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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法专题Module 1简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。一. 五种基本句型：1 主语系动词表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.2 主语不及物动词（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.3 主语及物动词宾语（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.4 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike, 主语及物动词直接宾语间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.5 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 ( S+V+
2、O+OC) The good news made us happy.二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。1 He likes music very much.2 The soup tastes salty.3 She works very hard.4 My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.5 My father bought me a computer.Module 2宾语从句：是一个复合句，复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句。1. 定义：在句子充当宾语的从句如：He says that he is going to the
3、 cinema.The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.2. 结构：（1）主句+that+从句（that没有意义,可省略）（2）主句+if/ whetheror not （是否）+从句（3）主句+疑问词（what，where，how，why）+从句如：I believe （that） we will become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他问周日我们是否会出去钓鱼。I understand why th
4、ey like computer games so much.我理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。3. 时态：（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态。I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.(主句用一般现在时，从句用过去时)Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时）The little girl can show me where she lives.(主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时)2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句
5、只能用过去的某种时态如：David told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般过去过去时，从句也用过去时）3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句用一般过去时，从句用现在时）如何改为宾语从句（三关）1. 引导词关陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈
6、述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
7、如：注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。练习题1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she liveB. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2.I dont know when _.A.will the train leaveB. the train will leave C. would the train leaveD. the train leave3.-We dont know _.-It
8、 is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he isB. if he lives here C. where he comes fromD. which country is he from4. Were not sure if it _ tomorrow. If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.A. will snow；snows B. will snow；will snow C. snows；snows D. snows；will snow Module 3动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing） 有些
9、动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。一. 接to do的动词有:(1）四个希望两答应：hope/ want/ wish/ would like to-agree/ promise(2)两个要求加拒绝：demand/ ask/ refuse(3)设法学会做决定：manage/ learn/ decide(4) 不要假装在选择：pretend/ choose二. 接-ing的动词有：e
10、njoy/ finish/ practise/ keep/ be busy/ feel like doing sth三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有hate, like, love, begin/start（意思一样），remember, forget, continue/ go on, stop, try,mean， regret（意思不一样）Remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事Forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事Stop to do sth 停止正在
11、做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事Continue/ go on to do 继续做另一件事 Continue/ go on doing sth 停止正在做的事Try to do sth 努力设法做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事Mean to do sth 意味着做某事 mean doing sth 打算做某事Regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth 对已做的事感到后悔四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Would you like _ (have) a cup of tea?2. Im very
12、 tired, lets stop _ (have) a rest.3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldnt remember _ (smile) at me.4. He wants _ (buy) a new bike.5. You must keep _ (practice) _ (speak) English every day.6. Have you finished _ (read) the book?7. I decide _ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.8. My sister enjoys _
13、(listen) to music.9. He learnt _ (swim) all by himself.10. My father agreed _ (buy) me a computer.11. I forgot _ (close) the door yesterday.12. I hate _ (lose).13. The teacher is coming, we stop _. (talk)14. We tried _ (finish) the work on time.15. Sally refused _ (play) during the final practice.16
14、. He offers _ (help) me with the work.17. She cant afford _ (buy) a dictionary.18. I hope _ (go) abroad.19. Da Wei asked _ (play) the computer game on my fathers computer.20. He started _ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.Module 4-5由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句（在某种条件下某事可能发生）1. 句子结构（1） If从句+主句
15、（2） If从句+祈使句（以动词原形开头）2. 位置：if从句可放句首，也可放主句后面; 若If条件句放句首，从句可加逗号 。如：Print the text if you like it.= If you like the text, print it.3. 时态变化（1） 如果主句是一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现） 如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the great wall.(2)如果主句是其它时态，从句与主句时态保持一致。e.g.:If you finish eating, you may leave the table.4
16、.练习题If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.= If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.= If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.= =She should , or 二、 感叹句 (多.啊!)1. What +（ a/an/.）. + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)!e.g.: clean classroom it ! honest kid Tom ! terrible news this ! fantast
17、ic concerts they !2. How + adj. + 主语 (the + n. /人名/代词) + be!e.g.: 改写上面的句子. Module 6 直接引语和间接引语（1）一般陈述句1.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，通常用引号“ ”括起来如：Mr Black said ，“Im very busy.”2.间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，多数情况下构成“that引导的宾语从句”如：Mr Black said that he was very busy.3.一般陈述句 把直接引语变成间接引语要考虑以下几种因素：人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等（1）人称的变化：
18、一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新如：1. 直引：She said,“ I like Tennis.”-间引：She said that she liked tennis. 2. He said to Lily,“ You must get up early.”- He told Lily that she must get up early.3. She said to me ,“ They want to help him.”- She told me that they wanted to help him.（2）时态的变化：A. 主句的谓语动词一般现在时，从句的动词也是一般现在时。如：Sh
19、e says, “I love Spring very much.”She says (that) she loves Spring very much.B主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的动词是过去的某种时态，除非是客观真理，常用一般现在时如：She said, “I like singing. ”- She said（that） she liked singing.She said, “I have never met an American.”- She said she had never met an American. （3）其他变化形式：指示代词时间状语地点状语动词this-th
20、atnow-thenhere-therecome-gothese-thosetodaythat day bringtaketonightthat nighttomorrowthe next day4. 练习题： Module 7 直接引语和间接引语（1）祈使句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句1. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语应考虑的因素：ask/tell sb (not) to do sth-人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等如：（1）“Go and wash your hands.”Mother said to Tom.Mother asked/told Tom to go and was
21、h his hands.（2） She said to Tony, “Dont go close to the bears”She told/asked Tony not to go close to the bears.2. 直接引语是一般疑问句（以be动词，情态动词，助动词开头的问句）, 变成间接引语应考虑的因素：用if/whether 引导-主句的动词是said,改为asked-主句没有宾语要加宾语（me，him,us.）-把一般疑问句变成陈述语序-人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等如：He said, “ Are you ready?” -He asked (us) if we
22、 were ready. Jack asked, “Did you know Mike?”-Jack asked me whether/if I knew Mike.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句（以特殊以特殊疑问词引导的问句）， 变成间接引语应考虑的因素：原来的疑问词引导-主句的动词是said,改为asked-主句没有宾语要加宾语（me，him,us.）-把一般疑问句变成陈述语序-人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等如：What do you want?” She asked me .-She asked me what I wanted. She said to Tony, “How a
23、re you feeling now?”-She asked Tony how he was feeling then.4. 直接引语是why dont/ not.， 变成间接引语应考虑的因素：Suggest/ advise that .(should)-人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等如：Lingling said, “ Why dont we go to one of our national parks to relax?” Lingling suggested/ advised that they should go to one of their natinal parks
24、 to relax.5 练习题1)“ These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) “Light travels faster than sound.” My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken
25、.4).“Do you want to try something new。” Toms mother asked him. Toms mother asked him_ _ _to try something new. 5)Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _. 6）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai. Module 8 时间状语从句1.when 和while（当。的时候） 连接的时间状语
26、从句（1） when 后接短暂性和延续性动词（2） while 后接延续性动词，且延续性动词常用进行时态如：When I got home, I found mother cooking for me.我到家时，发现妈妈在为我做饭。While they are waiting for the New Year, they listen to music and sing songs.在等新年到来的一段时间里，他们听音乐和唱歌。2. before (在之前)和after(在之后)连接的时间状语从句如：妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。Mother always prepares supper
27、before I come back from school.我昨晚功课就和你出去。I will go out with you after I finish my homework.3. as soon as（一就）连接的时间状语从句（强调动作紧密相连）（1）时态：主将从现（主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）如：I will call you as soon so I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就打电话给你4. until（直到），not 。until(直到。才)连接的时间状语从句如：他一直等到所有人都走了。He waited until all the people
28、 left.直到妈妈回家后我才上床睡觉。I dont go to bed until Mum came back. Module 9原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句1. because（因为）连接的原因状语从句如：他因为有病，没有参加晚会。He didnt come to the eveing party because he was ill.2. so that（目的是/为的是）连接的原因状语从句, 通常与can，could等情态动词连用如：我很早就起床了以便能按时到校I got up very early so that I could get to school on time.
29、3. so(所以，因此)连接的时间状语从句如：他工作太辛苦，所以又病倒了。He worked very hard so he fell ill again. Module 101. 如此.以至于so that/ such that表示程度结果的状语从句（1）So+形容词或副词+that （2）Such+名词/名词短语+ that如：这个小男孩是如此地可爱以至于我们都喜欢他The little boy is so lovely that we all like him.(lovely是形容词，所以用so)The little boy is such a lovely boy that we al
30、l like him.(boy是一个名词，虽然有形容词lovely，但它是修饰名词boy的，所以用such)（3）如此（so和such）的用法：Asuch a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词；B. so +形容词+a/an+单数名词。如：如此漂亮的一个女孩：such a beautiful girl = so beautiful a girl(4) so还可以和many,much连用，such不能A，So +many/few+可数名词复数+that从句BSo+ much/ little +不可数名词+that 从句2. Although/though（虽然）/ but(但是)连接的/让步状语从句如：Although/ Though she cant go to school, she still want to study.= She cant go to school, but she still want to study.专心-专注-专业