仁爱英语八年级下册语法(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上仁爱英语八年级下册语法复习及配套练习一,系动词及用法。大多数联系动词后面接形容词,seem后还可接不定式,be后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。初中阶段常见的联系动词有be,look(看起来),seem(似乎,好像),feel(感觉,感到),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),get(变),become(变得,成为),turn(变),go(变),grow(变),等。表示变化的系动词的区别:天气变化用get;颜色的变化用turn;由好变坏用go;逐渐变化用grow;好变坏、坏变好用become或get;成

2、为用become.翻译下列句型:面包变酸了(sour)._这朵花闻起来很香sweet_这种食物尝起来是咸的(salty)_ 那个妇女疯了。_她似乎很担心。_她感到烦恼。_这首歌听起来很动听。_树木变得越来越绿。_他变得越来越老。_天气变得越来越暖和。_似乎要下雨。_保持健康。_最后,她成为了一名女警察。_我感到失望。_二,状语从句种类连接词注意点时间状语when,while,before,after,until,assoonas,主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现在时(主将从现);while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的;until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的,而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。

3、地点状语where,原因状语because,as,since,because语气最强,since较弱,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之。条件状语if,unless,aslongas,从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一般时代替目的状语sothat,inorderthat,sothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语sothat,suchthat时间状语从句,其连接词有:after,before,when,as,assoonas,until(till),while,since,by1until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的

4、句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedhard_12oclocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:He_gotobed_untilhismothercameback.2在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如:Ifitrains,theywontgototheparkonSunday.as强调随着时间推移,当时。考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如:Iwanttoknowifhewillc

5、omeheretomorrow.ifitrains,hewillnotcome.原因状语从句中主要是because,因为.表达的因果关系最强,如:Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhardsince应译为既然,如:Sinceyouwereillyesterday,Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk.as应译为由于,如:Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming.since与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。而for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:Hestudieshard,forhewantstogo

6、tocollege.比较状语从句中有同级比较asas,要注意的有两点: asas中间要用原级而不是比较级。 用形容词还是副词,如:MarywritesascarefullyasTom.MaryisascarefulasTom.状语从句练习1._hesold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2. Doyouknowifhe_toplaybasketballwithus? Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willc

7、ome;willbe3.Inthezooifachild_intothewaterandcantswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup_him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.Idontremember_heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt_tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming6.Thepoli

8、ceaskedthechildren_crossthestreet_thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.dont;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.IllgoswimmingwithyouifI_freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,the_youare,_the_mistakesy

9、ouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_yougoouttopaly.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while11.Ihurried_Iwouldntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.wh

10、ereD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoat_hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since15.Itis_thatwedliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday16.Maryhad_muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.s

11、uchB.soC.tooD.very17._Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif18._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As19._wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment20.Writetomeassoonasyou_toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got二

12、.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切,以至于学生都很喜欢她。MrsBrucewas_kindtoherstudents_theyall_herverymuch.2.只要我们竭尽全力,父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance_ _wetryourbest.3.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗?Willyoupleasecallme_yougettoShanghai.4.虽然她很忙,她还坚持自学英语。_,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.5.他长大后想当一名老师。Hewantsto

13、beateacher_.6如果人人为保护环境做出贡献,世界将会变得更美好。_toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.7.李明昨天没来上学,因为他病了。LiMingdidntcometoschool_.三,宾语从句1.宾语从句的连接词宾语从句是一种主从复合句,在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。根据宾语从句原先(做宾语之前)的句式,我们把宾语从句分为三类。1).宾语从句原先是陈述句的,由that连接。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:Hesaid.Hewantedtostaya

14、thome.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow.Sheisseriouslyill.Shedoesntknow_Iamsure.Hewillsucceed.Iamsure_.2).宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的,由其本身疑问词连接。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:Doyouknow?Who(whom)aretheywaitingfor?Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Cany

15、outellme?WhereistheNo.3busstop?_Idontknow.Whyisthetrainlate?_3).宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的,由if或whether。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:Iwanttoknow.Doeshelivethere?Iwanttoknowifhelivesthere?Heaskedme.WasthereabookstoreonCenterStreet?_2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句(主谓式)的语序。例如:Ihear(that)physicsisnteasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethis

16、schoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.3.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如:Idontthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmeth

17、athewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如:OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.1Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whattheycanB.howtheycanC.howcantheyD.wh

18、atcanthey2Histeacher_he_brightand_hewasworthteaching.A.didntthink;was;thatB.thoughtwas;whetherC.didntthink;was;D.thought;wasnt;3_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。1.引导词1从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether。在whetherornot结

19、构中不能用if替换。3从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他2.判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况。2主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意;描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesun_round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are2Ibelievethatourteam_thebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.wins3Idontknow_tovisi

20、ttheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who3.宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外:(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略(2)and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.(3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。IhearditsaidthathehadgoneabroadWefounditimpossiblethathecouldfinishitinsuchashortt

21、ime2.Whether,if引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:(1)whether从句中有ornot(2)介词后用whether.Eerythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus3宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序False:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.Right:Heiswondering_finishthisdifficultjob.4带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。即否定前移。F:IthinkhedoesntliketheEnglishteacher.T:I_thinkhe_t

22、heEnglishteacher.5.主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态;即主过从过。False:Hewantedtoknowwhyheiscryinginthecorner.Right:Hewantedtoknow_cryinginthecorner.1.Idontknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,IlltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.w

23、hetherhellcome3.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.heliv

24、esB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstocki

25、ngsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Icantunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?Couldyoutellus_Mr.Brown_livinginChina?2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”hea

26、skedme.Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either._Jim_Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_thetrain_.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.They_gohome_theyhadfinishedtheirhomework6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstokn

27、ow_Peter_hereyesterday.四,形容词和副词比较等级:形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。1.同级比较时常常用asas以及notso(as)as如:Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.2.可以修饰比较级的词有:much,many,alot,even,abit,alittle3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the+比较级the+比较级”句型。如:Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比较级

28、来表达最高级的意思。如:Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下2种句型:Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours.副词比较级基本用法。副词的比较等级形式与变化与形容词大致相同,以后缀-ly结尾的比较级和最高级大多在前面加more和most(1)原级。As+adj./adv.原级+as和一样。(2)比较级。Adj./adv.比较级+than比更(3)最高级。三者或三者以上比较时,常用the+adj./adv.最高级+in/of(比较范围)副词

29、最高级前可以省略the*否定比较级可用less+adj./adv.原级+than.*同级比较中第一个as前面用序数词或量词修饰,可表示倍数关系。*形容词和副词比较级前用muchalot等修饰,表示不同程度。*借助other、else或否定词,比较级形式可用来表示最高级概念。(4)the+比较级,the+比较级。表示越越(5)比较级+and+比较级。表示越来越1. 原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。asas,notas/soas.注意:notas/soas=lessthan不及;不如.less+原形,否定的比较级.eg.Thisbookisntasinterestingasthatone=Thisb

30、ookis_thatone.=Thatbookis_thisone.2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)Whichis_useful,thisoneorthatone?哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in,of短语连用)1)Shanghaiisthe_(big)cityinChina.2)Heruns_(fast)inourclass.3)Heisthe_(tall)ofthethreeboys.4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”lazierandlazier越来越懒.注意:多音节词用此结构时应为mor

31、eandmore+(形、副).moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮2)“the比较级,the比较级”“越,越,”_youare,_youwillget.你越懒,收获越少。注意:the后是用形容词还是副词。你越细心。Themore_youare.=Themore_youdo.3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较的一个”Lucyisthe_(young)ofthetwins.4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”Mybrotheris_thanme.(大两岁)5)表示“是几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+asas”Thisbook_as_asthatone.这本

32、书的价钱是那本书的两倍。Hehas_as_booksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别older/elder与farther/furtherolder(年龄较老的)elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)eg.My_brotheris_thanme.farther(指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”) Hewentabroadfor_studies.Beijingis_fromourhometownthanChongqing.1. 比较级前用alittle一点儿;much/aloteven/still,表示“得多;更.1)alittlebigger大一点儿2

33、)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重 但注意:不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。这些词用在原形前。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;than后的词应与主语是The同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that;those;one;ones。Myhairislongerthan_(she)Thesilkorwoolenscarvesfeelsofterthan_madeofcotton3.个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“anyother+单数名词”来进行比较。1)Bettyisclevererthananystudentinherclass()正:Bett

34、yisclevererthan_studentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan(_)_studentsinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan_inherclass.=_iscleverthanBetty.=Bettyisthe_inherclass.2)Chinaisbiggerthan_inAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3)Chinaisbiggerthan_inAsia.中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.()(allhersisters已排除了Mary)改:Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.5.表示“第二、第三”时,可在最高级前加“second,third

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