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1、初中英语各题型答题技巧第1页，本讲稿共84页I.I.听听 力力 答答 题题 技技 巧巧 与与 训训 练练 策策 略略 第2页，本讲稿共84页一、中考对听力理解能力的考查主要集中在以下几一、中考对听力理解能力的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：个方面：能听懂基本上没有生词，贴近学生生活的语言材料，能听懂基本上没有生词，贴近学生生活的语言材料，语速为每分钟语速为每分钟120个词左右个词左右1、能听懂并正确的辨别做听到的句子；、能听懂并正确的辨别做听到的句子；2、能听懂声音材料中涉及到的主要信息或重要细节；、能听懂声音材料中涉及到的主要信息或重要细节；3、能听懂对话或短文中谈论的要点、中心意思，、能听懂对
2、话或短文中谈论的要点、中心意思，并根据题目要求做出合理的判断，如：推理出对话发并根据题目要求做出合理的判断，如：推理出对话发生的时间、地点、对话人物关系和身份等。生的时间、地点、对话人物关系和身份等。第3页，本讲稿共84页 二、如何提高听力理解能力和做好听力题？二、如何提高听力理解能力和做好听力题？近两年来中考英语听力的难度在逐渐增加近两年来中考英语听力的难度在逐渐增加,同学们普同学们普遍感觉听力题型不再是轻易拿分的题了遍感觉听力题型不再是轻易拿分的题了.甚至有些同甚至有些同学每次都因听力不好而大量失学每次都因听力不好而大量失分分,继而影响英语全卷成绩继而影响英语全卷成绩.在此我们给在此我们给
3、同学们总结一些做题技巧同学们总结一些做题技巧,以期对中考以期对中考有所帮助有所帮助.第4页，本讲稿共84页 1.1.学会预测学会预测预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示,如所给答案如所给答案选项选项,段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。容进行预测。(1)(1)从答案选项中预测从答案选项中预测Q:What does Tom do?Q:What does Tom do?A.HeA.Hes a truck driver.B.Hes a truck driver.B.Hes a ship cap
4、tain.s a ship captain.C.He C.Hes a pilot.s a pilot.录音原文：录音原文：WW：Tom flew to Anchorage last nightTom flew to Anchorage last night，then took some then took some passengers from there to Dollas.passengers from there to Dollas.M:Yeah,but he couldnM:Yeah,but he couldnt land because the airport in t land
5、because the airport in Dollas was snowed in.Dollas was snowed in.从选项看，问题应是关于职业方面的，再从从选项看，问题应是关于职业方面的，再从flewflew，passengerspassengers，airportairport这些信息词中可知道这些信息词中可知道TomTom的职业。的职业。第5页，本讲稿共84页(2)从说话人口气预测：从说话人口气预测：在在A，B两人的对话中，如果两人的对话中，如果B是附和或是附和或赞成，往往说赞成，往往说“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。等。但如但如A用
6、否定句，用否定句，B表同意时则用表同意时则用“No”，“Neither/Nor”等。等。第6页，本讲稿共84页2.做简要笔记做简要笔记听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息(包包括数字，人名，地名，关键词括数字，人名，地名，关键词)，前提是不要影响跟听，前提是不要影响跟听速度，采用自己习惯的符号。速度，采用自己习惯的符号。例：例：How much will the man pay for the tickets？A.$18 B.$24 C.$30原文：原文：W：Tickets for the movie are$6 for adults,half pric
7、e for children.M:All right,Id like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children,please.笔记可简化为：笔记可简化为：$6 A(代表代表adult)，C，3A+2C或或6 A(3)+half Chil(2)第7页，本讲稿共84页3.听清数据，简要记下，加以运算听清数据，简要记下，加以运算。在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到的时间简在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到的时间简单确定为问题的答案。中考听力考查时间时往往要进行单确定为问题的答案。中考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单的时间换算。简单的时
8、间换算。At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A.3:00 B.3:15 C.5:00录音原文：录音原文：W：Excuse me，could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is？M：Sure.Well，its 3 now.The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours,but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes,and then get off at Manc
9、hester on the way.第8页，本讲稿共84页对话中提到了三个时间对话中提到了三个时间Its 3 now,in 2 hours,in 15 minutes.现在是现在是3点，开往点，开往Manchester的火车要的火车要两小时后才开，即两小时后才开，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若简单机械地把。若简单机械地把3点和点和2点相加，会得点相加，会得出火车出火车5点才开的错误选项点才开的错误选项C。第9页，本讲稿共84页数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种：(1)要注意区分要注意区分-teen和和-ty及及
10、four和和five的发音；的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等(2)计算时间，钱款，距离，年龄计算时间，钱款，距离，年龄,人或物的数人或物的数量等；听出数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运量等；听出数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法的要求通常寓于问题中；注意算方法的要求通常寓于问题中；注意more，less，as much(many)as，another，double,to，past，quarter；记住时间是；记住时间是60进制进制第10页，本讲稿共84页如出现几个数字，应注意鉴别问的是那一个。如出现几个数字，应注意鉴别问的是那一个。例：例：At w
11、hat time does the office open?A.At 8:15 B.At 8:30 C.At 7:45从常识判断，办公时间往往以整点开始，而不会在几点从常识判断，办公时间往往以整点开始，而不会在几点几分。几分。听力原文：听力原文：M：I wonder why the office is still not open.W:But its not yet eight.In fact,its only a quarter to eight.第11页，本讲稿共84页4.抓住关键，对症下药抓住关键，对症下药听力考试常出现以听力考试常出现以Where提问的问句，考生要提问的问句，考生要通过
12、对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点。一通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点。一般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生要对此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到生要对此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place？/Where does sb.work？/Whats his job？之类的问题时，？之类的问题时，就会派上用场。就会派上用场。第12页，本讲稿共84页如：如：restaurantrestaurant：menumenu，billbill，orderorder，tiptip，ha
13、mburgerhamburger，beerbeer，soupsouphotelhotel：luggageluggage，single roomsingle room，double roomdouble room，room room numbernumber，check in(out)check in(out)hospitalhospital：take medicinetake medicine，temperaturetemperature，pillpill，headacheheadache，fever,examinefever,examinepost officepost office：mai
14、lmail，deliverdeliver，stampstamp，envelopeenvelope，parcelparcelairportairport：flightflight，take offtake off，landland，luggageluggagerailway stationrailway station：round tripround trip，single tripsingle trip，sleeping carsleeping carstorestore：on saleon sale，sizesize，wearwear，colourcolour，style,pricestyl
15、e,price，change,change,bargainbargain，fitfitschoolschool：professorprofessor，examexam，coursecourse，term,dining hallterm,dining hall，playgroundplaygroundlibrarylibrary：librarianlibrarian，renewrenew，datedate，shelf,magazine,seatshelf,magazine,seat第13页，本讲稿共84页对于简短对话，要根据问题的类型，从第二个讲话者的对于简短对话，要根据问题的类型，从第二个讲话
16、者的答语中来捕捉关键词答语中来捕捉关键词如：如：Whats the man going to do?A.Run to the airport.B.Wait for another bus.C.Hurry to get the next bus.根据选项看，对话似乎与根据选项看，对话似乎与bus有关，主要信息捕捉范围有关，主要信息捕捉范围是在是在“Hurry”或或“Run”和和“Wait”之间。听音范围明显缩之间。听音范围明显缩小。小。录音原文录音原文 M：Excuse me，can you tell me when the next bus leave for the airport？W：It
17、 leaves in three minutes.If you run,you might catch it.关键词关键词“run”和和“catch”正好对上答案正好对上答案C的的“Hurry”和和“get”。第14页，本讲稿共84页5.果断选题，学会放弃果断选题，学会放弃相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，甚至相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，甚至影响后面的答题影响后面的答题切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空的结果。题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空的结果。第15页，本讲稿共84页 注意做题方法
18、注意做题方法。在做听力题时，一定要做到。在做听力题时，一定要做到听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对话和听短文这两种类型，以大概掌握主题内话和听短文这两种类型，以大概掌握主题内容，缩小听力范围；听第一遍时，不要急于容，缩小听力范围；听第一遍时，不要急于做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文章在讲什么；听第二遍的过程中，可以适当章在讲什么；听第二遍的过程中，可以适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等等，同物、天气等等，同时把可能正确的答案做上记号，时把可能正确的答案做
19、上记号，检验核对。检验核对。第16页，本讲稿共84页总之，听力部分的解题技巧可以总结如下：总之，听力部分的解题技巧可以总结如下：1、考生心理素质尤为重要，要有自信心，沉、考生心理素质尤为重要，要有自信心，沉着冷静，静心收听，注意力要集中。着冷静，静心收听，注意力要集中。2、在做题前一定要快速浏览一遍题目和选项，以在做题前一定要快速浏览一遍题目和选项，以便听时有所侧重；便听时有所侧重；3、将没听清楚的词或句子放过去，不要影响了下、将没听清楚的词或句子放过去，不要影响了下一道题；一道题；4、在测试过程中要有积极、主动、有意识、在测试过程中要有积极、主动、有意识、有选择的去听；有选择的去听；5、平时
20、加强训练。、平时加强训练。第17页，本讲稿共84页（一）对话理解题：让考生听一组对话，在（一）对话理解题：让考生听一组对话，在听完对话后，接着由第三者根据对话的内容提出听完对话后，接着由第三者根据对话的内容提出问题，要求考生在领会谈话要旨的基础上，从书问题，要求考生在领会谈话要旨的基础上，从书面四个备选项中挑选能回答所听到问句的正确答面四个备选项中挑选能回答所听到问句的正确答案、或是让考生辨别说话人的职业或者两人之间案、或是让考生辨别说话人的职业或者两人之间的关系以及推断谈发生的场合或地点等。的关系以及推断谈发生的场合或地点等。请看以下请看以下例题例题：三、中考听力题型及解答技巧三、中考听力题
21、型及解答技巧第18页，本讲稿共84页听对话和对话后提出的问题，选择正确答案：听对话和对话后提出的问题，选择正确答案：（）1、A.In a restaurant B.In a post office C.In a bank录音原文：录音原文：这个对话是关于寄信的。该题要求根据听到的内容这个对话是关于寄信的。该题要求根据听到的内容对说话的背景进行推断，在所提供的三个选项中，对说话的背景进行推断，在所提供的三个选项中，该对话显然发生在邮局里，正确答案为该对话显然发生在邮局里，正确答案为B。W:Id like to send this letter to Britain.W:Id like to se
22、nd this letter to Britain.Surface mail,please.Surface mail,please.M:Ok,thatll be three dollars.M:Ok,thatll be three dollars.QQ：Where are they talking?Where are they talking?第19页，本讲稿共84页（）2、A.some tea B.some coffee C.some juice录音原文：录音原文：该题中女士为男士提供两种饮料，男士又提出了第该题中女士为男士提供两种饮料，男士又提出了第三种，应该注意不同的选项部分三种，应该注
23、意不同的选项部分 tea、coffee、juice。这是考查对具体信息理解的典型题目，。这是考查对具体信息理解的典型题目，C为正为正确答案。确答案。W:what would you like,tea or coffee?W:what would you like,tea or coffee?M:Well,how about some juice?M:Well,how about some juice?Q:What will the woman give the manQ:What will the woman give the man？第20页，本讲稿共84页（二）（二）短文理解题短文理解题：
24、听短文要注意听大意，要：听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指令去听。听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，令去听。听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，选用大选用大多是围绕多是围绕who,when,where,what,how 或或why所设的问题所设的问题。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下容作些速记，记下关键词语
25、关键词语，理清线索，抓好前后联，理清线索，抓好前后联系，最后才准确作出答案。系，最后才准确作出答案。第21页，本讲稿共84页如果是听短文填空，听写时要注意前后提示，如果是听短文填空，听写时要注意前后提示，有的被听写的词可能就出现在短文中，这时可快速有的被听写的词可能就出现在短文中，这时可快速做一个符号，以便挤出时间听写其它空白。听写完做一个符号，以便挤出时间听写其它空白。听写完后，还应检查一下，看用词是否有误、大小写、单后，还应检查一下，看用词是否有误、大小写、单复数、时态等有无错误。复数、时态等有无错误。本题考察的题型包括：本题考察的题型包括：判断所给句子的意思是否正确、选择正确答案、在判断
26、所给句子的意思是否正确、选择正确答案、在所缺处填入适当词语、填满表格以及回答所提问题所缺处填入适当词语、填满表格以及回答所提问题等。本题在听力测试中一般属于中难或难题，考生等。本题在听力测试中一般属于中难或难题，考生不仅要听懂一篇完整的材料，掌握其中心意思及重不仅要听懂一篇完整的材料，掌握其中心意思及重要细节，还要能据此作出分析、推理和判断。要细节，还要能据此作出分析、推理和判断。尤其尤其需要注意需要注意的是，在有的时候，同学们还要从整个对的是，在有的时候，同学们还要从整个对话中了解讲话人的话中了解讲话人的“弦外之音弦外之音”，特别要注意听清，特别要注意听清转折和让步，把握说话人的真实含义。转
27、折和让步，把握说话人的真实含义。请看以下例题：请看以下例题：第22页，本讲稿共84页（1）听短文，选择正确的答案：）听短文，选择正确的答案：（）1、Mike got up at about _one cloudy morning.A.7:15 B.6:45 C.6:15 D.7:45（）2、He put his books into the bag after he_.A.left the house B.saw his friend C.got to school D.washed his face（）3、He left home_.A.without breakfast B.after a
28、 quick breakfast C.with his brother D.with his sister 1.B 2.D 3.A1.B 2.D 3.A第23页，本讲稿共84页（）4 4、On his way,he met his best friend,_.On his way,he met his best friend,_.A.JimA.Jim B.Tom B.Tom C.Bob C.Bob D.John D.John（）5 5、Both of them _ that morning.Both of them _ that morning.A.went to school lateA.w
29、ent to school late B.played on way to school B.played on way to school C.were late for classC.were late for class D.forgot that they had no class D.forgot that they had no class 4.C 5.D4.C 5.D第24页，本讲稿共84页录音原文：录音原文：It was a cloudy morning.Mike woke up and suddenly found it was already 6:45.Its very l
30、ate,he thought.He got up quickly,jumped out of the bed,washed his face,put his books into the bag,and ran out of the house without breakfast.On his way,he met his best friend Bob.Bob,we must hurry up,or well be late.he said.Then they ran all the way to school.When they got there,they found that they
31、 had no class that day.At that moment they remembered it was Saturday.第25页，本讲稿共84页（分析）（分析）本题在听短文，选择正确答案的题型中属于较本题在听短文，选择正确答案的题型中属于较容易题。同学们在听本题前，通过先快速浏览试题所给的容易题。同学们在听本题前，通过先快速浏览试题所给的5个问题及选项，根据所提供的信息，可以个问题及选项，根据所提供的信息，可以推测出短文所涉及推测出短文所涉及的内容的内容是关于麦克一天早晨如何匆匆忙忙地赶去学校上是关于麦克一天早晨如何匆匆忙忙地赶去学校上课的情景。课的情景。5个问题的内容分别
32、涉及个问题的内容分别涉及Mike几点起床；什么几点起床；什么时间才把书放进书包；他是否吃了早饭上学；在路上他碰时间才把书放进书包；他是否吃了早饭上学；在路上他碰到了谁以及那天早晨他究竟出了什么差错到了谁以及那天早晨他究竟出了什么差错。带着这些听前。带着这些听前分析的问题开始听录音。第一遍听音时只听不记，把注意分析的问题开始听录音。第一遍听音时只听不记，把注意力集中在有关问题的内容上，把握全文大意。第二遍听音力集中在有关问题的内容上，把握全文大意。第二遍听音时边听边看边记，重点把短文中有关内容与相关的题目对时边听边看边记，重点把短文中有关内容与相关的题目对上号，分析判断后就能很快选出正确的答案，
33、即：上号，分析判断后就能很快选出正确的答案，即：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D。最后对所选定的答案进行验证复查，最后对所选定的答案进行验证复查，以避免疏忽造成的错误。以避免疏忽造成的错误。第26页，本讲稿共84页（2）听短文，选择正确答案：）听短文，选择正确答案：（）1.What did the man have to do in the morning?A.He fed the chickens.B.He cleaned the bath-room.C.He carried water for the family.（）2.Why did the man go to school o
34、n foot?A.No bus ran in the direction.B.The school was near.C.His family was poor.1.A 2.C1.A 2.C 第27页，本讲稿共84页（）3.What did the man do every Sunday?3.What did the man do every Sunday?A.He was taken to church three times.A.He was taken to church three times.B.He stayed at home all day.B.He stayed at hom
35、e all day.C.He played in the street.C.He played in the street.（）4.What can we learn from what the speaker said?4.What can we learn from what the speaker said?A.He is a retired teacher of history.A.He is a retired teacher of history.B.He thinks children were happier in the past.B.He thinks children w
36、ere happier in the past.C.He lives on a farm far away from cities.C.He lives on a farm far away from cities.3.A 4.B3.A 4.B 第28页，本讲稿共84页录音原文：录音原文：Now,you want to know about life in the past,right?I can tell you.When I was a boy,things were different.I had to get up at six every morning.That was not v
37、ery bad in summer,but in winter it was cold.And we didnt have any hot water in the house.We had to wash in cold water.We didnt have a bath-room.My dad had some chickens.I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister.It was two miles to school and two miles ba
38、ck in the evening.And we had to go to bed at seven oclock every night.We couldnt watch TV because there wasnt any.第29页，本讲稿共84页On Sundays we had to go to church three times-morning,On Sundays we had to go to church three times-morning,afternoon and evening.And we couldnt play outside on afternoon and
39、 evening.And we couldnt play outside on Sundays.But it wasnt too bad.We had some good times.Sundays.But it wasnt too bad.We had some good times.We could go out and our parents didnt have to worry We could go out and our parents didnt have to worry about us.There werent so many cars on the roads then
40、,about us.There werent so many cars on the roads then,so the streets were safe to play in.And there were not so the streets were safe to play in.And there were not many robbers and thieves in those days.We had to work many robbers and thieves in those days.We had to work hard and we werent able to b
41、uy all those things in the hard and we werent able to buy all those things in the shops today.Life was hard,but it was simple and people shops today.Life was hard,but it was simple and people were happier.were happier.第30页，本讲稿共84页本文的篇幅较长，所涉及到的信息教多。但是本文的篇幅较长，所涉及到的信息教多。但是同学们在做题前浏览一下所提的四个问题和供选项，同学们在做题前
42、浏览一下所提的四个问题和供选项，就会就会很有效的缩小所听的范围，即重点去听说话人很有效的缩小所听的范围，即重点去听说话人早上做什么、为何步行上学和每周日做什么早上做什么、为何步行上学和每周日做什么等细节等细节，然后在听完全篇的基础上，概括出第四题的答案就然后在听完全篇的基础上，概括出第四题的答案就可以了。本题的答案分别是：可以了。本题的答案分别是：1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B。第31页，本讲稿共84页第32页，本讲稿共84页一、方法和指导1、直接选定法。即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出答案的解题方法。如:1)-What are you going to
43、do,Jane?-Oh,my mother asks me _ some food for supper.A buy B to buy C buys D buying2)We have worked for three hours.Now lets stop_a rest.A had B have C to have D having3)This is a big class and _ of the students are girls.A two third B second three C two thirds D two three4)Ive had enough bread,woul
44、d you like _.A a few more B one more C another more D some more5)He has failed several times,but he wont _ A go on B come on C get up D give upBCCDD此法主要用于较简单的试题，但必须要求对基本知识点，语法点熟练掌握。第33页，本讲稿共84页2、关键词暗示法。题目中的关键词对于快速而准确的判定答案起着至关重要的作用，找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。如:1）He has never been to Beijing before,_?A has
45、he B hasnt he C did he D does he 2)-What did you see,Mary?I saw a lot of trees on _ of the lake.A either side B all sides C both sides D other sides3)We have got two TV set,but _ works well.A any B both C neither D either 4)It_ ten years since we last _ in Beijing.A was,met B has been,met C was,meet
46、 D is,meetABCB第34页，本讲稿共84页3、类推比较法 如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而将AB予以否定，如：1)Whos the woman over there?She is a _A teacher B a friend of mine C a famous actress D fourteen years old2)Could you tell me when Tom_ here？A got to B arrived in C reached D reached to BC4、前后照应法 解题时，为了透彻理解，要联系上
47、下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。如：1）-Which would you like,coffee or milk?-_,I just want to have some hot water.A Either B Both C Neither D All 2)-Tom didnt go to schoo this morning,didnt he?-_,though he didnt feel well.A Yes,he did B No,he did C Yes,he didnt D No,he didnt CA第35页，本讲稿共84页5、逐
48、个排除法 根据题干提供的信息，将干扰答案和错误答案逐个排除，缩小选题范围，然后将剩余的填入空白处进行检查，确定是否正确，如：1）Could you tell me_?A who is that man B how much it costs to fly to Beijing C why is he crying so sadly D whether has he arrived 2)Remember,boys and girls _ you work,_ result you will get.A The better,the harder B The harder,the better C
49、 The hard,the better D The harder,the good 3)I usually have milk and bread for supper.-_.A So have I B So do I C I have to D I do so 4)I asked you _ next。A what shall we do B we should do what C what should we do D what we should do 5)Could you tell me _?I have something important to tell him.A wher
50、e is Tom B where Tom is C where Tom is D where Tom was BBDBC第36页，本讲稿共84页6、交际应答 根据交际用语的习惯搭配，联系上下文直接解题，如：1）-Your dress looks really nice.-_ A Not at all B Thanks C Not nicer than yours D Dont say so 2)Could you help me carry the heavy box.-_.A My pleasure B You are right C Dont worry D with pleasure 3