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1、专题四阅读表达题型分析策略指导内容索引随堂限时练真题诊断题型分析阅阅读读表表达达的的题题材材和和体体裁裁与与传传统统的的阅阅读读短短文文没没有有太太大大的的区区别别，长长度度也大致相同或者比传统的阅读短文略短，文章的结构层次性更强。也大致相同或者比传统的阅读短文略短，文章的结构层次性更强。问题类型多样。总的来讲，大约有问题类型多样。总的来讲，大约有6种问题类型，即种问题类型，即5X：1.主主旨旨概概括括题题：它它要要求求概概括括出出文文章章的的某某一一段段、或或整整篇篇文文章章的的大大意意、标标题题或作者的写作意图等。或作者的写作意图等。出题方式主要有：出题方式主要有：(1)What is t
2、he main idea of the article/Paragraph 1?(2)What would be the best title of the passage?(3)What is the purpose of writing the text/passage?(4)What does the passage mainly talk about/discuss?(5)For what purpose does the author mention.in Paragraph 1?2.同同义义句句替替换换题题：它它要要求求根根据据所所给给出出的的英英文文句句子子，寻寻找找短短文文中中
3、意意思思相相同同的句子。的句子。出题方式主要有：出题方式主要有：(1)Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?(2)Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?(3)Please find out the sentence which can be replaced by the following one.3.完完成成句句子子题题：它它要要求求利利用用上上下下文文，将将短短文文中中的的空空白白处处
4、用用合合适适的的词词、短短语或句子补充完整，使短文通畅。语或句子补充完整，使短文通畅。出题方式主要有：出题方式主要有：(1)Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words.(2)Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.4.句子翻译题：句子翻译题：它要求将短文中划线的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。它要求将短文中划线的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。出题方式主要有：出题方式主要有：Translate the underlined sentence in the.paragraph/pas
5、sage into Chinese.5.封闭型问题：封闭型问题：结合文中具体依据进行回答。结合文中具体依据进行回答。出题方式主要有：出题方式主要有：(1)What advice is given in the third paragraph?(no more than 10 words)(2)According to Paragraph 2，how does the author settle the problem?(no more than 20 words)(3)What are the reasons for the problem according to the passage?(
6、no more than 10 words)6.开放型问题：开放型问题：结合个人观点态度进行表述。结合个人观点态度进行表述。出题方式主要有：出题方式主要有：(1)What would you do if you were.?(2)How would you solve the problem if you were.?(3)What other suggestions would you give to solve the problem mentioned?策略指导1.主旨概括题主旨概括题这类问题要求我们理解全文后对文章标题或大意进行概括。我们要做到：这类问题要求我们理解全文后对文章标题或大
7、意进行概括。我们要做到：(1)在在概概括括标标题题时时，要要做做到到精精辟辟、简简洁洁，注注意意书书写写格格式式和和词词数数限限制制。标标题题可可以以概概括括成成短短语语，有有时时也也可可是是一一个个短短句句。书书写写时时有有三三种种形形式式：标标题题的的开开头头字字母母大大写写，其其他他所所有有字字母母都都小小写写；标标题题第第一一个个单单词词和和实实词词的的首首字字母母要要大大写写；全全部部字字母母都都大大写写。可可任选其一。任选其一。(2)在在概概括括文文章章大大意意时时，我我们们要要从从整整体体上上把把握握作作者者的的观观点点、态态度度，捕捕捉捉与与题题目目相相关关的的信息。抓住文章的
8、首尾段和各段的首尾句是做好该题的关键。信息。抓住文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句是做好该题的关键。2.同义句替换题同义句替换题做做此此类类题题目目时时一一定定要要分分析析所所给给句句子子的的结结构构、含含义义、实实际际用用意意，在在文文章章中中找找句句子子时时一一定定要要通通读读上上下下文文，切切不不可可断断章章取取义义。找找到到的的同同义义句句必必须须准准确确、全全面面，不不能能增增加加或或减减少少内内容容。在在抄抄写写过过程程中中一一定定不不能能出出现现漏漏掉掉单词、字母、标点符号等现象。单词、字母、标点符号等现象。3.完成句子题完成句子题语语境境和和上上下下文文之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系是是
9、回回答答该该类类问问题题的的关关键键。语语句句间间的的逻逻辑辑性性是是我我们们解解决决这这类类问问题题的的着着眼眼点点，要要找找出出语语句句间间的的一一些些递递进进、并并列列、对对比比、转转折折、因因果果等等的的关关系系，在在理理解解全全文文的的基基础础上上把把握握上上下下文文之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，要要充充分分考考虑虑整整句句话话的的语语言言环环境境，特特别别注注意意上上下下、前前后后句句子子的的弦弦外外之之意意，确确定定需需要要填填写写的的是是短短语语还还是是完完整整句句子子，并并注注意意书书写写时时的的问问题题，如如大大小小写写等等。该该类类问问题题的的词词数数要要求求会会比比较较
10、少少，所所以以语语言言一一定定要要简简练练；做做完完题题目目后后一一定定要要用用“代代入入法法”进进行行验验证证，看看是是否否符符合合文文章章逻逻辑和作者的意图。辑和作者的意图。4.句子翻译题句子翻译题做做此此类类题题目目要要分分析析句句子子结结构构，遵遵循循忠忠实实通通顺顺的的原原则则，表表达达完完整整；注注意意英英汉汉语语序序的的差差异异，译译文文要要符符合合汉汉语语表表达达习习惯惯；关关键键词词务务必必要要翻翻译译出出来来，语言要简练。语言要简练。5.封闭型问题封闭型问题面面对对该该类类问问题题，我我们们可可以以结结合合文文中中的的具具体体依依据据进进行行回回答答，答答案案是是固固定定的
11、、唯一的。的、唯一的。6.开放型问题开放型问题面面对对该该类类问问题题，我我们们可可以以依依据据自自己己的的看看法法结结合合对对原原文文的的理理解解作作出出回回答答，注意扬长避短，避难就易。注意扬长避短，避难就易。真题诊断1 (2018天津天津)Some people live to climb the highest mountains.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all.But one thing is certain，all people encou
12、nter mountains in their life.When I was a little girl，my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain.One day after school，while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs.What could these steps lead to？Curiosity got the best of me as I kne
13、w it would be starting to get dark soon.I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.I climbed and climbed.There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps.I had to reach the top!But it was now getting real dark.If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.My mum would be
14、worried sick if I didnt come home soon.So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.Could there be a castle up there？Maybe I would find a monster(怪怪物物).Maybe I was taking the risk
15、 of never coming back home.Or，maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing!But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.Now we live in a world surrounded by the“cant do”attitudes.We all fall down.We all have doubts and regrets.
16、Still we must climb and dream about whats at the top of our mountain.Monsters may appear or the night will fall.But never ever give up on your dream!Never let anyone tell you，“You cant.”Dream big and climb high!56.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top？(no more than 5
17、words)_答案56 57 585960Curiosity made her do so./The desire to explore.57.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain？Give two reasons.(no more than 15 words)_答案Because it was getting dark，and she didnt want her mother to worry about her./Because she was scared，and migh
18、t not be able to find her/the way back home.56 57 58596058.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4？(no more than 10 words)_答案She had rich imagination and she was brave./She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination./She was imaginative and det
19、ermined，and she dared to explore./She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.56 57 58596059.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？(no more than 5 words)_答案We all sometimes fail./We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life./There are difficulties/barriers/obs
20、tacles in life./We run into trouble sometimes./We have trouble in life.56 57 58596060.Whats your attitude towards the“mountain”in your life？Please explain.(no more than 20 words)_答案I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life./I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain
21、”because I want to be successful in life.56 57 5859602 (2017天津天津)In the years of my growing up，Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream，
22、“I hate you！”Dad would yell back，“Good！I dont care！”Deep down I knew he did.One time at a party，I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said，“Call my dad.”Next thing，Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning，thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected，I got a roasting，bu
23、t I now understand why I needed discipline.Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series，but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad，I faced lots of rejections
24、.Working in such a competitive industry，Ive sometimes thought，“I cant do this any more.”Once，after a trip to Hollywood，I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting，listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said，“Alice，I know
25、 its hard，but its all about persistence(坚坚持不懈持不懈).”Now I get to work with Dad a lot，which I love.We are both passionate about acting，which comes from us being so interested in people.If it werent for Dad，I wouldnt be where I am today.Hes my biggest fan，and when you have that in your life you can go
26、a long way.56.What rules did Alices father set for her when she was growing up？(no more than 15 words)_56 57 585960答案She should make her bed，do her homework and drink no alcohol./Making her bed，doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean？(no more t
27、han 5 words)_答案I got/was criticised/scolded.56 57 58596058.What did Alices father do when she felt depressed？(no more than 5 words)_答案He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.56 57 58596059.According to the last paragraph，what do Alice and her father have in common？(no more than 10 words)_答案They are bot
28、h passionate about acting and interested in people.56 57 58596060.What do you think of Alices father？Please explain.(no more than 20 words)_答案He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.或或He is always supportive/a sourc
29、e of strength.Whenever she is in trouble，he is there for her.56 57 5859603 (2016天津天津)Im a 34-year-old man，married，live in a nice house，and have a successful career as an educational consultant.But my life was not always so great.I had a learning disability from an early age.I went to a special schoo
30、l where I got plenty of extra help.Still，I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.My life improved remarkably when I discovered art.The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏黏土土).Here I learne
31、d my first important lesson：disabled as I was in language，I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.And my confidence came along.I got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start.I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thing;it was practice.So I did i
32、t more.After about five years of climbing，I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.Every day I practiced reading
33、 and writing，which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years，I was literate.Having gone through the long process with art，rock climbing，and reading and writing，now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but intere
34、sting.56.What made the authors school days difficult？(no more than 5 words)_56 57 585960答案His learning disability./Or：Having a learning disability./Or：That he was learning disabled./Or：That he had a learning disability.57.Why did art give the author confidence?(no more than 10 words)_答案Because he co
35、uld be smart and express himself with clay./Or：Because art could help him express himself without words./Or：Because he could well express himself with clay/art.56 57 58596058.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing?(no more than 15 words)_答案If you enjoy something and keep doing it，you wi
36、ll get better at it./Or：The more you practice something，the better at it you will become./Or：Practice makes perfect./Or：Practice leads to success.56 57 58596059.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?(no more than 5 words)_答案I could read and write.56 57 58596060.How does the autho
37、rs story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life?Put it in your own words.(no more than 20 words)_答案We should not lose heart in face of difficulties.If we work hard，we will find a way out./Or：The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my
38、life./Or：We should overcome our weakness and fears with courage and determination.56 57 585960随堂限时练1(2018天津部分区县二模天津部分区县二模)Marga Allen might be around 93 years old.However，she wouldnt put her feet up.Every week，she leads a 90-minute fitness class in her community for her ladies，and the youngest of th
39、em is 60.The class is a mixture of Scottish dancing，line-dancing and routine.“I want to make it fun for them，”says Marga，“Ive been teaching classes since 1965.”At that time,8 ladies attended her class，but now there are as many as 18.And when Marga isnt out，she is a writer of poetry.She has written s
40、ix books and is now going on the seventh.“I write in the evenings，about anything and everything，”says Marga.In writing about her life，Marga isnt short of materials.Born in the 1920s，Marga was a gifted pianist from a young age and even won a scholarship to the Royal College at the age of 14.Marga sto
41、pped work as a railway worker when she had the first child.Then she was a volunteer of the Red Cross for more than 40 years.She now has four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren；the youngest of them is just six-month old.In spite of her astonishing activity level for her age，Marga says that lo
42、neliness is the concern of society and that all the things she does still dont fill up her time.Whenever she gets lonely or down，she picks up the phone and chats with friends，which makes her in high spirits.“I miss people most of all.But a lot of people are lonely，and Id love to help them all.”解解析析根
43、根据据第第一一段段中中的的“I want to make it fun for them”可可知知，她她开开办这个课程是想让她的朋友们生活得有趣。办这个课程是想让她的朋友们生活得有趣。答案解析 123451.Why does Marga Allen give a fitness class in her community each week？(no more than 10 words)_She intends to make her ladies life interesting.12345解解析析由由题题干干中中的的“materials when writing about her li
44、fe”可可定定位位至至第第二二段段第第四四句句，而而其其后后的的内内容容则则讲讲述述了了不不缺缺少少素素材材的的原原因因，即即她她有有丰丰富富的的人人生生经经历历。从从她她的的人人生生经经历历来来看看，她她经经历历过过很很多多的的事事情情，做做过过多多种工作，所以她不缺素材。种工作，所以她不缺素材。答案解析 2.Why doesnt Marga Allen lack materials when writing about her life？(no more than 12 words)_She has experienced a lot，doing various things in her
45、 life.12345解解析析前前文文说说她她九九十十三三岁岁了了，however“然然而而”表表转转折折；后后文文说说她她每每个个星期还要上健身课。可以猜测这句话的意思是她闲不住。星期还要上健身课。可以猜测这句话的意思是她闲不住。答案解析 3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean？(no more than 10 words)_She doesnt want to have a rest/break.12345解解析析根根据据最最后后一一段段第第一一句句可可知知，当当她她感感到到孤孤独独或或沮沮丧丧时时，她她就就拿拿起起电话和朋友
46、聊天。电话和朋友聊天。答案解析 4.What does Marga Allen usually do when she feels depressed？(no more than 5 words)_She communicates with her friends.12345解解析析本本题题可可根根据据提提问问和和自自己己对对文文章章的的理理解解表表达达自自己己的的观观点点，然然后后阐阐明理由，言之有理即可。明理由，言之有理即可。答案解析 5.What do you think of Marga Allen?And why?(no more than 25 words)_Shes old bu
47、t active and kind.Because though 93-year-old，she does a lot to fill up her time and cheer up others.2She had to pack up her bedroom in Virgina Beach，where she lived with her mother，two sisters and brother.She had to say goodbye to her two dogs，who used to sleep in her bed，and to the beach，where she
48、loved to ride waves on her boogie board.But it was time to take the leap，however，heartbreaking and awkward it would be.Even at 14，Douglas knew that.So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines，Lowa，to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never been met.When she
49、arrived，Douglas thought that she must be the only black person in the state.When she woke up，she always said，“This isnt my bed set.Where am I？”Liang Chow，who had coached the Olympic gold medalist Shawn Johnson，transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket from
50、an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.And a couple with four young daughters became her second family，nurturing her in Iown while her real family supported her from afar.That move also was important in Douglass making history.By winning the Olympic all-round title，she became