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1、严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。LECTURESONSTYLISTICSLectureOneIntroduction严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Course PlanLecture1:IntroductionLecture2:HistoryanddevelopmentLecture3:PhonologicallevelLecture4:LexicallevelLecture5:SyntacticlevelLecture6:Seman
2、ticlevelLecture7:TextuallevelLecture8:Graphologicallevel严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Course PlanLecture9:ThreeviewsonstyleLecture10:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(newsreport)Lecture11:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(advertisement)Lecture12:Stylisticanalysisofv
3、arietiesofEnglish(publicspeech)Lecture13:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(internet)Lecture14:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(novel)Lecture15:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(poem)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Course grades:Attendanceandclassperformance:50%Fi
4、nalpaper:50%Teaching mode:Lecture+presentation+discussion严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Reference books:Crystal,D.,andD.Davy,Investigating English Style,Longman,1969.GeoffreyN.Leech,MichaelH.Short,Style in Fiction:A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose,Longman,
5、1981.LauraWright,JonathanHope,Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook,Routledge,1996.Thornborrow,J.,andS.Wareing,Patterns in Language:Stylistics for Students of Language and Literature,Routledge,2000.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。侯维瑞，侯维瑞，文学文体学文学文体学，上海：上海外语教育出版社，上海：上海外语教育出版社，20082
6、008。胡壮麟，理论文体学，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999。胡壮麟、刘世生，西方文体学辞典，北京：清华大学出版社，2004。刘世生，西方文体学论纲，济南：山东教育出版社，1998。刘世生、朱瑞青，文体学概论，北京：北京大学出版社，2006。秦秀白，实用文体学教程，长沙：湖南教育出版社,1986。秦秀白，英语语体和问题要略，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。张德禄,功能文体学,济南:山东教育出版社,1998。徐有志，英语文体学教程，北京：高等教育出版社，2005。王守元、郭鸿、
7、苗兴伟，文体学研究在中国的进展,上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004。王佐良、丁望道，英语文体学引论，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1987。钱瑗，实用英语文体学，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006。申丹，申丹，西方文体学的新发展西方文体学的新发展 上海上海:上海外语教育出版社上海外语教育出版社,2008。学习网址：学习网址：Language and Style 课件课件 by Shorthttp:/www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/projects/stylistics/star.htm严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为
8、或突发事件。Lecture 1:Introduction1.Definitionofstylistics2.Definitionofstyle3.TypesofStylistics4.PurposesofStylistics严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。IntroductionQuestions1.Howdoyoudefinestylistics?2.Whatfactorscontributetotheshapingofstylistics?3.Whatarethepurposesorgoalsofstylist
9、ics?严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。What is stylistics?严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of stylistics1.Abranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofsituationally-distinctiveusesoflanguage,withparticularreferencetoliterarylanguage,andtr
10、iestoestablishprinciplescapableofaccountingfortheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.(TheFontanaDictionaryofModernThought,1977,2ndEd.,1988)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of stylistics2.QianYuansdefinition(2006:1):Stylisticsisabran
11、choflinguisticswhichappliesthetheoryandmethodologyofmodernlinguisticstothestudyofstyle.3.XuYouzhisdefinition(2005:2):Stylisticsisadisciplinethatstudiesthewaysinwhichlanguageisused;itisadisciplinethatstudiesthestylesoflanguageinuse.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of
12、 stylistics4.Leechsdefinition(1969:1,2):thestudyoftheuseoflanguageinliterature,ameeting-groundoflinguisticsandliterarystudy5.Widdowson(1975:3):Bystylistics,ImeanthestudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticorientationandIshalltaketheviewthatwhatdistinguishesstylisticsfromliterarycriticismontheonehandan
13、dlinguisticsontheotheristhatitisessentiallyameansoflinkingthetwo.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of stylistics6.Walesdefinition:The study of style;justasstylecanbeviewedinseveralways,sothereareseveraldifferentstylisticapproaches.Thisvarietyinstylisticsisduetothemai
14、ninfluencesoflinguisticsandliterarycriticism.Byfarthemostcommonkindofmaterialstudiedisliterary;andattentionislargelytext-centered.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。What is your definition of style?严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of styleByitsd
15、efinitionindictionaries,thewordstylehasthreeaspectsofmeaning:1.Themanner of expressioninwritingorspeaking,whichchangesatalltimeaccordingtotheactualsituationalelements,e.g.,theparticipant,time,place,topic,etc.ofthecommunicativeevent,fromveryformaltoveryinformal严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇
16、报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style2.Theregister语域,whichreferstothespecialvarietyoflanguageusedbyaparticularsocialgroupthatmayhaveacommonprofession,e.g.,doctors,lawyers,teachers,orthesameinterests,e.g.,footballfans,etc严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style3.These
17、toflinguistic featuresthatseemtobecharacteristicofatext,e.g.,thestyleofJaneAustensPride and Prejudice,orofanauthor,e.g.,Miltonicstyle严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of styleTherearediversemeaningsoftheword“style”:1.Lucas(1974):Theoriginofthewordis“stylus”,aLatinwor
18、dfor“pen”.Thewordextendeditsmeaningto“awayofwriting”,thenbecamefurtherrefinedtomean“agoodwayofwriting”.Stylecanmean“adeliberatelycultivated,individual,peculiarstyleofonesown”.Eg:HemingwaysstylethestyleofHenryJames严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style2.French aut
19、hor de Buffon:Styleisthemanhimself.3.Jonathan Swift(the18thc)definedstyleas“properwordsinproperplaces”.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style4.Wales(1989):styleisa“wayyouhaveofdoingthings”.Initsgeneral sense:styleis“variationinlanguageuse”;whileinits narrow defin
20、ition,styleis“thesetorsumoflinguisticsfeaturesthatseemtobecharacteristic,whetherofregister语域,genreorperiod”.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style5.5.Four senses of style by D.Crystal and D.DavyFour senses of style by D.Crystal and D.Davy:1)someorallthelanguageha
21、bitsofaperson,his1)someorallthelanguagehabitsofaperson,hisselectionoflanguagehabits.selectionoflanguagehabits.e.g.Shakespearesstyle;e.g.Shakespearesstyle;2)someorallthelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupof2)someorallthelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupofpeopleatonetime,oroveraperiodoftime.peopleatonetime,orover
22、aperiodoftime.e.g.thestyleofOldEnglishheroicpoetrye.g.thestyleofOldEnglishheroicpoetry3)theeffectivenessofamodeofexpression(amore3)theeffectivenessofamodeofexpression(amorerestrictedmeaninginevaluativesense).restrictedmeaninginevaluativesense).“sayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway.”“sayingtherig
23、htthinginthemosteffectiveway.”eeg:Hiswritinglacksstyle.g:Hiswritinglacksstyle.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style4)initsevaluativeanddescriptivesense,ithasbeenassociatedwithliteratureasacharacteristicofgood,effectiveorbeautifulwriting.6.Leechs definition:Inabr
24、oadsense,stylecanbeappliedtobothspokenandwritten,bothliteraryandnon-literaryvarietiesoflanguage.Inatraditionalsense,styleisparticularlyassociatedwithwrittenliterarytexts.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style7.LiuShishengscollection(1998:9-10):.LiuShishengscollec
25、tion(1998:9-10):1)Styleasrhetoric(Gorgias)1)Styleasrhetoric(Gorgias)2)Styleasform(Aristotle)2)Styleasform(Aristotle)3)Styleaseloquence(Cicero)3)Styleaseloquence(Cicero)4)Styleasproperwordsinproperplaces(Swift)4)Styleasproperwordsinproperplaces(Swift)5)Styleistheman.(Buffon)5)Styleistheman.(Buffon)6)
26、Styleaspersonalidiosyncrasy6)Styleaspersonalidiosyncrasy气质，习性，癖好(Murry)(Murry)7)Styleastechniqueofexposition(Murry)7)Styleastechniqueofexposition(Murry)8)Styleasthehighestachievementofliterature(Murry)8)Styleasthehighestachievementofliterature(Murry)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为
27、或突发事件。9)Styleissayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway(Enkvist)10)Styleasashellsurroundingapreexistingcoreofthoughtorexpression(Enkvist)11)Styleasthechoicebetweenalternativeexpression(Enkvist)12)Styleasasetofcollectivecharacteristics(Enkvist)13)Styleasthoserelationsamonglinguisticentitiesthataresta
28、bleintermsofwiderspansoftextthanthesentences(Enkvist)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Definition of style14)Styleasequivalence(Jakobson)15)Styleasfunction(ThePragueSchool)16)Styleasforegrounding(Mukarovsky)17)Styleasdeviation(Spitzer)18)Styleastransformation(Ohmann)19)Styleasm
29、eaningpotential(Halliday)20)Styleasexpressiveness(Ullman)21)Styleasprominence(Halliday)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。22)Styleasformalover-determination多元决定(Riffaterre)23)Styleasdepth(Darbysgire)24)Styleasthelinguisticfeaturesthatcommunicateemotionsandthought(Murry)25)Stylea
30、sthevarietyoflanguagerestrictedbythecontext(Enkvist)26)Styleasachoiceamongthenon-distinctivefeaturesoflanguage(Bloomfield)27)Styleisasuperfluous多余的termthathasnodifferencefromformorexpression(Croce)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。28)Styleisnottheheritageofexpression,butthatofa
31、quotingprocess,asetofpatterns,amemory,aculture(Barthes)29)Styleinonesenseissynonymouswithlanguage(Wales)30)Styleastheselectionoffeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandsofgenre,form,theme,etc.(Wales)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Discussion:Whyaretheresomanydifferentwaystodefines
32、tyle?Whatdoesthisshow?Generationsofstylistshavegivendifferentdefinitionswhichenrichedtheconceptsomuchthattheissueofstylebecomesmoreandmorecomplex.Noonedefinitionisgenerallyacknowledged,whichshowsthedifficultyingivinganexactdefinitionofit.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Whatma
33、kesitdifficulttodefinestyle?1.Therehavebeenmanyviewsofstyle,whichisbasedonmanygeneralviewsoflanguage.2.Scholarshavemanydifferentpurposesintheirstylisticpractices,theirviewsofstylefocusondifferentaspectoflanguage,reflectthestagesofmansinterestinlanguageandthedevelopmentoflinguistics.CommentonthemTryt
34、oclassifythemintodifferentgroups.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。LuiShisheng(2006)Definitionsof4,6,9,10,11and12arebasedontraditionallinguistictheoryDefinitionsof14,15,16,17,18and19arebasedonstructurallinguistictheoryDefinitionsof12and20arebasedonsystemicfunctionallinguisticth
35、eories严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。秦秀白（2002）classifieddefinitionsofstyleinto7categories:1.表达方式说Styleissayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway(Enkvist)2.外衣说Styleisthedressofthought(Philip)Styleasashellsurroundingapreexistingcoreofthoughtorexpression(Enkvist)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外
36、活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。3.行为方式说Styleistheman.(Buffon)4.选择说Styleasachoiceamongthenon-distinctivefeaturesoflanguage(Bloomfield)Styleastheselectionoffeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandsofgenre,form,theme,etc.(Wales)5.社会情景制约说Styleasthevarietyoflanguagerestrictedbythecontext(Enkvist)严格执行
37、突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。6.语言成分排列说Styleasthoserelationsamonglinguisticentitiesthatarestableintermsofwiderspansoftextthanthesentences(Enkvist)7.偏离说Styleasdeviation(Spitzer)Styleasforegrounding(Mukarovsky)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Types of Styli
38、sticsTwokindsofStylistics:General Stylistics 普通文体学普通文体学Literary Stylistics 文学文体学文学文体学General Stylistics:astudyofvariousstyles,includingliterarystyle;astudyofdifferentvarietiesofEnglish;ageneralsurveyofEnglishvarieties,orageneralsurveyoftheEnglishlanguage.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各
39、类违纪行为或突发事件。Types of StylisticsLiterary Stylistics isa linguistic approach to the study of literary texts.(Short,1989)TheThreekeyconceptsare:1.touselinguisticstostudyliterarytexts,2.todiscussthetextsaccordingtoobjectivecriteriaratherthansubjectiveandimpressionisticvalues,3.toemphasizeontheaestheticpr
40、opertiesoflanguage.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Thelinguisticapproachtoliteratureisanapplicationoflinguistictheoryandmethodologytoliterarytexts.Itestablishedanintimaterelationshipbetweenlanguagestudyandliteraryappreciation.Purelinguisticsaimstomakefineanalysisofthelinguist
41、icformofatext,oftenneglectingitsaestheticeffectorartisticvalue.Traditionalliterarycriticismconcernsitselfwithsocial,moralorpoliticalevaluationsofaliterarywork,oftenneglectingitslinguisticform.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Thelinguisticapproachtoliteratureisthemeetinggroundo
42、flinguisticsandliterarycriticism.Itispartofappliedlinguisticsandatypeofpracticalcriticism.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。ItsgeneralprocesssuggestedbyLeech(1981)ItsgeneralprocesssuggestedbyLeech(1981)：Literary AppreciationLiterary Appreciation Seeking aesthetic-A B-Seeking li
43、nguisticSeeking aesthetic-A B-Seeking linguistic function function evidence evidence Linguistic description Linguistic description A processA processisusedtofindoutwhateffectalinguisticisusedtofindoutwhateffectalinguisticpatternistoproduce.patternistoproduce.B processB processisusedtodiscoverthrough
44、whatlinguisticisusedtodiscoverthroughwhatlinguisticmeanstheauthorhasachievedcertaineffect.meanstheauthorhasachievedcertaineffect.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Thetextisalwaysthefocusandthekeytosuccessisaclosestudyoflexical,syntactic,rhetoricalandstylistictraits.Thisapproach
45、usesthetheoryandmethodologyoflinguistics,grammar,rhetoric,stylistics,literarycriticismandotherareas.Itisnotapanacea(灵丹妙药)whichcanoffercompleteexplanationoftext,butratherausefultoolwhichcanprovidesomeofthethingsthatthecriticlooksfortoconfirmhisjudgments.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违
46、纪行为或突发事件。Purposes of StylisticsCrystal and Davy:Crystal and Davy:1.to analyze language habits with the main 1.to analyze language habits with the main purpose of identifying those features that are purpose of identifying those features that are restricted to certain kinds of social context;restricte
47、d to certain kinds of social context;2.to explain why such features have been used,2.to explain why such features have been used,as opposed to others;as opposed to others;3.to clarify these features into categories,3.to clarify these features into categories,based on a view of their function in the
48、social based on a view of their function in the social content.content.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Purposes of StylisticsLeech:Thegoalofliterarystylisticsistoexplaintherelationbetweenlanguageandartisticfunction,ie.torelatethecriticsconcernofaestheticappreciation(Howissuch
49、-and-suchanaestheticeffectachievedthroughlanguage?),withlinguistsconcernoflinguisticdescription(Whydoestheauthorherechoosetoexpresshimselfinthisparticularway?).严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Purposes of StylisticsTwopossiblegoalsofstylisticinquiry:(Halliday,1983)1.toshowwhya
50、ndhowthetextmeanswhatitdoes.2.toshowwhythetextisvaluedasitis.Astylisticanalysisinvolves3procedures:1.description2.interpretation3.evaluation严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Purposes of StylisticsWalesThegoalofmoststylisticsisnotsimplytodescribetheformalfeaturesoftextsfortheiro