《逻辑词汇专题优秀PPT.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《逻辑词汇专题优秀PPT.ppt(38页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、逻辑词汇专题第一页,本课件共有38页转折关系(精选转折关系(精选6个)个)第二页,本课件共有38页转折关系转折关系基本用法,类同but:However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebodysvitaminmeets.(1996)However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetition(2003)However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell(2005)插入语用法,值得关注:Thisvi
2、ew,however,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.(1998-47)Itisgenerallyrecognized,however,thattheintroductionofthecomputerradicallychangedtheprocess.(2002-29)Alltheories,however,aretentativeandsubjecttocriticism.(2004)Ontheissueoffreedomofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,however,therewaslessagreementamongthe
3、leadership.(2007-8)Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthethoughtofwhatheisabouttodo.(2008)Thesefacts,however,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.(2008-14)howeveradv.无论如何;不管怎样conj.然而;可是第三页,本课件共有38页yetadv.还;但是;已经conj.但是;然而转折关系转折关系副词副词adv.1.还,尚,仍然Hecantdriveyet.他还不会开车。Thejobisnotyetfinished.这工作还没做完。Goatoncewh
4、ilethereisyettime.趁着还有时间,马上去。Ihaveyettofindoutthetruth.我还得去了解真相。2.已经Havethechildrencomehomeyet?孩子们已经回家了吗?Thisisthebiggestlakeyetdiscovered.这是迄今为止所发现的最大湖。3.甚至,更Youmustworkharderyet.你必须更努力些。Themostsevereweatherisyettocome.最冷的天气还在后头呢。然而,但是Shesafunnygirl,yetyoucanthelplikingher.她很滑稽,但你禁不住会喜欢她。Theboyisso
5、fatandyetherunsveryfast.这男孩很胖,但却跑得很快。Heisveryold,yetheisquitestrong.他虽然年纪很大了,但还很强壮。Helivesalone,yetheishappy.他虽然独自生活,但却很愉快。Yetmuchhadhappenedbetween.(2002)但中间也发生了很多。连接词连接词conj.第四页,本课件共有38页转折关系转折关系whereasconj.1.然而,但是,尽管;2.既然,有鉴于用于正式公文1.然而,但是,尽管;Somepraisehim,whereasotherscondemnhim.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。She
6、isslender,whereasheisstout.她很瘦弱,而他却又粗又壮。Mancancreatehisownenvironmentwhereasanimalsadapttotheirenvironment.人能创造他自己的环境,而动物只能适应环境。2.既然,有鉴于用于正式公文Whereasthefollowingincidentshaveoccurred鉴于下列事实已经发生,第五页,本课件共有38页neverthelessadv.仍然,不过,然而;尽管如此conj.然而,不过:转折关系转折关系副词副词adv.仍然,然而,不过Whatyousaidwastruebutneverthele
7、ssunkind.你所说的都对,不过有点不客气。连接词连接词conj.然而,不过Thecoptoldthemtoclearout,neverthelesstheyseemednottohear.警察让他们离开,可他们就好像没听见一样动也不动。NeverthelessIstillfeelthattheteamcouldbenefitfromanewplayer.然而我仍然感觉队可以来自一个新的运动员的利益。Nevertheless,dangertobodyandlifeoftheoperatororthirdpersonsmayoccur.然而,对操作员或第三者的身体和生命的危害也可能发生。Ma
8、nypeople,nevertheless,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”(1996-50)第六页,本课件共有38页otherwiseadj.别的,不同的,另外的;其他方面的adv.否则;另外;在其他方面conj.否则;要不然转折关系转折关系副词副词adv.1.用别的方法,不同地Hesaysitsgenuine,butwethinkotherwise.他说这是真的,但我们不这样认为。2.在其他方面;除此以外Thesoupwascold,butitwasotherwiseanexcellentmeal.除了汤是凉的以外,那顿饭菜是很好的。连接词连接词conj.否则;要
9、不然Youdbettergonow,otherwiseyoullmissthetrain.你最好现在就走,要不然就赶不上火车了。第七页,本课件共有38页stilln.寂静;剧照;蒸馏室vt.蒸馏;使静止;使平静下来vi.静止;平静;蒸馏adj.静止的,不动的;寂静的,平静的;不起泡的adv.仍然;更;静止地conj.仍然;但是;尽管如此转折关系转折关系conj.可是,但是,然而,虽然这样:Itwasfutile,stilltheyfought.明知不可能获胜,他们还是进行了拼争。adv.还,尚:Ishestillhere?他还在这儿吗?仍,至今还;迄今为止:Adaybeforedepartur
10、ewewerestilllackinganitinerary.就在临行的前一天,我们还没制定出旅行计划。仍然,依然:whenEnglandwasstillacompletelyagriculturalcountry(1998)还要,甚至要:stillmorecomplaints更多的抱怨stillgreaterriches更大的财富还有:Tomorrowisstilltocome.明天过后总还有明天。静静地;静止不动地:Standstill!第八页,本课件共有38页butPatienceisbitter,butitsfruitissweet.onthecontraryIthoughthewas
11、ateacher,onthecontrary,hewasastudent.其它:其它:转折关系转折关系第九页,本课件共有38页让步关系(精选让步关系(精选3个)个)*补充介绍补充介绍“表让步意义的介词表让步意义的介词”第十页,本课件共有38页让步关系让步关系althoughconj.1.虽然,尽管2.用于主句后,引出补充说明然而虽然,尽管Althoughitwassocold,hewentoutwithoutanovercoat.尽管天气很冷,但他还是没有穿大衣就出去了。Itisgenerallyrecognized,however,thattheintroductionofthecomput
12、erradicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent.(2002-31)Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,althoughadirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.(2004-40)Althoughthefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter(2006-7)用于
13、主句后,引出补充说明然而Ourcarisoldalthoughitstillrunswell.我们的车旧了,然而却很好开。第十一页,本课件共有38页thoughadv.可是,虽然;不过;然而conj.1.虽然,尽管;2.(用于主句后,引出补充说明,使语气变弱)不过,可是,然而连接词连接词conj.1.(最常见,表让步的从属连词)虽然;尽管;即使Thoughhesfool,Ilikehimnonetheless.虽然他很笨,我仍然喜欢他。Itsquitepleasanttoday,thoughthewindisrathercool.尽管风有点凉,今天天气还是很不错的。2.(用于主句后,引出补充说
14、明,使语气变弱)不过,可是,然而Theyreverydifferent,thoughtheydidseemtogetonwellwhentheymet.他们大不相同,可是见面后好像还确实相处得不错.Hellprobablysayno,thoughitsworthasking.他很可能会拒绝,不过问一下有益无害.让步关系让步关系副词副词adv.(尤用于句末补充说明,使语气减弱)不过,可是,然而Ourteamlost.Itwasagoodgamethough.我们队输了,可是也不失为一场很好的比赛.Infact,though,weareextremelysensitivetosmells.(200
15、5-5,表转折的连接副词)第十二页,本课件共有38页whilen.(一段)时间vt.1.消磨,打发(时间);2.(愉快而懒散地)度过(时间)(常与away连用)conj.1.在期间,当的时候;与同时2.虽然,尽管3.而,然而1.引导时间状语从句,意为“当的时候;和同时”Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitivewhileavoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens.(1997-8)2.表示让步,通常位于句首,意为“尽管;虽然”WhileIagreewithyourreaso
16、ns,Icantallowit.尽管我同意你的理由,但我不能允许这样做。WhilemostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicismastheofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendtheexclusionofotherfaiths.(2007-12)3.表示对比或转折,意为“而;然而”。此时,while一般位于句中(While作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表对比;而but表转折)Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaventenough.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。Youlik
17、esports,whileIprefermusic.你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。4.表示条件,意为“只要”,相当于aslongas。while可位于句首,也可位于句中Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.只要有空气和水,就有生命。Whilethereislife,thereishope.留得生命在,不怕没希望。第十三页,本课件共有38页让步关系让步关系despite是一个介词,它后面加名词词组;although是一个连词,它后面加句子尽管他很忙,他还是来了车站迎接我们。误:Despitehewasbusy,hecametothestationtomeet
18、us.正:Despitehebeingbusy,hecametothestationtomeetus.正:Despitethefactthathewasbusy,hecametothestationtomeetus.despite(尽管)是介词,不是连词,所以不能用来引导句子,若其后要跟that从句,需插入thefact。尽管有病,他还是来开会了。误:Hecametothemeetingdespiteofhisillness.正:Hecametothemeetinginspiteofhisillness.despite(尽管)本身是介词,注意不要受inspiteof(尽管)的影响,而误用des
19、piteof(偶尔可见此用法,但因多数语言学家反对这一用法,建议学生避免使用)。尽管我的资历很好,但我还是找不到工作。误:Despitemyqualifications,butIcouldntgetajob.正:Despitemyqualifications,Icouldntgetajob.despite(尽管)是介词,由此引出的是介词短语,注意不要按汉语意思将其与but连用。关于关于despite/despiteof/inspiteof的一点说明:的一点说明:Despite用作介词时,与inspiteof同义,都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意,但程度有所不同。一般说来,inspiteo
20、f的语气较强,使用范围也较广;despite的语气较弱,多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite可以写作despiteof,也可以写作indespiteof。第十四页,本课件共有38页其它:其它:让步关系让步关系eventhough/evenifadv.表让步Eventhoughitshardwork,Ienjoyit.evensoconj.表让步Itsraining.Evenso,wehavetogoout.介词后接名词/动名词。表示“让步”的介词介词除了以外inspiteof/despite,还有regardlessof,notwithstanding等,它们所构成的介词短语在意义上相当于
21、由although/though所引起的让步状语从句。regardlessofTheplanewilltakeoff,regardlessoftheweather.notwithstandingNotwithstandinganyotheragreements,wewillmakeanewcontractwiththefirm第十五页,本课件共有38页因果关系(精选因果关系(精选5个)个)第十六页,本课件共有38页becauseconj.1.因为,由于2.引导名词从句,相当于that或thefactthat这一事实,这一点原因,原因是因果关系因果关系1.因为,由于Theboywasalways
22、latebecauseittooksolongtogetdressed.这个男孩因花太长时间穿衣服总是迟到。Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements.(1996)Becausetheyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-conscious.(2003-24)Childrenengageincriminalbehaviorbecausetheyweren
23、otsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeeds.(2004-22)Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenes(2005)2.引导名词从句,相当于that或thefactthatThereasonIamhereisbecauseIwanttoaskforyourhelp.我之所以到这儿来是想寻求你的帮助。第十七页,本课件共有38页Thusthequestionwasfinallysettled.这个问题最终就这样解决了。Youwillthusobtainthreelayers.你将因此获得三个层次。Manypeop
24、lebelieveinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.(1996)thusn.乳香adv.因此;从而;这样;如此conj.因此因果关系因果关系第十八页,本课件共有38页因果关系因果关系henceadv.因此,所以,由此;从现在起,从此,从这时起因此,所以,由此Itshandmadeandhenceexpensive.这是手工做的,因此很贵。Hence,thereisanimprovementinthecycleefficiency.因此,在循环效率上这是一个改进。Andhencetheyallowtheiremployeestimeto
25、getoverthemostsevereearlystagesofalongtermrelationshipbreakup.因此,在一段长期恋爱关系破裂初期最难熬的时候,公司允许员工有一段时间来疗伤。Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(2000partC)在现代条件下,这需要程度不同的集中控制措施,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运
26、筹学等领域专家的协助。从现在起,从此,从这时起Thesportsmeetwillbeheldthreedayshence.运动会在三天后举行。第十九页,本课件共有38页因果关系因果关系sinceprep.自以来,从至今,自从;自以后adv.后来,此后;conj.因为;由于;既然;自以来;自以后介词介词prep.(表示时间)从以来;自从之后IhavelivedheresinceJanuary.自一月份以来,我一直住在这里。Hesbeenworkinginabanksinceleavingschool.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。连接词连接词conj.1.因为;既然;由于Sinceitis
27、lateIshallgohomenow.由于时间晚了,我现在要回家了。Sincethisisso,itsbettertoacceptit.既来之,则安之。Sinceyouaresosureofithellbelieveyou.既然你对此这么有把握,他会相信你的。2.常前接ever自从以来,以后,到现在SinceIleftcollege,Ihavenotseenhim.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了IhaveknownhimeversinceIwasachild.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。副词副词adv.从过去某时间以来以后,到现在Hedisappearedmanyyearssince.
28、他多年以前就不知去向。Herhusbanddied10yearsagobutshehassinceremarried.她丈夫十年前去世,但她后来又嫁人了。第二十页,本课件共有38页因果关系因果关系consequentlyadv.结果,因此,所以And,consequently,Markwasthebesthatedandmostcalumniatedmanofhistime.正因为这样,所以马克思是当代最遭嫉恨和最受诬蔑的人。Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,consequently,didwellinschool.她是个聪明好学的学生,因此学习成绩很好。Whom
29、,therefore,wealsolike,andWho,consequently,isgood.因此,我们也喜欢这位神,所以这位神是善的。Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome(2004-34)第二十一页,本课件共有38页其它:其它:thereforeIdontknowmuchaboutAmerica,therefore,Icantadviseyouaboutit.nowthatNow(that)D
30、avidsarrived,wecanbegin.sothatHespeaksloudlysothateveryoneintheroomcouldhearhim.onaccountofWehadtostayinsideonaccountoftherain.asaresultHeworkedveryhard,andasaresulthepassedthelastexaminationwithouteffort.asaresultofHewaskilledasaresultoftrafficaccident.accordinglyTherearetherules.Pleaseactaccording
31、ly.solongasYoucouldmakeitsolongasyouworkhard.soIwasfeelingbad,soIwenttobed.owingtoOwingtolackofmoney,thesetransactionsmustnowbedelayed.duetoHisfailurewasduetohislackofwork.thankstoThankstohishelp,shesucceededinhercareer.因果关系因果关系第二十二页,本课件共有38页举例关系(精选举例关系(精选3个)个)第二十三页,本课件共有38页suchas例如,比如;像那样的,诸如之类的举例关
32、系举例关系Wedislikepeoplesuchashim.我们不喜欢像他这号人。Teachersalwayslikestudentssuchasthese.老师们总是喜欢这样的学生。Hehassomestrangehobbiessuchascollectingbottles.他有一些奇怪的癖好比如说收集瓶子。ThegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcasessuchasthetrialofRosemaryWest.(2001-1)政府将禁止报界付钱给证人
33、,以收买像RosemaryWest审判案这般重大案件中的证人。Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptorsavailableforunfamiliarandemergencysignalssuchasthesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.(2005-20)大脑发现最好让气味感受器随时可以用于不熟悉和危险的信号,比如也许意味着有火灾的烟味。第二十四页,本课件共有38页举例关系举例关系forexample例如,譬如,举例来说Forexample:Whylive?例如:为什么生活?Youcantakeyo
34、urresearchworkforexample.你可以拿你的研究工作做个例子。Therearemanysourcesofairpollution;exhaustfumes,forexample.空气污染有许多来源,例如废气。Japan,forexample,hastwolanguages.譬如说,日本就有两种语言。itwouldbewisetoplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,forexample,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,displayi
35、ngstudentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.(2003-28)Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyaffectjuvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomy(2004)第二十五页,本课件共有38页举例关系举例关系forinstance例如,比如Wehavepeople,forinstance.比如,我们这儿有些人。Forinstance,someTVshowshavetoomuchviolenceandcrime.举例来说,有些电视节目有太多的
36、暴力和犯罪。Youcannotrelyonher;forinstance,shearrivedanhourlateforanimportantmeetingyesterday.她这人靠不住,例如昨天一个重要会议,她迟到了一个小时。Everycatwithanowner,forinstance,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.(2009-14)比如说,每只有主人的猫都在进行一个小规模的操作条件反射研究。第二十六页,本课件共有38页forexample(=forinstance)就把当成是插入语,句子结构不受到这个插入语的影响;suc
37、has可把他理解成一个介词的作用,介词后面接名词,动名词。Forexample,BBCbroadcastsEnglishprogramsforChinawithexplanationsinChinese.例如,BBC对中国广播的英语节目配有汉语解释。Englishisspokeninmanycountries,suchasAustraliaandCanada.许多国家都讲英语,例如澳大利亚和加拿大。(1)forexample用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。Ballgames,forexample,havespreadaround
38、theworld.例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal-alion,forexample?如果遇上野兽,例如狮子,你该怎么办?(2)suchas用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。Someoftherubbish,suchasfood,paperandiron,rotsawayoveralongperiodoftime.有些废物,如剩饭、废纸和废铁,时间一久就烂掉了。举例关系举例关系三者的关系三者的关系第二十七页,本课件共有38页acaseinpointThe
39、rearemanytouristattractionsinNanjing.Dr.SunYetsensMausoleumisacaseinpoint.asfollowsThereasonsareasfollows.asanillustrationHeisakindperson,asanillustration,heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.toillustrateToillustrate,Iwillgiveyoumanyexamples.其它:其它:举例关系举例关系第二十八页,本课件共有38页递进关系递进关系(精选精选6个个)第二十九页,本课件共有38页递进关系递进关系
40、inaddition/additionallyadv.另外,此外InadditionweMUSTfingerprintandphotographallnonUScitizens.对于所有非美籍公民者,必须采集指纹及照相。Shesaysthatinadditiontobringanimals,suchastigerandrhinos,tonearextinction,theillegaltradealsohurtsAfricanEconomics.她说野生动物非法交易,不仅使很多像老虎,犀牛等动物都濒临灭绝,而且也损害了非洲的经济。Inaddition,thefactoryalsoproduce
41、sconcretejet,acetylenecompressor,oxygencompressorandrefrigerationdryercontainerproducts,suchasstress.此外,本厂还生产混凝土喷射机、乙炔压缩机、氧压机和冷冻式干燥器等压力容器产品。AdditionallyIfeel,therestillisaveryimportantthinginthekitchenisdishwasher.另外我觉得,厨房里还有一件很重要的东西就是洗碗机。Additionally,useofvisitvisasforbusinesstravelerswillceaseanda
42、newclassofvisawillbecreatedforthatpurpose.此外,以进行商务活动为目的的访问签证将停止使用,同时一种新类型的签证将为此而设立。*inadditionto除以外,除之外还第三十页,本课件共有38页递进关系递进关系whatsmoreHeishandsome,andwhatsmore,heishumorous.moreoverThepriceistoohigh,andmoreover,thehouseisntinasuitableposition.furthermore/furtherThehouseistoosmall,andfurthermore,itst
43、oofarfromthecity.besides/alsoAqualifiedteachershouldhavegoodmanners.Beside,heshouldhaveextensiveknowledge.与inaddition相同的:第三十一页,本课件共有38页递进关系递进关系notonlybutalso不仅不仅.而且而且.Welikenotonlymusicbutalsoart.我们不但喜欢音乐,而且也喜欢艺术。Marketingtodayisamarketeconomyintheeraofmarketingtodeterminenotonlyproductionbutalsodis
44、tribution.在市场经济的今天是一个营销的时代,营销不仅要决定生产,而且决定分配。Ifyouridealandgoalarenotonlyrightbutalsodecisive,thenmaybeyoushouldadjustyourmentalitytofacethem.如果你的理想和目标是正确而又坚定的,那也许就要调整调整自己的心态,才能面对吧。第三十二页,本课件共有38页aswellThebooktellsaboutMarkTwainswritingsandabouthislifeaswell.likewiseYoumustpackwarmclothesforthejourney
45、.Likewise,youllneedplentyoffood.thatis(tosay)/inotherwordsYourperformanceintheexamdidntreachtherequiredstandard,thatis(tosay)/inotherwords,youfailed.equallyimportantTorunacompanysuccessfully,weshouldemployemployeeswithahighsenseofresponsibility,andequallyimportant,meeteveryneedofthecustomers.lastbut
46、notleastLastbutnotleast,Iappreciateallyourhelp.其它:其它:递进关系递进关系第三十三页,本课件共有38页选择关系选择关系(精选精选2个个)第三十四页,本课件共有38页Ourpurposeistoreformcriminalratherthanpunishthem.我们的目的是改造罪犯,而不是惩罚他们。Thebestloveforsomeoneisheartfulcareratherthanmoney.对一个人最好的爱是真诚的关心而不是金钱。Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,c
47、omputerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmelltelevision,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.(2001partc)ratherthan不是而是;与其说不如说选择关系选择关系第三十五页,本课件共有38页选择关系选择关系Youmaygohome.Alternatively,youcanstayhere.你可以回家,或者待这里。Alternativelywecouldmakeadirectattackbys
48、eaagainstJapansislandbarrierintheCentralandSouthPacific.另一种方案是,我们可以由海上直接攻打日本在太平洋中部和南部的岛屿堡垒。Eitheractionwillalsorestoreyourwindowstotheirpreviousstate.Alternatively,youcanswitchtoanotherworkspacetoseethedesktop.每个动作将也重建你的窗口到它们以前的状态。作为选择,你能开关另一工作空间去看桌面。alternativelyadv.非此即彼;二者择一地;作为一种选择地;要不,或者第三十六页,本课
49、件共有38页选择关系选择关系Heshouldinvitehisfriendshereinsteadofgoingout.他应该把朋友邀请到这儿来,而不是出去。?Hewishestoseemorenewprogramsinsteadofrepeatontelevision.他希望看到更多新的电视节目,而不是重播的节目。Wetakeclothbagstothegrocerystoreinsteadofusingpaperorplasticgrocerysacks.去杂货店购物,我们带着布袋,而不使用杂货店的纸袋或是塑料袋。Hemuststorealargequantityofgraininstea
50、dofconsumingallhisgrainimmediately.(2000-1)itdependsonlearningangradualprocessinsteadofinstinct.(2009)insteadofprep.代替;不是而是instead作副词,是“代替”、“顶替”的意思。如:Mr.Wangisill,Iwilltakehisclassinsteadinsteadof为介词短语,它后面可跟名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。如:(1)Iwillcleanthewindowinsteadofhim.(2)Wewillskateinsteadofplayingfootball.第