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1、Unit11. Whats the matter?此句常用于医护人员询问病情,意为“怎么了?”,常与prep. with连用,类似的问句还包括:Whats wrong (with sb.)? Whats your/his/hertrouble? Whats the trouble/matter with you/him/her? 2. (p1)She and didnt drink enough water. enough adj. 足够的 We have time enough (enough time) to do it.我们有足够的时间做这件事。这里的enough既可以放在名词前突出强调
2、enough,也可以放在名词后强调被修饰名词。adv.足够地,充分地 The clothes are cheap enough.【修饰形容词】/ He cant walk fast enough.【修饰副词】/ Did you play enough in Fanta Wild amusement park last weekend?昨天在方特乐园玩够了没?【修饰动词】 注意enough都要放在被修饰词后面。 *经典例句 The girl isnt old enough to go to school.这个女孩还不到年龄上学。=The girl is so young that she can
3、t go to school.= She is so young a girl that she cant go to school.= She is such a young girl that she cant go to school.= She is too young to go to school.too(adj./adv.) to(do sth.) 意思为太以至于不能做什么 关于sothat suchthat句型到了Unit4再讲英语句型需要牢记意思,掌握结构。统一举动的积累主要应对句子填空,同义句转换以及写作时在想不到相关表达时能够找出句子替换。3. (p2)My head f
4、eels very hot. feel同be动词一样,同属于系动词,【feel当人作主语时,意为(人)觉得 e.g. Sb.feels cold/comfortable 当物作主语时,意为摸起来、引起的感受】除了主谓宾结构,主系表结构也是英语句子五种基本类型之一。4. What should I do? Should I.? Should I.? 一、should 是情态动词shall的过去式,e.g. I said, “I shall be there before 10 oclock.”将该直接引语转变为间接引语后shall变为should。但should很少这么用。二、should表示对
5、别人的一种委婉劝告式的建议,意为“应该”。如本单元例句中大部分属于此类。三、表示可能性、推测,意为“可能,应该会怎样怎样” there should be a teacher in the class at the moment.这时候在教室应该有老师。四、表示惊讶、遗憾等情绪,意为“竟然,怎么” How should you know that?你怎么会知道这事?5.(p2)You need to take breaks away from the computer. take breaks休息 =rest (v.)=have a rest(n.)=get some rest(n.)away
6、 from远离 The soldiers of PLA are away from home to fight against US. 解放军士兵们远离家园去打美国。He should get away from避免、远离 smoking 6. (p2) I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 以同样的方式 way是个百搭的重点词 意思包括 路;方法、手段、式样;程度on ones/the way home 在回家路上 in this way 这么做 in a adj. way XX地(方式)如课文例子 in a way=in on
7、e way在某种程度上,从某种意义上说in the way 妨碍、挡道 in some way(s) 在某(些)方面,在某种程度上by way of通过方式 by the way 顺便说一句【口语,听力常听到】 without 后面跟v-ing. 因为without是prep.7. (p2)go to a doctor. 去看医生=see a doctor=go to the doctors doc. 是医生、博士的简写 固定搭配go to the 人名(或职业)s 意为 到家 到的店e.g. grocers食品杂货店 barbers理发店 Mr. Greens-注意区分the Greens格
8、林一家人8. (p3) bus No.26 was going along XX when the driver sawlying 这里涉及Unit4的过去进行时的用法saw 是see 的过去式 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事e.g. When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做过某事e.g. I often see him draw a picture.9. (p3)The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Pengwithout think
9、ing twice. 这里的24-year-old Wang Peng是作为bus driver的同位语,用以补充说明主语bus driver的身份。 think twice三思,反复思量 如果到了高中或者大学阶段还会学习without a second thoughts,这两个意思是相等的。Tips:这里涉及到中英文思维内涵中一点有意思的文化信息。我们说三思而后行,而英美国家的人都只愿意思考两次(twice=two times两次 second第二个)。越往高阶就越不能轻易地望文生义,用中式思维去思量英语的表达了,所以现在多背记些短语和句型是很有必要的,如果要更好地达到沟通交流的程度则要积累
10、谚语、俚语、俗语。10. (p3)to his surprise 令他感到惊讶的是 “to+ones+情感类名词”结构在句中常用作插入语,表示说话人的态度、观点等。一般位于句首,并用逗号将其与句子的主干部分分隔开,其作用相当于结果状语,句子的主干部分是引起这一结果的原因。同学们若能在书面表达中适当运用这一结构,可以增强文章的感染力,给考试加分。e.g.Tomysurprise,Iwasthefirstonetocometotheclassroomthis morning.使我感到惊讶的是,今天早上我是第一个来到教室的。Tohisparentsdisappointment,hefailedint
11、heexam.令他父母失望的是,他没有通过这次考试。 11. (p3) think about himself (p4)Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?反身代词初步小结 一、形式人称pron.(主格)人称pron.(宾格)形容词性pron.反身pron.Imymyselfyou(单数)youryourselfhehimhishimselfsheherherherselfitititsitselfweourourselvesyou(复数)youryourselvestheythemthemselvesTips:看电影的时候会听到某些角色的台词说成hiss
12、elf,这样做的目的是想把所有反身代词的规则统一处理成形容词性物主代词加self的模式,但这属于非规范口语,一般是一些受教育程度不高的角色,在国外也能通用,但在考试的时候就不要写错了。二、用法1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末):The house itself is beautiful. Mrs.Wang herself is a doctor. Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Take good care of your
13、self. 好好照顾你自己。She talked to herself自言自语 in her bedroom yesterday afternoon.3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。Tom doesnt feel himself today. 汤姆今天感到不适。playing soccer 属于高中的语法,即现在分词做实际安装于,相当于when he played soccer,现在不要求必须掌握。12. (p5) Someone felt sick. felt 是feel的过去式,f
14、eel sick=feel ill但是我们可以说a sick boy,不能说an ill boy. 在英语中不是所有形容词都能做定语的,ill就只能做表语。13. (p5) had a nosebleed. nose鼻子+bleed流血v. =鼻出血n.have可以用get 替换14. (p5) got hit on the head 注意prep.与身体器官n.搭配 用on的时候要具体到脸上的某个部位,或身体部分的表面。如打在鼻子上就是on the nose,打在背上on the back。用in的时候是泛指脸上(以及可凹陷的器官),hit me in the mouth/eye/face/
15、stomach15. (p5)put a bandage n.绷带 on it (p6) bandage v.包扎 himself16. (p6)who is interested in mountain climbing(动名词)be interested in=take an interest in 对感兴趣 【引申】feel/show (no, not much, a great)interest in 对不(不太,非常)感兴趣很多英语的短语可以适当增加一些adj. adv.修饰语让表达更精确,使文采熠熠生辉。17. (p6)As a mountain climber【*读音发作kla
16、m(r)】,Aron is used to taking risks. As是个重要的prep. conj.,这里的意思是作为;be used to doing sth.习惯做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常,曾经做过某事 take risks固定搭配,意为冒险。18. (p6) found himself in a very dangerous situation该短语可以等价于in danger或者at risk,意为处在危险中19. (p6), and of being in control of ones life prep. of 后面跟v.-ing be in con
17、trol of 掌握,控制 be in the control of Alibaba is in the control of Jack Ma.20. (p6)His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on 不要以为作者写错了,把his当做了主语,也不要想当然认为love只能to do sth. 或doing sth. his love(n.) for sth. 他对的爱 英语中用名词短语取代动词+不定式/现在分词的形式以求行文简便 e.g. ones passion酷爱/fever狂热/eagerness渴望 for st
18、h. 本句的so that 可译为太以至于sb. keep doing sth. 持续做某事(不间断地做) sb. keep on doing sth. 持续(来回反复地做)keep sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事)21. (p6) sb./sth. run out of(vt.) sth. 用完某物 sth. run out(vi.) 某物耗尽 Unit21.(p9)Language Goal:Offer help(提供帮助) 提供某物给某人的区别: offer sth. to sb.offer sb. sth. 宾语侧重于抽象名词,表示主动给予supply sth.
19、 for/to sb.supply sb. with sth. 宾语侧重于供应物资provide sth for sbprovide sb with sth; 宾语侧重于提供的物资以备日后需要,表示客观需要2.(p9)give out food at the food bank 散发,分发 = hand out3.(p10)We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-up Day. 提出,想出 A group of students are planning a City Park Clean-up Day v.做计划Im ma
20、king some plans to 4.(p10)what did they ask you to help out with?help sb. out 帮助解决困难 help sb. With sth. 在某事情上帮助某人 (p11)it can help him to get his future dream job理想的工作、梦想的职业 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 主语:they 谓语:ask 宾语:you 宾语补足语(语法书会简称宾补,即补充说明作用):(to do sth.) 其中with 后面连接的宾语是w
21、hat. (切记:介词后面也是会有宾语的)该句是研究句子成分的典型例句,有能力自学的请体会一下5.(p10)things like reading the newspaper like做介词,意为“比如,例如,像这样一些事” 后面跟动名词形式的reading做宾语6.(p10)a lot of people are lonely.注意:lonely和alone的区别alone adv. 单独;独自 He went home alone. When her father died, she lived alone. adv. 仅仅;只有 The people, and the people al
22、one, are the motive force in the making of world history. 人民,只有人民,才是创造历史的动力。 adj. 单独的 He is alone. 他独自一人。 lonely adj. 孤单的 词缀-ly具有某性质的in the specified manner 比较级: lonelier 最高级: loneliest She was alone, so she often felt lonely. 7.(p10)I mean, were all going to be old one day,too.I mean 常用语口语,意为我的意思是,
23、我是说one day 既可以指过去的某一天,也可以指将来有一天。意即可以用于一般过去式和一般将来时(如本例句)。8.(p11) how to care for animals. =take care of 照料,照顾care for 还可以表示把某人某事放在心上,引申义喜欢;介意、在乎 I dont care for art.我不爱好艺术.Would you care for another helping?你还介意得到帮助吗?care for animals 着重于把小动物放在心上,从问寒问暖、关注成长的角度对其给予照顾、呵护;take care of animals 着重于承担的义务和责任
24、,从物质供给到精神安慰对其进行抚养.9.(p12,p13,p16)动词短语总结 见课本 10.(p14)discuss this with a partner 讨论、论述、辩论近义词:argue, debate discuss with sb. (about sth.) 11.(p11,p14) book lover animal helper(用名词修饰名词)-er结尾的后缀表示的人。12.(p14) this group was set up to help disabled people like meset up在这里的意思是安排、设立(组织、机构etc.)13.You helped
25、to make it possible for me toit叫形式宾语.其实make后面应该是to do,但是因为英语里面这样表达会有头重脚轻的感觉,就把to do放到后面了,it是形式宾语,就是指to do.类似情况: I find it +adj.+to do I find (that)it is difficult to learn English. 它是主语-谓语-宾语+宾补的句型.I find 是主语、谓语,后面是宾语 it (形式宾语,实际宾语是后面的不定式to learn English),再后面是宾语补足语 difficult .换句话说,如果不用 it 作形式宾语,句子就变
26、成了:I find 【to learn English(宾语)】difficult 【宾补】.Tips: 初中英语教材中共出现近500个词组,一部分为常用词组,要求能熟练运用。英语的学习本身就是不断的积累,尤其要注意词组(介词词组和动词短语)的积累。对固定词组的意义,切不可望文生义。例如,动词look愿意为“看”,但look after意为“照料”、look up (a word in a dictionary)意为“(在词典中)查找(单词)”。要十分注意固定词组中冠词的使用。有时冠词可引起词义的变化,e.g. go the school意为“上学”,而go to the school意为“到
27、学校里去”;in control of意为“控制”,而in the control of sb.意为“由控制、管理”(参见Unit1)。有些词组中须用冠词,而另一些则不用。e.g. in the evening,at night, last weekend。有的动词后面带有宾语,有些则不需要,e.g. ask sb. to do sth. volunteer to do sth.(自告奋勇做某事)Unit31. (p17)take out the rubbish【英国英语BrE】=empty the trash【美国英语AmE】倒垃圾 平时可以稍微积累英国英语和美国英语表达的不同之处 e.g.
28、 favourite(BrE)/favorite(AmE) centre(BrE)/center(AmE) 个人意见,在口语及书面表达时候尽量统一用一种规范,虽然随着时代进步两者的边界正在消弭,但在雅思写作和口语时比较忌讳出现美国英语的痕迹,一些单词拼写上的错误习惯会让考官认为你是个不合格的English learner。2. (p17)do the dishes (do-did) take out the rubbish (take-took)fold your clothes(fold-folded) sweep the floor (sweep-swept)Make your bed(m
29、ake-made) clean the living room(clean-cleaned)平时学习要注重对不规则动词的过去式【将来学到完成时态还要掌握过去分词】的积累,还要注意规则变形中几种类别的细微差别(拼写和读音【主要担心你们听力方面会有阻碍】方面)。仅举几例,希望这些东西不太明白的要在自己的课本上多做些标注,见多了其实也就会了。make 和 do 用法总结 make强调动作的结果,宾语通常为产品、成果;而do强调动作过程本身,宾语通常为任务、工作Make: a promise, a speech, trouble, ones【包括形容词性物主代词,以及某人的】/the bed, a m
30、istake, money, a living, a plan, friendsDo: homework, some reading/painting(v-ing), a good job, the dishes, (the)chores, ones best, harm/good(这里的harm和good意为坏处和好处) to, the laundry (To be continued.未完待续)3. 【单元重点】could的用法初步介绍一、 表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was six. 在肯定句中表示是抽象的、一般的能力。*与 be able to(有能力做某事
31、)的比较 (1) 语法层面 could 只能表示一般过去式一种时态,be able to可以有不同时态变形 (2)语义层面 在肯定句中,be able to 可以表示抽象的、一般的能力,也能表示具体的事情 e.g. I was able to catch the train last weekend. 但在否定句中,couldnt 也能使用 I wasnt able to/couldnt catch the train二、 表示委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法(1) Could you please clean your room? could可替换成Would,表意愿 答语集锦: Yes,sur
32、e./Yes, I will./ No problem./ Of course./With pleasure./Im glad to./Certainly. Sorry, I cant, because(2) Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer today.恐怕我今天不能给你一个答复。 The teacher said you could go to the stationery shop for pencils. 老师说你可以去文具店买铅笔【这件事发生在过去,设计间接引语的用法】三、 表示允许Could I have a look at your n
33、ew iPhone?-Yes, you can. *因为could含有一种猜测的语气,所以在给出回答后成与不成都必须用can或cant。could 可以替换成can/may-用may问,用may答 He asked whether he could take the magazine out of the reading room.四、 can的基本用法 表示能力,同be able to 见could用法第一条表可能性,意为“可能”,常用于疑问句/否定句 She cant be in the classroom.表请求或允许,意为“可以、能够”,见could用法第三条表示惊异、怀疑等语气,常用
34、于疑问句/否定句,意为“会、可能”This/That cant be true.发出邀请 Can you come to my party?你能来参加我的聚会吗? Will you come to my party?你会来? Would you like to come to my party?你愿意来? How/What about coming to my party? 表示接受的答语:Yes,its very kind of you. That sounds great! Yes,Id love to. Sure.What time?表示拒绝的答语:Im sorry, I cant. I
35、m sorry, but I have to/ Im doing sth. Maybe another time. Thanks for asking but Id love to, but I wish I could come, but4. (p18)-Could I use your computer?-Im going to work on it now.it代指computer, 而且这里隐藏着短语on the computer。一般来说,on the computer指的是用电脑工作,办事之类的意思。类似短语 talk on the phone 打电话5. (p18)Could I
36、 at least finish watching this show? finish doing sth.结束做某事 6. (p18)She wont be happy if she sees this mess (if引导的条件状语从句,意为如果、加入 主句用一般将来时*这里的wont就是will not 的缩写;从句用一般现在时) 7. (p18)But the house is already pretty clean and tidy! 这里的pretty不是一个adj. 而是adv. 意为颇为,相当。clean and tidy往往在一起连用,意即干净整洁。8. (p19)The
37、minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 可替换为the moment, 一就 意为我一坐在电视机前,妈妈就走过来。=My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. as soon as 一就9. (p19) take the dog for a walk 遛狗,带着狗散步 类似短语 go for a walk 散步10. (p19)Neither of us did any housework for a week.=she did not do any
38、 housework and neither did I.【both/ either / neither】三者都是在谈到两个人或东西时用的。可用作代词、形容词、连词。一、作代词时:both “两者都”; either “两者中任何一个”;neither “两者中任何一个都不”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,可作同位语。而either 和 neither 则用单数形式,不可作同位语。如: Both of us are students. Either of you can do it. Neither of the answerws is right. 两个答案都不对。 They both sk
39、ate well. 他们两人都会滑冰。二、作形容词时:both 修饰名词的复数形式。Neither 和 either修饰名词的单数形式。如: Neither film is very long.两部电影都不长。 You may use either pen. 你可用这两支笔中的任何一支。 Both umbrellas are blue. 两支雨伞都是蓝色的。三、 作连词时: neither 与nor 连用,“既不也不”; either 和 or 连用:“或是或是” “要么要么”连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。而both 却与and 相连。连接主语时谓语动词用复数。如: Neither J
40、ack nor Rose have seen the film Titanic. 杰克和露丝都没看过泰坦尼克号这部影片。 Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是你错。 Both John and Mike are good at swimming. 约翰和麦克都擅长游泳。四、neither或nor当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语。e.g. He doesnt go to school by bike.Neither / Nor do I
41、. 所以他们两个没有区别,只是neither在正式语体中使用更加普遍11.(p19)Im just as tired as you are!=Youre tired, but Im tired,too.as adj./adv. as 与一样12. (p20)that should be OK. should表示可能性,意为“应该会”13. (p23,p24)短语及句型总结 见课本Unit41. (p25)Why dont you talk to your parents?why dont you和Why not这两个句式,在表达“建议”时,是一样的意思。即“(你)为什么不做.?”,或“(你)应
42、该做.”e.g. Why dont you turn to the reference book?= Why not turn to the reference book?“(你)为什么不看参考书呢?”也就是“你应该看一下参考书。”表示建议我们还学过What/How about doing sth.?e.g.What/How about going shopping on Sunday? 周末去逛街怎么样?区别:1、why not.?就是why dont you.?的缩略形式,why dont you .?属于正式用语而why not通常用于口语。2、 从结构上来看,Why dont+主语+v
43、. 可以变化主语及时态,e.g.过去式why didnt,完成式 why havent 等;而why not+v. 则没有多余变化且v.前没有其他成分。3、 Why not?可以独立成句,但Why dont不可以。4、 Why dont you do还可以作为一个疑问句使用,提出疑问。e.g.Why didnt you see the football match?2. (p25)Are you serious or not?引导含有or not的宾语从句时只能用whether 不能用ife.g. Nobody knew(know的过去式) whether he could pass the
44、exam or not./ whether or not he could pass the exam.关于宾语从句,就是类似一件用很长串的句子才能说完的一件事,这件事就做了谓语(有时候会是prep.)后面的宾语。切记宾语从句要保证陈述语序。(即不会像疑问句那样助动词、be动词、情态动词提前到主语和谓语之前) 初中阶段还需要了解的一点是常用的宾语从句有三类连接词,第一类只有一个that,无实际意义,与句意本身不相关,就是一个纯粹的酱油;第二类就有if/whether,意为是否;第三类被称为连接代词、连接副词,包括what,which,whose,who,when,why,how,where e
45、tc.whetheror 引导让步状语从句 不管还是e.g.Whether or not you believe it, Whether you believe it or not=believe it or nor 口语信不信由你To be or not to be; that is the question. 生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题-Hamlet, Shakespeare 3. (p25)have too much homework adj.太多的 修饰不可数名词 近义词too many修饰可数名词 too much还可以做adv. She talks too much.mu
46、ch too的用法比较简单,只用作副词作状语,但它不单独使用,在句子中要修饰形容词或副词,但不修饰动词。如:Its much too cold. 天气实在太冷了。You are driving much too fast. 你开车太快了。4. (p25)hang out (with sb.) (与某人)闲逛(p27)hang over 笼罩在上The suit has to hang over.(vi.)被延期,暂时耽搁5. (p25)get into(强调动作)/have(强调状态) a fight with sb.6. (p25)I studied until midnight. until加时间点,表示到为止,在之前。也可以构成notuntil句型,表示直到才。7. (p26)take him to the ball game. 带他去看球赛 人称代词的宾格形态总结人称pron.主格人称pron.宾格第一人称单数Ime第一人称复数weus第二人称单复数youyou第三人