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1、Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句。被定语修饰的词某一名词、代词或整个主句。被定语修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。词两种。who指人：在定语从句中作主语或
2、宾语。指人：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。whom指人：在定语从句中作宾语。指人：在定语从句中作宾语。whose可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。that 可指人或物可指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语.which指物指物,在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语.which引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句。句。as可指物可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语.也可也可引导非引导非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。修饰整个主句。关系代词关系代词:典型错误典型错误Thank you for
3、 the record that you gave it to me.()Thank you for the record that you gave me.()无论是关系代词还是关系副词，都在定语从句中无论是关系代词还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。出现。限制性定限制性定语语从句从句非限制性定非限制性定语语从句从句和先行和先行词词的的关系密切关系密切（删删去去后影响整个句子意后影响整个句子意义义的表达）的表达）和先行和先行词词关系不密切关系不密切（是一种（是一种补补充充说说明，明，删删掉后不影响整个意思掉后不
4、影响整个意思的表达。）的表达。）不用逗号不用逗号分开分开一般一般使用逗号使用逗号分开分开可用关系代可用关系代词词that引引导导不可以用不可以用关系代关系代词词that引引导导可以可以省略省略（that,who,which在从句中担当在从句中担当宾语时宾语时可以省可以省略）略）不不可以可以省略省略可以替代（可以替代（whom作作宾语时宾语时，可用可用who或或that替代）替代）不能替代不能替代只可以只可以修修饰饰先行先行词词，不可以，不可以修修饰饰主句或主句的一部分主句或主句的一部分修修饰饰整个文句或文句的一部分整个文句或文句的一部分，此此时时定定语语从句前有逗号分开，只从句前有逗号分开，只
5、能由能由which或或as引引导导两种定语从句在意义上的区别两种定语从句在意义上的区别In their classes there are 15 students who can In their classes there are 15 students who can speak English well.speak English well.In their classes there are 15 students,who can In their classes there are 15 students,who can speak English well.speak Englis
6、h well.She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.She has two sons,who are P.L.A.men.She has two sons,who are P.L.A.men.不止个学生不止个学生只有个学生只有个学生不止两个，其余的可能不当兵不止两个，其余的可能不当兵只有两个，都是解放军只有两个，都是解放军先行词是先行词是one,anyone,those,he时宜用时宜用who.Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished.Those
7、who are against the plan put up your hands please.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.（一）只用（一）只用whowho的情况的情况当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.在在there be开头的句子中开头的句子中There is an old ma
8、n who wants to see you.一句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句的一句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句的关系词是关系词是that，另一个只用另一个只用whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.（二）只用（二）只用thatthat的情况的情况当先行词当先行词是是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little，或当先行词被，或当先行词被every,any,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时等词修饰时I
9、s there any question thatthat troubles you much?当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级,the only,the very,the last等词修饰时等词修饰时Is this the first time thatthat you have come to our city?Li ming is the only one thatthat got full marks in our class.当先行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时当先行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时Do you know the things and perso
10、ns thatthat they are talking about?主句是以主句是以who,which开头的疑问句或先行词是疑开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词问代词who时时:Which is the dictionary thatthat he used yesterday?5.当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時表语時Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.6注意：注意：thatthat只能用在限制性定语从句中，非限制性只能用在限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中永远不用定语从句中永远不用thatthat，介词后
11、也不能跟介词后也不能跟thatthat（三（三）whosewhose的使用的使用whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，中作定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词后面要紧跟被修饰的名词There are some people whose faceswhose faces you can never forget.I saw some trees whose leaveswhose leaves were black because of the polluted air.the faces of whomthe leaves of which（四）只用（四）只用
12、whichwhich的情况的情况非限制性定语从句中只用非限制性定语从句中只用which，不用不用thatBeijing,whichwhich is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.关系代词紧跟在介词或介词短语之后，只关系代词紧跟在介词或介词短语之后，只能用能用which或或 whom，不能用不能用thatThis is the hotel in whichwhich you will stay.This is the hotel which/thatwhich/that you will stay in.TipsTips1.关系代词在
13、从句中作宾语时关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略关系代词可省略.eg.This is the house _ I visited.2.what不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句;且且what=all thatI will do all that I can to help you.=I will do what I can to help you.which/that/不用不用3.one of+pl.n.+关系代词关系代词+动词复数动词复数 the(only)one of+pl.n.+关系代词关系代词+单数动词单数动词The Great Wall is one of the world-f
14、amous buildings _ _(draw)lots of visitors.Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies _ _(have be)produced in Hollywood.thatdrawthat has beenExerciseExercise 1 11.I can still remember the sitting room in _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.2.A child _ parents are dead is called an
15、orphan.3.Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.4.We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.5.The man _ you just talked to was a friend of mine.whichwhichwhosewhosethatthatthat/whichthat/whichwho(m)/thatwho(m)/that作作的宾语的宾语6.Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is bla
16、ck.7.Mr.White is one of the foreign experts _ are working in China.8.Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?9.This is the worker with _ my father worked.10.To get the job started,all _ I need is your permission.whosewhosewho/thatwho/thatthat/whichthat/whichwhomwhomthatthatExercise11.Is this
17、the factory _ you have been to last year?A.which B.in which C.where D.the one 2.Is this factory _ you have been to last year?A.which B.in which C.where D.the one3.Is Mr.Smith the person _ you know this?A.that B.whom C.from whom D.by whom4.I attended the meeting the importance _ I did not realize at
18、that time.A.who B.of which C.which D.its ADCB5.Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now?A.which B.that C.who D.as6.This book is _ Im looking for.A.that B.what C.which D.one7.This is the most interesting one _ I have ever read.A.which B.that C.of which D.in that8.All of the flowers now raised here ha
19、ve developed from those _ in the forest.A.once they grew B.they grew once C.that once grew D.once grewABBC关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副词关系副词先行词先行词功能功能使用范围使用范围when(=during/in/on which)表示表示时间时间的的名词名词作作时间时间状语状语限制性和非限制性和非限制性定语限制性定语从句从句where(=in/at which)表示表示地点地点的的名词名词作作地点地点状语状语限制性和非限制性和非限制性定语限制性定语从句从句why(=for which
20、)reason作作原因原因状语状语限制性定语限制性定语从句从句that/whichthat/which和和whenwhenDo you remember the days when we first spent together?()Do you remember the days which/that we first spent together?()析：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句的引导词是用析：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词还是关系副词”when”，取决取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是时间状语。在于该先行词在
21、从句中充当主语、宾语还是时间状语。在这句中先行词这句中先行词the day在定语从句中作在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因的宾语，因此要用此要用that/whichthat/whichthat/which与与wherewhereIll never forget the school where we visited last Sunday.()Ill never forget the school(that/which)we visited last Sunday.()析：先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句的引导析：先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词词是用关系代词”that/w
22、hich”还是关系副词还是关系副词”where”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是地点取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是地点状语。在这句中先行词状语。在这句中先行词the school在定语从句中作在定语从句中作visited的宾语，因此要用的宾语，因此要用that/which.that/whichthat/which与与whywhyTell me the reason _ you are late.Is this the reason _ he told you?whywhythatthat先行词是先行词是reason时，定语从句的引导词是关系时，定语从句的引导词是关系代词代词
23、thatwhich还是关系副词还是关系副词why，取决于该取决于该先行词在从句中的成分。句中先行词在从句中的成分。句中reason在从句在从句中作原因状语，句中中作原因状语，句中reason在从句中作在从句中作tell的的宾语。宾语。“介词+关系代词”介词的选择：介词的选择：一般介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配一般介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面因此
24、不能使用动词的后面因此不能使用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构结构如：如：look for,look after,take care of.Is this the watch which he was looking for?Is this the watch which he was looking for?Is this the watch for which he was looking?(Is this the watch for which he was looking?()Exercises 2Exercises 2 1.Do you still remember the day
25、 _ we first came to Tibet?A.which B.that C.when D.where 2.Is this the company _ all employees are treated well?A.that B.which C.in that D.where3.This summer Ill return to the small village _ I grew up.A.which B.where C.that D.when4.Is that the reason _ you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.wh
26、ereCDBA5.The doctors and nurses did all _ they could to help those _ were infected with SARS.A.which;which B.that;why C.that;who D.what;who6.Is there a restaurant around _ we can have something to eat?A.where B.that C.what D.why7.We came to the place _ they had never paid a visit before.A.to where B
27、.to which C.that D.when8.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A.whom B.when C.who D.whereCABCAs,whichAs,which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句aswhich例句例句引引导导的定的定语语从从句既可以放在句既可以放在主句前，也可主句前，也可以放在主句后以放在主句后引引导导的定的定语语从句，只能从句，只能放在主句之放在主句之后后He turned out to be very successful,which was
28、more than we could expect.As is known to all,Edison invented the telephone.=Edison invented the telephone,as is known to all.意意为为“正如正如”后面的后面的谓语动词谓语动词多是多是see,know,expect say,mention,report等等意意为为“这这一一点点”关系代词关系代词as as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句引导限制性定语从句：引导限制性定语从句：(1)such+名词名词/so+形容词形容词+名词名词+as “像像一样的一样的”、“像像之类之类”th
29、e same+名词名词+as“和和同样的同样的”Such people as you describe are thought to be fools nowadays.(as作宾语作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.(as作表语作表语)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting
30、 a book _we all like it.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。5.5.I,who(am/is)your teacher,will try my best I,who(am/is)your t
31、eacher,will try my best to help you.to help you.6.To own a color TV set in each family,which 6.To own a color TV set in each family,which we thought(was/mere)impossible twenty years we thought(was/mere)impossible twenty years ago,now becomes true.ago,now becomes true.7.Have you heard of the persons and things that 7.Have you heard of the persons and things that(is/are)being talked about?(is/are)being talked about?