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1、Attributiveclauses定语从句定语从句无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布定语：定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质和特征的词。Sheisabeautifulgirl.ShewearsaredT-shirt.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布定语从句：l用来说明名词的品质和特征的句子。Sheisagirl.Sheisbeautiful.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.ShewearsaT-shirt.TheT-shirtisred.ShewearsaT-shirtthatisred.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布定语从句的构成l1.先行词：l被定语从句修饰的
2、词。lSheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.lShewearsaT-shirtthatisred.l2.关系词（引导词）：l引导定语从句的词。lSheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.lShewearsaT-shirtthatisred.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系词l分类：l关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,thatl关系副词：when,where,whyl作用：l引导定语从句l代替先行词l在句中担当一个成分lSheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.lShewearsaT-shirtthatisred.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理
3、发发布布关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.Thatisourteacher.SheteachesusEnglish.ThatisourteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Mr.Liuistheperson.Yo
4、utalkedabouthimonthebus.LiMingistheboy.Iwanttoseehim.LiMingistheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系代词lwhose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。lHehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.lHehasafriend.lHisfriendsfatherisadoctor.lIoncelivedinahouse.lTheroofofthehousehasfallenin.lIoncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.无
5、无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系代词which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Footballisagame.Footballislikedbymostboys.lThisisapen.lHeboughtityesterday.lThisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.l无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系代词lthat既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。lTheperso
6、nthatyouintroducedtomeisverykind.lThepersonisverykind.lYouintroducedhimtome.lTheseasonissummer.lTheseasoncomesafterspring.lTheseasonthatcomesafterSpringisSummer.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布只用that不用which的情况l当先行词是all,few,little,some,much,nothing,anything,everything等词时。lHaveyoutakendowneverything_Mr.Lisaid.lAll_
7、canbedonehasbeendone.that/-that无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l当先行词被every,any,few,little,all,no,some,each,just,theonly,thevery等修饰时。lHelookedupanyinformation_theyneeded.that/-无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l当先行词被序数词修饰时。lThefirstplace_theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.l当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。lThisisthebestfilm_Ihaveeverseen.that/-that/-
8、无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l当先行词既有人又有物时。lTheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings_theyrememberedatschool.l当先行词前面有who,which等疑问词时。lWhoistheman_isstandingbythegate?lWhichistheT-shirt_fitsmemost?that/-thatthat无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句l当关系代词在定语从句中作当关系代词在定语从句中作介词介词宾语时，宾语时，我们用我们用“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whic
9、h,whom）”的结构引导定语从句。的结构引导定语从句。lTheschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布介词的选用原则l根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配而定lThisisthebookonwhichIspent8Yuan.lspendmoneyonsthlThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8Yuan.lpaymoneyforsth.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l根据先行词的搭配习惯决定lIremem
10、berthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.l具体的某一天用onlIrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.lmonth前用in无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。lThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.lThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,
11、neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。l如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.lwhom可换成them吗？无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l当theway做先行词时，关系词充当状语时候有三种情况：thatlinwhichl/lCanyoutellmetheway_yousolvedtheproblem.Thisistheway_canbeusedinourcompany.that/inwhich/-that/which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lIsthiscity_youvisit
12、edlastyear?lIsthisthecity_youvisitedlastyear?l定语从句三要素：先行词，不可省去l关系词，作宾语时可省l从句lThiscityis_youvisitedlastyear.lThisisthecity_youvisitedlastyear.l先行词缺失时，常用theone补替。theonethat/which/-that/which/-无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布定语从句主谓一致：lSheisoneofthemostcleverstudents_goodatEnglish.lSheistheonlyoneofstudents_goodatEng
13、lish.lA.whoislB.whoareBA无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lwhen指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.lwhere指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.lwhy指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.onwhichinwhichforwhich无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整
14、理发发布布l限制性定语从句限制性定语从句l形式上：紧跟先行词之后。l意义上：不可删除，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。l译法上：译成先行词的定语：“的”l关系词的使用上：关系词的使用上：A作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略lB可用可用that/whichlC口语中，可用口语中，可用who代替代替whoml非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句l形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。l意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。l译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。l关系词的使用上：关系词的使用上：A不可省略不可省略lB不用不用thatlC不可用不可用who代替代替whom无无忧忧PPTPP
15、T整理整理发发布布lChinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.lHismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系代词关系代词as和和which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句las和和which引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：l1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子代表前面整个句子。如：lHemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.lHeishonest,
16、as/whichwecansee.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l2.as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可前、中、后前、中、后，有有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含义lwhich引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之句之后后。lAsisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.lHeisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的当主句
17、和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系因果关系时，时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which。Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.l当先行词受当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用修饰时，关系词常用as。如：Iveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.lThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastyear.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解定语从句讲解 -之关系副词之关系副词无无忧忧PPTPP
18、T整理整理发发布布在定语从句中，在定语从句中，先行词先行词-表示表示时间、地点时间、地点或或原因原因的的名词名词从句中缺从句中缺状语状语要用要用关系副词关系副词when,where,whywhen,where,why无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布when,where,whywhen,where,why “介词介词+which”+which”结构结构互换无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedayIcamehere.ThisisthehouseIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonspe
19、opleliketraveling.Idontlikethewayyouspeak.on the day=on which=whenin the house=in which=wherefor the reasons=for which=whyin the way=that/in which/省略省略关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词whenwherewhythat无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布when无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布先行词先行词-时间，时间，从句中缺时间状语，从句中缺时间状语，we used“foreign oil”are gone forever
20、 whenThe days when无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布There was a time women were not allowed to work.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.wherec_ when无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布when“介词介词+which”Ill never forget the day which(=when)I lived in the mount
21、ains.That was a happy year which I worked with you.on in无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布不能看到时间就用不能看到时间就用when还要看从句缺什么成分还要看从句缺什么成分Ill never forget the day _ I lived in the mountains.Ill never forget the day _ I spent in the mountains.whenthat/which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布先行词先行词-地点地点从句缺状语从句缺状语The Gr
22、eens live in a city _ there are many cultural relics.This is the place _we used to play when we were young.where where where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布where-“介词介词+which”I work in a company _almost everyone wants to work.where/in which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布不能看到地点就用不能看到地点就用where还有看从句缺什么成分。还有看从句缺什么成分。This is the ho
23、use _ he was born.This is the house _ was set up by his parents.wherethat/which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布先行词是先行词是case,situation,degree,stage,condition,point,activity,在定语从句中作状语在定语从句中作状语Lets find out a situation _ (=in which)this word can be used.where where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布但并不是说，但并不是说，一定要用一定要用where还要看定语从句中缺
24、什么成分。还要看定语从句中缺什么成分。Thats the point _ they argued about for a long time.that/which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Thats the point _(=on which)I couldnt agree with you.Can you imagine the conditions _ there is no air?Life is a large stage _we can build ourselves where where where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布I cant find the pa
25、ge _ I stopped reading yesterday.where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布why无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布 先行词是先行词是reasonreason 从句缺状语从句缺状语Do you know the reason why he is so upset?这时这时why=for which why无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布不能看到不能看到reason,就用就用why.还要看从句缺什么成分还要看从句缺什么成分This is the reason _ he was late.This is the reason _he told us for
26、 his being late.why that/which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布定语从句中缺定语从句中缺主，宾，表，主，宾，表，定定定语从句缺定语从句缺状语状语关系代词关系副词无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布ThisistheschoolwhereIvisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinBeijing.FTrueorFalseF which/that which/that无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布介词介词+关系代词关系代词无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布The pen is missing now
27、.I wrote with the pen.The pen which I wrote with is missing now.The pen with which I wrote is missing now.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Xiao Li is my good friend.I wrote a letter to him yesterday.Xiao Li is my good friend whom I wrote a letter to yesterday.Xiao Li is my good friend to whom I wrote a letter yest
28、erday.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布I admired Mr Smith.I graduated from his class.I admired Mr Smith I graduated from whose class.I admired Mr Smith whose classI graduated from.I admired Mr Smith from whose class I graduated.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布更复杂的介词更复杂的介词+关系代词结构关系代词结构I live in a village at the back of which run
29、s a small river.I bought a house the windows of which face south.There is a house under whose roof lived a family of four.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2Themanwho/whomyouspo
30、kewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinAre these two sentences right?无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布介词介词+关系
31、代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l1.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_standsourteacher.l2.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.l3.Thetower_peoplecanhaveag
32、oodviewisonthehill.l4.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.l5.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich练习一下吧！练习一下吧！_无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布特殊题型无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onw
33、hichD.theoneIsthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneBD类型类型1无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lIsthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?lThisisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?lIsthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?lThismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago?theone(that/which)that无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型类型2The
34、 old man has four children,_ are doctors.A.three of whoB.B.three of whomC.C.three of themD.D.of them threeB无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Theoldmanhasfourchildren._aredoctors.A.threeofwhoB.threeofwhomC.threeofthemD.ofthemthreeC当中间为当中间为.；,and,but无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型3Heisoneofstudentswho_goingtobeijing!Heistheonly
35、oneofstudentswho_goingtobeijing!areis无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型类型4 way,从句缺状语时，关系词用从句缺状语时，关系词用that,in which,/.I dont like the way _ you speak to your father.This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.that/whichthat/inwhich无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Thisistheway_canbeusedinourcompany.which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布
36、布类型类型5主谓一致的问题主谓一致的问题There are more than 200 volunteers who are helping with the work.从句谓语动词和先行词保持一致从句谓语动词和先行词保持一致无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型类型6正常情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词正常情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词词之后词之后但有时为了保持句子的平衡或行文但有时为了保持句子的平衡或行文需要，在其中间插入一些其他成分需要，在其中间插入一些其他成分无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布I was the only person in our office who was invite
37、d.The day is sure to come when you will succeed.He laughs best who laughs last.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型类型7The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round._ is known to all is that the earth is round.I
38、twhich/as ItAs What无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型类型8This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本这本书就是我丢的那本。无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型类型9This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting b
39、ook _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布类型10方法：答非所问把that 放进去，是对上题的回答，是强调句不是对上题的回答，是定语从句。Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm_ we worked.It was on
40、the farm _ we worked _ I know her.A.that B.there C.which D.where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布It was at five oclock _ I reached the village.It was five oclock_ I reached the village.A.that B.which C.when D.why无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lThereare100teachersinourschool,_60arewomenteachers.lHehasthreechildren,two_workastea
41、chers.of whomof whom无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lHehasthreechildren,andtwo_workesasteachers.of them无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lThattablehasfourlegs,all_areveryshort.lImpaintingahouse,theroof_isround.of whichof which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lThelibrary_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.lThelibrary,_wasbuiltinthe1930s,needs
42、repairing.lThelibrary_youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.wherewhichwhich无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lIllneverforgettheday_wefirstmetinthepark.lIllneverforgetthetime_Ispentoncampus.lIllneverforgetthetime_wasspentwithyou.whenwhich/thatwhich/that无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lThereason_hegavemeisnotreasonable.lThereason_heis
43、lateisreasonable.which/thatwhy/for which无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lThereason_hewasabsentfromschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill.lThereason_hisabsencefromschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill.why/for whichfor无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lIsthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?lIsthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?lIsthisthefactory_hisfathe
44、rworks?which/thatthe one(that)where无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lIdontliketheway_youtalktome.(in which)/(that)/(/)无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布Idontliketheway_weretaughtbyourteacher.Idontliketheway_youtalkedwithmeaboutjustnow.which/thatwhich/that无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布RevisionComplete the sentences with which,who,that1.The ma
45、n _ we met was a cartoonist2.He drew a dog _ had six legs3.The cartoon and the cartoonist _ youre talking about are very famous.4.I konw a teacher _ is also a caroonist.5.The picture _ I like best is the first one.6.Did the children watch cartoon _was drown by Alice last Friday.who which that who wh
46、ich that无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l定语从句已经学的将近尾声了，那么具体的应用你会吗？l那么请你翻译一个句子l他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生。lHe is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lwhosewhose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,先行词既可以是人，也可先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，而且先行词在从句中充当定语，或者说以是物，而且先行词在从句中充当定语，或者说所有格形式。当从句中的名词是物时，可以用所有格形式。当从句中的名词是物时，可以用of of
47、whichwhich替换。替换。lHe is the only student in our class whose father is a policemanlHe is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l在这种定语从句中，关联词为什么用whose呢？我们知道，定语从句中引导词与两点有关，一是先行词，二是引导词在定语从句中的作用。如果引导词在句中作定语，就要用whose。如果我们把定语从句换成简单句，那么我们就可以看出引导词在定语从句中所做的作用：lThe students(=whose)father is a
48、 policeman无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l通常包含通常包含whose引导的定语从句的句子引导的定语从句的句子可以翻译成两句汉语。可以翻译成两句汉语。lIhavegotafriendwhosebrotheristrainingfortheOlympic.l我有一个朋友，他哥哥正在备战奥运会。我有一个朋友，他哥哥正在备战奥运会。无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布lHe is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday.lThey cleaned the house whose windows face south.lThe gentleman,w
49、ith whose daughter I worked,looked down upon women.lShe is the girl whose brother is my English teacher.lThe house whose windows are red is my grandparents.lThe house,the windows of which are red is my grandparents.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布l先行词为无生命的物体时也可以用whose来引导定语从句lThe book whose cover is green is mine.
50、lNo one now lives in the room whose windows are broken.无无忧忧PPTPPT整理整理发发布布考题训练考考题题1Women_drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_dont.（2006北京）北京）A.who;不填不填B.不填不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填不填;不填不填考考题题2Thefamousbasketballstar,_triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.