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1、初中定语从句讲解 先行词：定语从句前的名词或代词 关系代词：which,that,who,whom,关系副词：when,where,whyMatch the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book tha
2、t/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)关系代词：关系代词：指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who(主主/宾格宾格
3、)that whom（宾格）（宾格）This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.which/that 作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）（作主语）（作主语）Practise:1.This is the house.The house is for sale.This is the
4、house which is for sale.2.The book is mine.It is lying on the floor The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which/that 作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card which/that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake.I always make the mistake.This is the m
5、istake which/that I always make.2.The pen is lost.My father bought it for me last week.The pen that/which my father bought for me last week is lost.（）（作宾语）（作宾语）（）（）关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/that 作主语作主语.(不能省不
6、能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China.1.The boy is called Roy.He broke the window The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2.Do you know the girl？The girl spoke at the meeting yesterday.Do you know the girl who spoke at t
7、he meeting yesterday?/that(作主语作主语)who/whom/that 作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer.He described the man just now.The man(who/whom/that)he described just now is a famous writer.(作宾语）作宾语）1.The boy is my friend.I will visit him.The boy who(m)I will visit is my friend.2.The pen has been found.Sh
8、e lost it last night.The pen that she lost last night has been found.小结：小结：关系词关系词 先行词先行词 所作成分所作成分that 指人指人,指物，指物，主语主语(不能省不能省)；作宾语；作宾语(可省可省)which 指物，指物，主语（不能省）主语（不能省）;作宾语作宾语(可省可省)who 指人，指人，主语（不能省）主语（不能省）;作宾语作宾语(可省可省)（常用（常用whom）Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
9、2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that1.I still keep the letters.She wrote the letters to me.2.I lost the pen .My father bought me the pen.3.The gi
10、rl is my cousin.She is watering the flowers.4.Was the house big?He wanted to sell it.5.The car is new.We travelled in a car.6.I like the park.We played in the park last week.I lost the pen which my father bought me.I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.The girl who is watering the flowers i
11、s my cousin.Was the house that he wanted to sell big?The car that we travelled in is new.I like the park that we played in last week.只能用只能用 that,不用不用 which,常见的情况有五种：常见的情况有五种：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one等不定代词时或被等不定代词时或被它们修饰时。它们修饰时。T
12、hats all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review lessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有no,the very,the only,the same等
13、修饰时。等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4.当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that,而不用而不用 who或或which.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I a
14、lways meet are standing by the gate.用用which不用不用that的情况的情况1.介词提前时指人用介词提前时指人用whom，指物用，指物用which。The boy that/who(m)you are looking for is over there.The boy for whom you are looking is over there.The city that/which I live in is beautiful.The city in which I live is beautiful.2.在非限定性定语从句中。在非限定性定语从句中。Be
15、ijing that/which is the capital of China has a long history.Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a long history.(不用that)关系词关系词whose连接的定语从句连接的定语从句whose,既可修饰人，也可修饰物；用作定语既可修饰人，也可修饰物；用作定语,表示所属表示所属关系。关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my
16、classmate.The house is beautiful.Its wall is yellow.The house whose wall is yellow is beautiful.Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat4.This is the first play _
17、I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.thatthat8.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.9.Is there a student _ father is a business man?10.This is the house in _ we ha
18、ve lived for 10 years.11.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that关系副词：关系副词：关系词关系词 先行词先行词 所作成分所作成分when the time/day/year 时间状语时间状语where the place/park/city 地点状语地点状语why the reason 原因状语原因状语 when 作时间状语作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on
19、that day.She will never forget the day when she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when the World War I broke out.where 作地点状语作地点状语 I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where I was born.The table where she is sitting is a ne
20、w one.The table is a new one.She is sitting at the table.why 作原因状语作原因状语,其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why Im late.I know the reason why he said it.The factory _I visited last month was built two years ago.The factory _my father is working was built two years ago.I will remember the day
21、s _we spent together in Qingdao.I will remember the days _we stayed together in Qingdao.thatwherethatwhen 当时间先行词在定语从句中作宾语时当时间先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,用用that,which;做时间状语时用做时间状语时用when.当地点词在定语从句中做宾语时，用当地点词在定语从句中做宾语时，用that,which;做地点状语时用做地点状语时用where.看你的看你的挑战高难度！挑战高难度！1.Do you know the scientist _gave us a talk just
22、 now?A.who B.whom C.which D.whose 2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday.A.which B.what C.whose D.whom 3.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 4.This is the question _ we are talking about now.A.that B.who C.where D.whe
23、n 5.What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday.A.who B.which C.whose 6.Jack,there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you.A.who B.which C.whom 7.Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics.A.which B.who C.where D.whom 8.Even teachers cant under
24、stand some expressions _ their students use in daily life.A.whose B.who C.that D.whom 9.Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games.A.where B.that C.which D.what 1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A.which B.when C.that D.on that2.Is this the place _ you were born?A.which B.wher
25、e C.what D.that 3.Is this the place _ you were born?A.which B.where C.what D.that4.Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?A.which B.where C.what D.why5.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.A.which B.where C.what D.that6.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.A.that B.where C.what D.why定语从句 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏