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1、EST Translation增词：增词：理论上好的翻译应当不增，不减，不该，与原文完全等值。理论上好的翻译应当不增，不减，不该，与原文完全等值。但多数情况下只能求得原文的近似。但多数情况下只能求得原文的近似。EST Translation增译名词增译名词He ate and drank,for he was exhausted.他吃点他吃点东西东西，喝，喝点酒点酒，因为他疲劳不堪了。，因为他疲劳不堪了。Oxidation will make metals rusty.氧化作用会使金属生锈。氧化作用会使金属生锈。Transition(演变演变过程过程)，development(开发开发工程工程
2、)Processing(加工加工方法方法)，preparation(准备准备工作工作)Tension(紧张紧张局势局势)，backwardness(落后落后状态状态)The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure.EST Translation“According to Dr.John,”he said,“he patients life is still in danger.The first aid must be rendered as soon as possible.”“根根据据约约翰翰大大夫夫的的诊
3、诊断断，”他他说说，“这这位位患患者者的的生生命命仍仍处处于于危危险险之之中中，必必须须尽尽快采取急救措施。快采取急救措施。”This is a passage quoted from Mark Twain.这是从马克吐温这是从马克吐温著作著作中引用的一段话。中引用的一段话。He was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.他他满脸满脸皱纹，皱纹，皮肤皮肤很黑，头发灰白稀疏。很黑，头发灰白稀疏。EST Translation增译复数词增译复数词Very acute problems existed among them.他们之间存在着非常尖锐的他们之
4、间存在着非常尖锐的种种种种问题。问题。A list of all the ways that diesel power is used would take pages.一份列举柴油机所有用途的清单可能要一份列举柴油机所有用途的清单可能要好几页好几页。They drove in a black limousine,past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical buildings.他他们们乘乘坐坐一一辆辆黑黑色色轿轿车车，经经过过一一丛丛丛丛的的白白桦桦树树和和看看不不到到尽尽头头的的一一排排排排千千篇篇一一律律的新住宅。的新住
5、宅。EST TranslationMary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.玛丽在丈夫去患急性肺炎去世后，靠洗衣服维持生活。玛丽在丈夫去患急性肺炎去世后，靠洗衣服维持生活。In the summer of 1969,the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.一九六九年夏天，（美国）政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。一九六九年夏天，（美国）政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。He allowed the father
6、 to be overuled by the judge,and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的他让法官的职责职责战胜了父子的战胜了父子的私情私情，并判自己的儿子有罪。，并判自己的儿子有罪。EST Translation增加动词增加动词My work,my family,my friends were more than enough to fill my time.我我干干工作，我工作，我做做家务，我跟朋友家务，我跟朋友往来往来，这些占去了我的全部时间。，这些占去了我的全部时间。Science demands of men great effort and
7、 complete devotion.科学需要人们巨大的努力和无限的热爱。科学需要人们巨大的努力和无限的热爱。人们要掌握科学，必须人们要掌握科学，必须做出做出巨大的努力并对之巨大的努力并对之怀有怀有无限的热爱。无限的热爱。EST TranslationNobody could count on his restraint or rationality.没人指望他会没人指望他会采取采取克制或理性克制或理性行事行事。In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would wor
8、k on the drafting of the final communiqu.他傍晚他傍晚参加完参加完宴会宴会，听完听完音乐会，音乐会，看完看完乒乓球后，还得起草最后的公报。乒乓球后，还得起草最后的公报。EST Translation添加形容词或副词添加形容词或副词Inflation has now reached unprecedented level.通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前严重严重的地步。的地步。And Homer is not the likewise human?Even Homer may sometimes nod.To err is human.
9、荷马！他不是荷马！他不是“活生生活生生”的人么？即使荷马也有打盹的时候。过失人皆难免。的人么？即使荷马也有打盹的时候。过失人皆难免。It must have been surprising to see a little girl working at a high table,surrounded by maps and all kinds of instruments.看看到到一一个个小小女女孩孩趴趴在在堆堆满满地地图图和和仪仪器器的的高高桌桌上上聚聚精精会会神神地地工工作作时时，谁谁也也会会感感到到惊讶。惊讶。EST Translation增补原文中省略的词增补原文中省略的词Inorga
10、nic chemistry is linked closely to geology,mineralogy,and metallurgy;organic chemistry to physiology,biochemistry,and biology in general.一一般般说说来来，无无机机化化学学是是和和地地质质学学、矿矿物物学学以以及及冶冶金金学学紧紧密密联联系系在在一一起起的的；而而有有机化学则是和生理学、生物化学以及生物学机化学则是和生理学、生物化学以及生物学紧密联系在一起的紧密联系在一起的。Sounds are classified into two kinds:sonic
11、and ultrasonic.声波分为两类，即普通声声波分为两类，即普通声波波和超声和超声波波。EST TranslationCourage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift avarice.勇敢过度即成逞能，感情勇敢过度即成逞能，感情过度过度即成溺爱，节俭即成溺爱，节俭过度过度即成贪婪。即成贪婪。This victory in polemics means the victory of civilization over ignorance,of science over superstition and of
12、 truth over falsehood.这这次次论论战战的的胜胜利利意意味味着着文文明明对对愚愚昧昧的的胜胜利利，科科学学对对迷迷信信的的胜胜利利，真真理理对对谬谬误误的的胜利胜利。EST Translation增加关联词，使译文符合思维逻辑增加关联词，使译文符合思维逻辑The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air being only 0.03 percent,carbon is amassed into the compass of the plat from a large volume of air.因为空气中二氧化碳的密度只有万分之
13、三，所以聚集在植物内部的碳是从周围极大体积的空气中得来的。It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity.这是一个昌盛之世，但也是一个衰败之世；这是一个智慧的时代，但也是一个愚蠢的时代；这是一个充满信仰的新纪元，但也是一个充满怀疑的新纪元。EST Translation增加概括词，使译文清晰增加概括词，使译文清晰We
14、 can draw from these facts no other deduction than this,that there is in the structure a unit of pattern containing copper,sulphur,and oxygen atoms in the same proportions as that in which they occur in the molecule.从这些事实，我们只能得出这样的结论：每一个硫酸铜单位晶格中所含有的铜、硫、氧这这三三种种元元素素的原子数的比例，和每个硫酸铜分子中这三种元素的原子数的比例，二者是相一致
15、的。Then a little over a decade ago,Professor Hoyle,Bondi,and Gold，working at Cambridge,propose an entirely different scheme.然而，十多年前，剑桥大学的霍伊尔、邦迪和戈尔德三三位位教授却提出了完全不同的学说。EST Translation成语翻译中的增词法成语翻译中的增词法Burn ones boat 破釜破釜沉舟沉舟Angle for fame 沽名沽名钓誉钓誉In deep waters 水深水深火热火热Blow ones own trumpet 自吹自吹自擂自擂Two-
16、faced tactics 两面两面三刀三刀Have a well-oiled tongue 油嘴油嘴滑舌滑舌EST Translation增加附带性的解释增加附带性的解释I am in charge of the depot,only I.People will hold me responsible but not you.只有我一个人负责管理这个仓库，出了事情出了事情别人找我，找不到你。In April,there was the“ping”heard around the world.In July,the ping“ponged”.四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去；到了
17、七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。EST TranslationIt was Friday and soon theyd go out and get drunk.星期五星期五发薪日发薪日到了，他们马上就要到街上去喝个酩酊大醉。到了，他们马上就要到街上去喝个酩酊大醉。Let both sides unite to heed in corners of the earth the command of Isaiah to undo the heavy burdens,(and)let the oppressed to free.不不管管我我们们在在地地球球的的什什么么地地方方，让让我我们们双双
18、方方都都记记住住先先知知以以赛赛亚亚（圣圣经经人人物物）的的重重托托-卸下重负，让所有受压迫的人都重获自由。卸下重负，让所有受压迫的人都重获自由。Youve got to be careful of these Eastern lawyers.If you are not careful,theyll take you and turn you inside out.对对这这些些东东部部的的律律师师们们可可得得提提防防。一一不不小小心心，他他们们就就会会抓抓住住你你的的把把柄柄，把把你你弄弄的的够呛。够呛。EST Translation增加时态增加时态The old man had taugh
19、t the boy to fish and the boy loved him.I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant.But this time I was.EST TranslationShe was then but fifteen,which must be her excuse.她当时只有十五岁，我们当然只能原谅她她当时只有十五岁，我们当然只能原谅她年幼无知年幼无知。He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the sle
20、epers,for there was no time to lose.他他倏倏地地一一下下站站起起来来，打打算算把把睡睡觉觉的的人人都都叫叫醒醒，因因为为时时间间十十分分紧紧迫迫，必必须须马马上上上上路。路。Every bird likes its own nest.鸟皆爱其巢，人皆爱其家。鸟皆爱其巢，人皆爱其家。EST TranslationBut he immensely pitied the poor chicks and had done all he could.他非常怜悯这个可怜的小家伙，为此他非常怜悯这个可怜的小家伙，为此绞尽脑汁绞尽脑汁，尽其所能。，尽其所能。It(cauti
21、on)often basely and cowardly deserts those paragons for whom the men are all wishing,sighing,dying,and spreading every net in their power.实实际际上上，对对于于男男人人所所倾倾心心仰仰慕慕、为为之之憔憔悴悴叹叹息息，害害相相思思病病、并并千千方方百百计计布布下下情情网谋求的那些美貌绝伦的女人，谨慎往往卑鄙胆怯的抛下不管网谋求的那些美貌绝伦的女人，谨慎往往卑鄙胆怯的抛下不管这这种种小小心心防防护护，对对于于男男人人所所寤寤寐寐以以求求，所所为为之之临临风风洒洒
22、泪泪、对对月月长长嗟嗟，为为之之魂魂断断神神销销，恹恹恹恹欲欲绝绝，为为之之尽尽心心尽尽力力、布布网网张张罗罗的的粲粲者者尤尤物物，往往往往怯怯懦懦畏畏缩缩，令令人人可耻的来一个弃之而逃，置之不顾可耻的来一个弃之而逃，置之不顾EST Translation1.After the football match,hes got an important meeting.观看观看/打完打完足球比赛之后，他有一个重要会议足球比赛之后，他有一个重要会议要参加要参加。2.He said hed come to the discussion.他说他要来他说他要来参加参加会议。会议。3.Her job was
23、 sweeping,scratching,cleaning.她的工作就是扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。她的工作就是扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。EST Translation 4.I could knit when I was seven.七岁时我就会织毛衣。七岁时我就会织毛衣。5.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机这部打字机物物美美价价廉。廉。6.Because of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale,normally usin
24、g steam as the heat source.由于蒸发由于蒸发工艺工艺可靠，可靠，操作操作简便，因此常用于大规模生产并以蒸汽简便，因此常用于大规模生产并以蒸汽作为热源。作为热源。EST Translation7.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.氧化氧化作用作用会使钢铁生锈。会使钢铁生锈。8.During an EL Nino the pressures over Australia,Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal,which results in dry cond
25、itions or even droughts.当现出当现出“厄尔尼诺厄尔尼诺”现象现象时，澳大利亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾上空的大气压会时，澳大利亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾上空的大气压会比平常高，会出现干旱，甚至还会发生旱灾。比平常高，会出现干旱，甚至还会发生旱灾。9.Were there no gravity,there would be no air around the earth.假如假如没有重力，地球周围就没有空气。没有重力，地球周围就没有空气。EST Translation10.The sun warms the earth,which makes it possible for pla
26、nts to grow.太阳温暖地球，太阳温暖地球，从而从而使植物生长。使植物生长。11.The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.声音的频率、波长与速度声音的频率、波长与速度三者三者密切相关。密切相关。12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons,neutrons and electrons.人类还没能够将质子、中子、电子人类还没能够将质子、中子、电子三者三者化合成一个元素。化合成一个元素。ES
27、T Translation10.The sun warms the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.太阳温暖地球，太阳温暖地球，从而从而使植物生长。使植物生长。11.The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.声音的频率、波长与速度声音的频率、波长与速度三者三者密切相关。密切相关。12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons,neut
28、rons and electrons.人类还没能够将质子、中子、电子人类还没能够将质子、中子、电子三者三者化合成一个元素。化合成一个元素。EST Translation16.Matter can be changes into energy and energy into matter.物质可以转化为能，能物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化也可以转化为物质。为物质。17.The earths population is doubling,the environment is being damaged.地球的人口地球的人口正正在加倍增长，环境在加倍增长，环境也在不断也在不断受到破坏。受到破坏。18.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic,heating and chemical effects.电流的主要效应有磁效应、热效应和化学效应电流的主要效应有磁效应、热效应和化学效应三种三种。Omission