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1、最新整理，英语近义词辨析动词近义词：abandon, desert, quit1) abandon 的确切含义是失去控制，丧失了占有的能力或“放弃”某物，强调“完全，永远的遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物，如：she abandoned her child. 她遗弃了她的孩子。2) desert 表示抛弃自己的天职或应尽的义务，所指的不是把物扔掉，而是人走掉。Desert 的含义是“过去占有过”或“过去是伙伴”。狭义上讲，这个词指“抛弃自己的义务”，强调违背誓言，命令，责任，义务等。如： desert ones country 叛国；a deserted village 空无一
2、人的村庄；the deserted wife and children 被遗弃的妻子儿女3) quit 强调“突然弃去”，常指“停止”。如： she quitted her job. 她放弃了自己的工作。able, can1) able 可与情态动词（can除外）或助动词连用，而can则不能：例如：will you be able to come here tomorrow? He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. 2) able 接不定式是，只能接肯定的，主动的不定式，不能接被动的不
3、定式。需要时可以由can代替:例如：His voice was not able to be heard. (WRONG) His voice couldnt be heard. (RIGHT)3) 表示过去某个时间的能力时，不可用could, 应使用was (were) able to .bring, take, carry, fetch ,get1) bring 意为“带来”，方向是朝着说话人所在之处的，但有时bring表示的方向是朝着说话人所在之处的，但有时bring表示的方向也可以是朝向说话人曾经待过或将要去的地方；而take意为“带走”即将东西从说话者处拿走。2) carry意为随身
4、携带，方向不定。它还可以表示“运载（客，货物）”3) fetch意为“去拿来”，指到别处去取东西或找人然后带回来，由于fetch已含去某处之意，故不再和go连用。 Get 和fetch基本意同，但主要用于口语中。Get如与表示方向的词语连用，其方向随之变化4) fetch和bring 均含“到某处去拿来”之意，但fetch含有“专程去做”之意，bring则无此含义。如果距离较远时，一般用fetch。dress, be dressed, be in, have on, put on, wear1) dress vt. 指穿衣服的动作： 例如：The mother dressed the baby
5、 and took her to the park.2) be dressed in 穿着，指状态： 例如：She is always dressed in the red dress. 3) be in 穿着，指状态： 例如：The boy in sports suit is his brother. 4) have on 穿着，指状态； 例如：He has on a green overcoat today. 5) put on 穿上，指穿衣服的动作： 例如：Its raining now. Put on your raincoat.6) wear v. 穿着，指状态。还可指戴眼镜，手套，
6、手表，首饰等。例如：She is wearing his necklace.drill, practice, train, exercise1.)drill指反复机械地操练。 例如：They are having a fire drill. 2) practice指不断地反复实践： 例如：It takes a lot of practice to become a good swimmer. 3) train指针对某种目标得培训：例如：The soldiers got trained before they entered Macao. 4) exercise指锻炼身体或心智得练习： 例如：Y
7、ou should exercise more instead of constantly at home. drink,have,take1) drink指喝酒，茶，水，牛奶，汤等饮料。2) have在口语中常用来代替take和drink3) take用于饮茶，吃药，喝汤等。divide，separate1) divide指把整体自然的或有计划的分成几个部分：例如：The teacher divided the class into four groups. 2) separate指把原本各自独立但混在一起的东西分开: 例如：How can we separate oil from wate
8、r? die of, die from1) die of侧重于“由于内部原因而死亡“ 例如die of cold/a fever/age/feeling2) die from 侧重于“因外部原因而死亡“，但die of/from都可接具体得表示疾病的名称例如die from a wound/an accident/drinking desire，wish，want1) desire属正式用语，可代替wish和want,强调主观愿望得热切性，含有强烈希望做某事得意思。 例如：He got the book he desired. 2) wish的语气比desire弱，一般用于难以实现或不可能实现
9、的愿望，强调主观愿望，指希望，愿望，想 例如：I wish I could have a new cat. 3) want多用于口语式普通场合，指想要或需要，表示“较弱的偏爱，选择“或”强烈的需要，热爱“例如：I want a book: 我要一本书attend ,take part in1) attend主要指出席这一动作，强调听或看2) take part in指参加某项活动，并在其中起作用，例如： He attended the play. 他看过这部剧目。 He took part in the play. 他演过这部剧目。delay, postpone, put off1) dela
10、y指“暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行例如：The steamer is delayed by bad weather. 2) postpone是正式用语，语义较强，指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”，在大多数情况下，后面说明改在何时进行例如：The meeting has been postponed to Friday3) put off与postpone大致同义，但较口语化例如：Lets put this off till some other time. 我们还是把这搁一搁，以后再说吧。depend, rely1) depend表示相信某人或某物能给予或提供所需要或盼望的帮助或支持。例
11、如：His family depend on him.2) rely表示相信某人或某物会像人们所希望或期待得那样去做或给予所希望得到的东西：例如：Can we rely upon your help? You cant rely on the weather here. rise, arise, raise, arouse1) arise表示“出现，发生”相当于happen, appear,而rise无此义；表示“升起”，可与rise互换。2) rise “升起”还可表示“站起，上涨”3) raise则是及物动词，举起，扶起，提高4) arouse是及物动词，引起，唤醒。defeat, bea
12、t,win1) defeat“击败”，战败，指在竞争或斗争中打败对方，但不一定是最后得胜利，一般地指（希望，计划等）受挫或失败： 例如：They are always defeated but never beaten. Black was defeated in the election. 2) beat击败，打败，通常指在各种比赛中击败对手例如：We beat them by 3 points.3) win 获胜，赢得，指在赛场上或战争中获胜，或在竞赛中获奖例如：We won the football game yesterday. Two boys won the prize in th
13、e competition. ruin, damage, destroy1) ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏2) damage一般是部分损坏3) destroy指彻底的毁坏，摧毁sow；plant；grow1) sow意为“播、撒、播种、种”，其后跟（the）seeds或“植物（结成种状的）”。例如：Its time to sow wheat now . Dont sow the seeds of hatred 2) plant意为“栽、插、移植”，其后跟作物（多为苗状的）。例如：He plants rice fastest in the village The garden was pla
14、nted with Chinese roses 3) grow作及物动词时，意为“种植、培植”，后接宾语（不表明种状还是苗状，强调种植后的栽培及管理过程）；作不及物动词时，意为“生长、发育”；作系动词时，意为“变得”。例如: They can only grow potatoes in the fields It grows up straight and thinfight about, fight for, fight against, fight with1) fight about “因而打架（仗）”，后接打架（仗）的原因：例如：No one knew what they fought
15、 about.2) fight for “为而战”，后接打仗、战斗的目的：例如：The African people are fighting for their independence. 3) fight against “和作战，和斗争”，后接斗争的对象例如：The soldiers were fighting against the flood in spite of the terrible weather. 4) fight with “和作战（斗争）”，与fight against同义，也可作“和一起战斗”之意，要根据上下文判断清楚例如：Great Britain fought
16、with (=on the side of) France against Germany. provide, offer1) provide 表示“供应，提供；预防”等，是供应者与被供应者之间一种相对固定的关系，具有客观性。例如：Sheep provide wool. The school provide tents, but we must bring our own food. 2) offer 表示“提供；建议；出价”等义，常表示提供者一种较主动的态度。例如：He offered to help us。 She offered him the computer for $1000. f
17、ear, dread, fright, dismay, panic, terror, alarmFear有两个含义，“怕”或“担心”。Dread总表示由经验而感知的“怕”。如汉语中“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”，在英语中有与此意义相当的“A burnt child dreads fire.”的俗语。Fright强调由于受到骤然的震惊而表现出的“惊怕”。Dismay表示由于某种危险已经逼近而产生的“沮丧”或“惊愕”。Panic强调难以抑制的“惧怕”，而且常常是某种无根据的或者无道理的惧怕。Terror表示由经验而感知的极为强烈的“恐惧”。Alarm指由于危险突然出现而产生的惊慌和恐惧。prepare
18、；prepare for；preparefor；be prepared for；be（get）ready1) prepare sth意为“准备某事”强调准备的过程或动作，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者；另有“配置、调制”之意。2) prepare for意为“为作准备”，for后面的宾语是准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。3) prepare sthfor意为“为做好准备”。4) be prepared for强调准备好的状态。5) be（get）ready意为“准备好”，着重指准备的结果。be（get）ready to do还有“乐于干”的意思。21 notice, take notice of
19、, take no notice ofNotice为“无意注意”。例如：He suddenly noticed that a snake was under the tree. Take notice of表示“有意注意”。例如：Take notice of the snake under the tree. 3）Take no notice of意思是“不理睬”。例如：He took no notice of what I said. 22 spend，take，pay 1) spend“花费”常用于 Sbspend（s）some money（time）on sth或 Sbspend（s）s
20、ome money（time）（in）doing sth其主语一般是人。例如：He spent 20 yuan on the penI spent a week（in）finishing reading the book2) take常用于占用或花费“时间”，其句型为：Sthtakes sbtime 或 It takes sbtime to do sth例如：The work will take us two hours It took me three days to travel to Beijing 3) pay“付款、给报酬”，它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型：
21、Sbpay（s）sbmoney意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。例如：He pays me fifty yuan a week pay for sth意为“付款、给报酬”。例如：He has paid for the mealpay money for sth意为“花多少钱买某物”。例如：My father paid 40 pounds for the desk23 add; add to; addto; add up to1) add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。例如：If the tea is too
22、 strong, add some more hot water After a short while, he added that he would try his best 2) add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。例如：The bad weather added to our difficulties 3) addto意为“把加到”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。例如：Add two to seven, and you will get nine4) add up to意为“加起来总共是累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。例如：All his school education adde
23、d up to no more than one year 24 agree on；agree to；agree with；agree that1) agree on作“就取得一致意见”解。例如：The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month2) agree to有两层含义和用法：A 其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for meB 其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划条件建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如：The
24、y have a greed to our plan3) agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：He agreed with my opinions We agreed with what he said at the meeting 4) agree that作“认为”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：I agree that your composition is very good 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。25 allow；let 二者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重： 1) allow重在“允许”或“容许”，也
25、可表示客气的请求。例如： He allowed me to take his dictionary Will you allow me to use your bike？ 2) let作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意；作“让”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不可用于被动语态，而allow则相反。例如： Please let me walk with you（Please allow me to walk with you）注：allow常用于allow sbto do sth或a
26、llow doing sth结构中。26 argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。1) argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 例如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 2) debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 例如:We have been debating about the issue. 3) dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,例如:Whether he will be elected a
27、s chairman is still disputed. 27 argue；quarrel；discuss这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。1) argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如：We heard them arguing in the other room另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。例如：We argued with them about this problem for a long time2) quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；
28、和about连用，其后接某事。例如：He often quarrels about their housework with his wife3) discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：Well discuss the use of the articles tomorrow28 attack assail assault charge beset 都含有攻击的意思。1) attack 是常用词, 指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人, 例如:Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.2) assail 指猛烈连续地攻击, 例
29、如:The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 3) assault 语气比 assail强, 指突然猛烈地进攻, 暗示武力的直接接触 (如肉搏等), 也有暴力的意思, 例如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn.4) charge 指冲击或骑兵的突然攻击, 例如:The cavalry charged to the front.5) beset 指围攻, 即从各个方向攻击, 例如：In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 29 believe；believe in1) beli
30、eve作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为；料想；相信”等。例如：I believe what he says I believe that he will succeed2) believe in 是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰”（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）和“信任（have trust in）”例如：They believe in God I believe in having plenty of exercise3) believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。试比较：I believe in h
31、im（I think he is a frustworthy man）我信任他。I believe him（I believe what he says）我相信他的话。30 be known as； be known for； be known to； be known in1) be known as 意为“作为而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。例如：Liu Huan is known as a singerWere sure youll be well-known as an artist2) be known for 意为“因而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。
32、例如：Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and riversMr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day3) be known to “为所了解知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“（人们都）知道”，其后接动词原形。例如：He is known to all in our villageHe was known to have invented many thingsIt was known that he had invented many
33、things4) be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。例如：He is well-known in the town where he was born 31 be made ofbe made inbe made frombe made bybe made up of 1) be made of表示“由制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。 2) be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。3) be made from表示“由制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的
34、变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。4) be made by表示“由制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。 5) be made up of表示“由构成（组成）”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。32 blame; scold1) blame“责备；责怪”，指某人应对自己不好的行为负责（常与for连用），或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人（常与on或upon连用），往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如：He blamed Tom for the failure Dont blame it on him, but on me 2) scold“责骂
35、”，指唠唠叨叨地数说某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如：Dont scold the childIts not his faultI hate to scold, son, but you mustnt stay out so late at night33 break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through1) break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。2) break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁
36、”。3) break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。4) break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断（谈话、讨论）”“突然起来”。5) break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”，其中in是副词。6) break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”，常与from连用。7) break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过而出现”、“突破”。34 bring on；bring in；bring out1) bring on 使发生；引起；端上（饭菜）。如：Tom often brings on meals and his
37、brother，Jim picks up the dishes after meals The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again 2) bring in 引来；引进；吸收。例如：His new business brings in 1，000 dollarsWe also brought in some words from English 3) bring out 取出；说出；阐明；出版。例如：He brought out his gun and pointed at meBring out the meaning more clea
38、rlyThey have brought out a set of childrens books35 catch sbdoing sth； be (get) caught in sth1) catch sbdoing sth作“碰（遇）上某人正在做某事”解。例如：The policeman caught two men fighting in the streetThe man was caught stealing the apples2) be (get) caught in sth“遇上而受阻”之意。例如：I got caught in the trafficI was caught
39、in a storm on my way to school36 care about; care for; care; care to 1) care about“关心；计较；在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。例如： He doesnt care about his clothes I dont care about going there2) care for“关心；照料；喜欢；愿意”。作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。例如： Who will care for your children when you are away Would you ca
40、re for a walk?He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else 3) care还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。例如： I dont care who you are I dont care what you say4) care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。例如： I dont care to go there我不愿意去那里。37 carry off; carry away; carry out, carry on1) 表示“运走”；“掠走”，用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之
41、处：carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏；carry away可表示“吸引住”。例如：After destroying the village, the enemy carried offaway all the cattle We were carried away by her songs 2) carry out的意思是“搬出（某物）”；“履行（计划或义务等）”。例如：Would you please carry out the desk into the gardenYou must carry out your duty3) carry out; carry onA 注意两者的区
42、别：carry out意为“执行、实行”；carry on表示“（继续）进行、进行下去”，强调坚持。例如：The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time 38think o，think about，think over 这三个词组都与“想”有关，但所表达的含义有所不同1）think of多用
43、来指“想起，认为”。例如：Last night，before I went to bed，I thought of my parents What do you think of that book？2) think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。例如：Think about what you have done！想想你所做的这一切吧！3) think over意思是“仔细考虑，认真思考”。39 put; place; lay 三个词都能作“放”解，细微的差别在于： 1) put常指把某物弄到某个地方，并把它留在那里。例如：Please put the umbrella
44、behind the door 2) place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。例如：She placed the table in the middle of the room 3) lay常指把某物平放在某处。例如：She laid the table for lunch她摆好桌子准备吃饭。*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。例如：He has lied since his childhood A lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺；位于。例如：He lay on the floor, reading a book B lay (vt.) laid-laid-layi
45、ng 放；搁。例如：He laid the book on the table 40 come up; come on; come out1) come up常表示位置“上升”；从水中或 土中“冒出”；芽苗等“长出”；“引起注意、被提出”例如：The seeds havent come up Your question came up at the meeting2) come on 常用来催促别人，意为“加油、加快”，也可表示“来临、袭击”。例如：I can feel a headache coming on3) come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”，书籍等的“出版”；“结果是”。例如
46、：When will her new book come out The answer to the math problem came out wrong 41complete; finish1) finish是普通用语，用得比较广泛，可作及物动词或不及物动词，多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动，后面可接名词、代词或ing，不接不定式。例如：Have you finished your workHe finished writing the letter last night2) complete一般用作及物动词，用法较正式，通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等，后面可接名词或代词，不接ing或不定式。例如：Hes never completed a project on time The bridge is not completed yet3) 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了；没希望了”等意时，均用finish。例如：He finished school in 1991 The woodwork is beautifully finished