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1、Book 8 unit 3 Inventors and inventions教案李婷 高玉英教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是“发明家与发明”。具体涉及“发明与发现的区别”、“发明产生的过程”和“申请发明专利的条件”。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“发明这一中心话题设计的”。“热身”（Warming Up）部分为了帮助学生弄清发明和发现的区别，提供了三幅图画，要求学生小组开展讨论活动：1.讨论并描述出一些熟悉的现代发明，说明它们是如何改变人们的生活的。 2.讨论哪副图画是发明那幅图画是发现。3.列出发明和发现的标准。 “读前”( Pre-reading) 提供了发明家为了让其发明得到认可所必须通过的六
2、个程序。要求学生调整其先后顺序来预测一项发明产生的过程，然后阅读短文并检验这个过程是否正确。 “阅读”( Reading )材料是一篇记叙文。故事讲的是一女孩如何通过多次尝试，最后成功地把在她母亲家院子里安家的一窝蛇捉住并放归大自然的，她的捕蛇技术事情了发明专利。文章也提到了申请专利的标准。 “理解”( Comprehending )部分设计了一些问题，检查学生对文章中事实性细节的理解与掌握，并讨论获得专利的好处，从而了解申请专利的意义。“语言应用”( Using Language)部分介绍了电话发明家亚历山大.格雷厄日姆.贝尔以及当今英国发明家詹姆斯.戴森的故事，并通过操练打电话和写求职信进
3、一步训练学生的说和写的能力。本单元所涉及的要点是：1、了解、弄清发明和发现的区别。2、掌握本单元教学目的和要求中的词汇和短语的用法3、熟练掌握过去分词做定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。4、进一步熟悉打电话用语和书信格式，并学会写求职信。教材整合Period 1 VocabularyPeriod 2 Reading Period 3 Language pointsPeriod 4 GrammerPeriod 5 Extensive readingPeriod 6 WritingPeriod 1 Vocabulary 1.怜惜，怜悯 n. mercy adj.merciful adv.mercifu
4、lly2.立方体 n.cube adj.cubic3.愉快的 adj.merry adv.merryily4.辨认，鉴定 v.identify n.identification 身份 identity5.清白的,无辜的 adj.innocent n.innocence6.多种的,多样的 adj.multiple v.multiply7.联系,联想 v.associate n. association 8.方便的 adj. convenient adv.conveniently n.convenience9.突然的 adj.abrupt adv.abruptly10.结冰 v.freeze ad
5、j. freezing11.期望,预料 v.expect n. expectation12申请专利 apply for a patent 13.给某人打电话 call sb.up14.不时的 now and then 15.处理,去除 get rid of16.着手干set about doing/to do 17. 准备有 be prepared with 18.决定 decide on 19. 调整我的计划 adjust my plan 20. 抓住机会 seize the opportunity 21. 一件等待和期待的事情 a matter of waiting and hoping
6、22.经过三个阶段 go through three stages23.dive into 迅速把手伸入，一心投入 24.hang on 不挂断，稍等 25. Out of order 次序颠倒，发生故障 26.ring back 回复电话 27. ring off 挂断电话Period 2 Warming up,pre-reading,readingStep 1 Lead in (warming up and pre-reading)1.Do you know some famous inventors and their inventions ? Try to make a list of
7、 them. And explain its function. 1990, World Wide Web.Tim burners-lee 1950, Credit cards, Ralph Schneide 1940, Color television , Peter Goldmark 1923, Television , Logie Baird 1902, Air condition , Willis Carrie 2.Who was Edison? Do you know how many inventions he made? Can you mention some of them?
8、 Everybody knows he invented the electric bulb. A lamp cant give light without electricity.3. But did Edison invent electricity? Can electricity be invented? Is electricity an invention or discovery? No, electricity is a discovery.4.Let Ss look at these pictures on page 19.Which pictures show invent
9、ions and which show discoveries. what is a discovery and what is an invention?A discovery merely makes known something that already exist in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by ColumbiaAn invention is something that created by human being, such as the lighting bulb.5. Do you know t
10、he stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Here give you some similar stages used in research, please out them in the suitable order.(on page 19) (1) finding a problem (2) doing research (3) thinking of a creative solution(4)testing the solution (5)decidi
11、ng on the invention (6) apply for a patent6.Lets see how did the author solve the problem of the snakes. (on page 20)Step 2 Scanning Find out which paragraph or paragraphs deal with each inventing process in the passage.Para._1_ 1.Finding a problem Para._2_ 2.Doing research Para._3_ 3.Thinking of a
12、creative solution Para._4、 5 、6_ 4.Testing the solution Para._7_ 5.Applying for a patentStep 3 Fast reading1. The purpose in writing this text is (C)A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill themB. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writers new ideaC. to introduce the writers
13、 new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patentD. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent2. The biggest advantage of the writers new idea is that:(D)A. it makes the snakes move slowlyB. it makes the snakes hardly bite usC. it is easier for us to kill the snak
14、es without hurting ourselvesD. it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them3. What instruments were used for catching the snakes? (C)A. a bowl, ice-cubes, male perfumeB. a bowl, a bucket, female perfumeC. a small net, ice-cubes, a bucketD. a small net, a bucket, powders4. Which state
15、ment is true according to the text? (B)A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldnt bite the writer at all.B. Your product must be different from everybody elses if you want to receive a patent.C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she su
16、cceeded in catching the snakes.D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately5.According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent? (C)A. A new star discovered by a scientist.B. A new novel written by Nuo yan.C. A new way to make dirty
17、water clean.D. A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine.6.The word “released” in the last sentence of the sixth paragraph means the same as _.(D)A. returned B. relaxed C. dismissed D. set free7.Which of the following can take the place of the underlined word in the sen
18、tence, “I collected the passive snakes and the next day released them all back into the wild.(C) A. inactive B. positive C. negative D. sensitiveStep 4 Careful reading True of false1.I bought an ice-cream maker made of aluminum. F2.The snakes are too big for me to handle. F3.The snakes are poisonous
19、. T4.The snakes are finally sent to the zoo. F5.People who produced a new type of plant has the qualification to get a patent. F6.A patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply. TStep 5 SummaryWhen I 1._ my mother, I got the news 2._ some snakes seemed to have 3._ their home in our cou
20、rtyard. It was a chance for me to 4._ myself by inventing something 5_ that helped 6._ them without hurting them.7,_with some research findings, I decided to cool them 8._ they could be9._caught. After that I 10. _ catching them. First I placed a 11._ bowl over the snakes 12._ with ice cubes 13._top
21、 of the bowl. Then I covered the whole thing with a large 14._, leaving everything overnight. The next morning I carried a small net in my yard. Because of the low temperature, the snakes were very sleepy so everything went as planned. I collected the 15._ snakes and the next day we merrily 16._ the
22、m into the wild.17._by my friends and relations, I decided to 18._ the opportunity to get 19._ for my successful idea by sending my invention to the 20._office. (D)1. A.called on B.called for C.called at D. called up(C)2.A.what B.which C.that D.why (A)3. A.made B.got C.had D.set(B)4.A.pretend B.dist
23、inguish C.differ D.produce(C)5.A.shamful B.stainless C.merciful D.merrily(B)6.A.get tired of B.get rid of C.get along with D.get ahead of (C)7.A.Arranged B.Equipped C,Prepared D.Invented (C)8.A.even though B.as long as C.so that D.as if (B)9.A.merrily B.easily C.carefully D.valid(D)10.A.set aside B.
24、set out C.set down D.set about(B)11.A.cool B.frozen C.heat D.water(A)12.A.habitat B.habit C. court D. customs(D)13.A.at B.in C.with D.on(C)14.A.cup B.bottle C. bucket D.glass(A)15.A.passive B.positive C.negative D.sensetive(B)16.A.seized B.released C.caught D.freezed(D)17.A. produced B.impressed C.
25、practiced D.pressed(B)18.A.file B.seize C.bear D.claim(D)19.Aconvenience B.identification C.expection D. recognition(D)20.A.extension B.criterion C.parent D.patentPeriod 3 Language points词汇辨析1.(page20,line7)distinguish 显示.的差别,使有所不同 be distinguished from 不同于.，与.加以区别 distinguish. from. 辨别，把.和.区别开 be d
26、istinguished by 以.为特征 be distinguished for 因.而著称People who can not distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。 2.bear 忍耐，忍受，生产，生育，承担，负责 bear in mind that.记住.考虑到cant bear doing 不能忍受做 bear/keep sth. in mind 记住.bear a heavy burden 肩负重担3.associate 联想，联系，同伴，伙伴associate sb./sth. wi
27、th sb./sth. 把和联系在一起,由联想到associate with sb 与某人交往be associated with 和.有关in association with 与.合作/合伙 Ive never associated you with the place. 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。I dont like you associating with those people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。4.(page20,line1)call up 给打电话,使回忆起call at 拜访某个地点call off 取消，停止call on/upon 拜访某人，号召call
28、 for 需要，需求，去接某人，为争取.而呐喊call by 顺路来一下That picture calls up memories of a holiday I had when I was a child. 那张照片使我回忆起儿时一个假期的情景。The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。The game was called off because of the bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣被取消。5.（page20,line12）se
29、t about (doing sth.) 开始，着手（干某事）set out to do 出发，企图，打算做set down 让下车,记下,写下set sth.aside 将.放在一边,不理会set off for =set out for= leave for 出发到某地The girl attendant has set about cleaning the room.那位女服务员已开始打扫房间。The driver set her down at the station.司机在车站停下车让她下去。I wanted to set off early in order to avoid th
30、e traffic.我想早点出发以避开交通拥堵。6.get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话），（设法）做完，通过（考试），完成，用完，使某人理解get across 使某事传播或为人所理解get along/on 进展get away (from) 走开，离开，脱身get down to 开始认真做某事 get over 克服，摆脱（某种情绪）随堂练(1).As far as the American children are concerned, the Christmas is _A_ with excitement, appiness and gifts.A.associate
31、 B.get Cdeal D. satisfied(2).(2013烟台模拟) Trademarks are words, names or symbols that identify the producer of a product and _C_ it from similar goods of others.A.Defend B.protect C.distinguish D.break.(3).(2013嘉兴检测) I dont think our relationship could _A_ the strain of her mother visiting for a month
32、.A. bear B.tell C.put up D.hold(4).The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village. How are they going to _D_ the winter? A. get on B.get across C.get over D.get through(5).-Please forgive me to _D_ you _ so late, but I have something urgent. - Thats all right. Whats the matter? A.call , by
33、B. call , off C. call, in D. call , up(6).The boys stopped and _C_ digging holes to plant the trees.A. set off B. set out C.set about D.set up(7).It is difficult to _C_ one twin from the other. They almost dont _from each other.A. differ, distinguish B. distinguish, differentC.distinguish, differ D.
34、 tell, different(8).As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village_A_ scenes of my childhood.A.called up B.called for C.called on D.called in(9).Its love and responsibility that have driven him to_B_ many hardships and survive. A. go into B. go through C. look throu
35、gh D.look into(10).-Have you decided which house to buy? -No,not yet. I must find a house that is _A_ for all kinds of transportation. A. convenient B.appropriate C.available D.content(11).(2012,全国) We _C_ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set about B. set up C. s
36、et out D. set down句式剖析7.(page21,line 41)Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. (page21,line 52)Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made 当only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装，把助动词、情态动词、或系动词提到主语之前。否定词nor,neither等放在句首，也要进行倒装。 Only after you have
37、 reached 18 can you join the army.只有满了十八岁，你才可以参军。 8.(page21,line 43)The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are trule novel. Sothat so 后面跟形容词或副词，如果要修饰名词短语，要用so+adj.+a/an+n 的形式。9.Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never
38、seen before. every time 用作连词，意为每次做.其用法相当于 the first time, each time, next time, 其从句谓语动词的时态依句意而定。Every time I think about it , I feel so frightened.all the time始终；一直 from time to time有时；偶尔；时常 in no time (at all)立刻；赶快；马上 keep time（钟表）走得准 many a time常常；多 on time 准时；按时at the same time 同时 at a time 每一次 a
39、t one time 过去，曾经 by the time到.时候By the time he was 3 years old, he had mastered 1000 words.10.(page20,line15)Prepared with some research findings,I decided on three possible approaches. 过去分词作状语，该动作和主语之间存在着被动关系。 (1) Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.= When it is seen from t
40、he top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (2) Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder. = As he is encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder. (3)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (4) Given more time, he can do it better.11.Follow it up, explore all around it,and before you know it , you will have something worth thinking about t