25.()()26.()27.28.()()1.2.3.K()4.HCO3-H+CO2(V)5.6.7.Na(V)8.H0(V)9.(+)(V)10.CI-(V)11.()12.()13.()14.NH3H+(V)15.H+Na+NaK(V)16.()17.(V)18.NaK()1.2.-3.4.5.6.7.8.cAMP cAMP()()()()(v)9.-1.()()()()2.()()()()3.()()()4.()()5.()()6.(T4)(T3)7.()()8.(B)()()()9.()()10.(FSH(LH)(ACTH(TSH11.()()()()12.(ACTH()13
12、.()()()14.()()()15.()()16.()ACTH()17.()()()()18.()()19.()()20.()()21.()()()()22.(CAMP(cGMp23.()()24.LH()()25.()()26.()27.()28.()()29.(ACTH()30.()1.(V)2.()3.(V)4.ACTH(V)5.()6.()7.()8.(V)9.(V)10.()11.()12.-)13.()14.()15.()1.:2.:3.:4.:5.:6.:7.:8.:9.:a10.:11.:12.Y-:aT T13.:14.:15.-:16.:17.:18.:19.:20.:2
13、1.:22.:()23.:24.:25.:26.:27.:1.()()2.()()3.()()4.()()5.()()6.()()()7.EPSP()()IPSP()()8.()()()9.()()10.M()11.(a)(3)12.()()()()13.()()()()14.()()()15.-()(N2)16.()()17.()()18.()()19.()()()20.()()()21.()()()()22.()()23.()()24.()()25.()()26.()()27.(a)()()()28.()()()29.()()30.()()31.(a)(3)(3)(B)32.()a()33.()()34.()()()()35.()36.()()37.()38.()()39.()()40.(I a)41.()42.()()43.()(-)44.(3)(S)45.()()1.()2.Na+K+Ca2+K()3.(V)4.(V)5.()6.(V)7.(V)8.()9.(V)10.-1T(V)11.(V)12.(V)13.()14.(V)15.(V)16.()17.(V)18.()a()19.(V)20.()21.?()22.23.()24.(V)25.(V)26.-()27.(V)28.()29.()30.3(V)31.IPSP()32.(V)33.(V)34.a(V)