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1、英语文体学1The Scope of StudiesLiterary stylistics:concentratingontheuniquefeaturesofvariousliteraryworks,suchaspoem,novel,prose,dramaGeneral stylistics:concentratingonthegeneralfeaturesofvarioustypesoflanguageuse,includingliterary discoursesandother practical stylesGeneral stylisticsGenres:newsreports,a
2、dvertisements,publicspeeches,scientifictreatises,legaldocumentsandotherpracticalstylesAttitudes:formalandinformallanguageMedia of communication:spokenEnglish,writtenEnglish,e-discourseRegions:BritishEnglish,AmericanEnglishandotherregionaldialectsSocial groups:standardandnon-standardlanguage(varietie
3、soflanguage)Books for Reference王佐良英语文体学引论秦秀白英语文体学入门钱瑗实用文体学教程王守仁英语文体学要略申丹文学文体学与小说翻译张德禄功能文体学I.Style and Stylistics“Takeanegg,andmakeaperforationinthebaseandacorrespondingoneintheapex.Andthen,applythelipstotheaperture,andbyfrocibly inhalingthebreath,theshellisentirelydischargedofitscontents.”I.Style an
4、d Stylistics“WhenIwasagal,theymadeaholeineachendandsucked.”I.Style and Stylistics1)When his dad died,Peter had to getanotherjob.2)After his fathers death,Peter had tochangehisjob.3)Onthedeceaseofhisfather,MrBrownwasobligedtoseekalternativeemployment.Concepts of Style1.A personsdistinctivelanguagehab
5、its,orthesetofindividualcharacteristicsoflanguageusee.g.HemingwaysstyleHenryJamessstyleMarkTwainsstyleConcepts of Style2.Someorallofthelanguagehabitssharedbya group of peopleatonetime,oroveraperiodoftime.e.g.Elizabethanstylethestyleoflegaldocumentthestyleofnewsreporting Some Senses of style1)Amansst
6、yleishismindsvoice.(RalphWaldoEmerson)2)Properwordsinproperplacesmakesthetruedefinitionofastyle.(JonathanSwift)3)Styleistheverythoughtitself.(NilsErikEnkvist)4)Styleisingratiation.Itinvolvessayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway.(NilsErikEnkvist)Some Senses of style5)Styleisashellsurroundingapreex
7、istingcoreofthought.Itisregardedasanadditiontoacentralcoreofthoughtorexpression.(NilsErikEnkvist)）Some Senses of style6)Styleischoice.Itisthechoicebetweenalterativeexpressions.(NilsErikEnkvist)7)Styleisasetofindividualcharacteristics.Itisthemanhimself.(NilsErikEnkvist)8)Styleisadeviationfromanorm.(N
8、ilsErikEnkvist)Some Senses of style9)Styleistherelationamonglinguisticentitiesthatarestableintermsofwiderspansoftextthanthesentence.(NilsErikEnkvist)10)Styleisthelinguisticfeaturesthatcommunicateemotionorthought.(JohnMiddletonMurry)Some Senses of style11)Styleispersonalidiosyncrasy(习性，癖好).(JohnMiddl
9、etonMurry)12)Styleistechniqueofexpression.(JohnMiddletonMurry)13)Styleisthehighestachievementofliterature.(JohnMiddletonMurry)Some Senses of style14)Styleistransformation.(RichardM.Ohmann)15)Styleisexpressiveness.(StephenUIIman)16)Styleisachoiceamongthenon-distinctivefeaturesoflanguage.(LeonardBloom
10、field)Some Senses of style17)Styleistheselectionoffeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandofgenre,form,theme,etc.(KatieWales)18)Styleisequivalence.(RomanJakobson&LeviStrauss)19)Styleismeaningpotential.(MichaelHalliday)Definition of styleManner indicating prominent linguistic features,devices or patterns,
11、most(or least)frequently occur in a particular text of a particular variety of language.Definition of Stylistics1.Stylistics is a discipline that studies the ways in which language is used;it is a discipline that studies the styles of language in use.2.Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which app
12、lies the theory and methodology of modern linguistics to the study of style.Definition of StylisticsStylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels.The need
13、for the study of stylistics(1)Styleisanintegralpartofmeaning.Withoutthesenseofstylewecannotarriveatabetterunderstandingofanutterance;(2)Stylisticsstudyhelpscultivateasenseofappropriateness.(grammar:correctness;stylistics:appropriateness);Who speaks what language to whom and when*Proper words in prop
14、er places make the true definition of a style.-SwiftFirst,acertainstyleisdeterminedbythecharacteristicsoftheUSERoflanguage,suchastheage,sex,education,socio-regionalorethnicbackground.Second,itsrelatedtothecharacteristicsoftheUSEoflanguageinsituation:#role-relationshipbetweenaddresserandaddressee(deg
15、reeofintimacy)#mediumofcommunication(speechorwriting)#setting:privateorpublic#purposeforwhichlanguageisused(toinform,persuade)ForExample:(1)DearSir,Imustapologizeforthedelayinreplyingtoyourletterofthe30thofDecember(2)DearJane,Imterriblysorrynottohavegotroundtowritingbeforenow1.Now allow me to propos
16、e a toast to the friendship between 2.Heres to the health of our friends!3.Cheers!4.Bottoms up!（3）StylisticstudysharpenstheunderstandingandappreciationofliteraryworksDeviation:thebreakingofnormalrulesoflinguisticstructureRepetition:theoveruseofaparticularlinguisticfeaturesForegroundinge.g.amonthago(
17、normal)agriefago(abnormal)ajoyago(abnormal)ahappinessago(abnormal)（4）Stylisticstudyhelpsachieveadaptationintranslation1.Whoevertriestotwist you up,maytheendofhisnosetake a twist.（1）谁要想捉弄你，谁的鼻子尖就会弄歪。（2）谁骗你，谁就不得好死。2.他对小儿子说，他对小儿子说，“那时候，干一天活儿累得那时候，干一天活儿累得连炕都上不去，浑身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。连炕都上不去，浑身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。”(1)Hesai
18、dtohislittleson,“At that time,Iwasso fatiguedafteradaysdrudgerythatIfounditveryhardtomountthekang.Mywholeframeachingacutely,IcouldntgotosleephoweverhardItried.”(2)Hesaidtohislittleson,“In those days,Iwasusuallysodone upafteradayshard workthatIcouldhardlyget onthekang.Asmywholebodyachedlike anything,
19、IsimplycouldntgettosleepevenItriedto.(1)Although learning is judged to require from teachers(and sometimes indeed it does),real instructors may be found not so much in school or in great laboratories as in the students powers of insight.(2)We think we learn from teachers,and we sometimes do.But teac
20、hers are not always be found in school or in great laboratories.Sometimes what we learn depends upon our own powers of insight.(3)You know,peoplearealwayssayingtheylearnfromteachers!Ok,so they do,sometimes.ButwhatIwanttoget acrossisthis:youdontalwaysfindyourteachersinschoolsorinlabs,either.No sir!So
21、metimesyoufindtheteacherrightinyourowneyesandearsandbrains.Thats where its at!学识得之于导师是人所共见的，有时也学识得之于导师是人所共见的，有时也确乎如此。但是，真正的确乎如此。但是，真正的“导师导师”大都大都不出自学校或实验室，而是学者本人的不出自学校或实验室，而是学者本人的洞察力。洞察力。大家都说我们是向老师求教，一般说来，大家都说我们是向老师求教，一般说来，情形的确如此。但是老师也并不只有在情形的确如此。但是老师也并不只有在学校或大实验室里才能找到。有时侯，学校或大实验室里才能找到。有时侯，我们学到了东西，靠的
22、是自己的心明眼我们学到了东西，靠的是自己的心明眼亮。亮。大家总是说教学教学，教师教，学生学。大家总是说教学教学，教师教，学生学。不错，有时侯是那么回事。但是，依我不错，有时侯是那么回事。但是，依我看来，老师也不是只有在学校里或者在看来，老师也不是只有在学校里或者在实验室里才能找到，不是的！有时实验室里才能找到，不是的！有时“老老师师”就在你自己的脑袋里，在你的耳朵就在你自己的脑袋里，在你的耳朵里、眼睛里，就是这么回事！里、眼睛里，就是这么回事！Four aspects of“equivalence”1.Equivalenceof semantic messageofsourcelanguage
23、andtargetlanguage.(原文的语义信息与译文的语义信息对等）2.Equivalenceof stylisticmessageofsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.(原文的风格信息与译文的风格信息对等）Four aspects of“equivalence”3.Equivalenceof cultural messageofsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.(原文的文化信息与译文的文化信息对等)4.Equivalenceof responseofsourcelanguagereadersandtargetreaders.(
24、原文的读者反应与译文的读者反应对等)The procedure of stylistic analysis(accurate)description(reasonable)interpretation(fair)evaluationHomework1.Whatdoesgeneralstylisticsstudy?2.Whyshouldwelearnstylistics?3.Whatistheaimofstylistics?4.Paraphrasethegirlswordsinproperstyle.5.Giveexamplesofimproperstylesyoucomeacrossindailylifeandtrytoimprovethem.Assessment30%:Attendance(10%)Participationinclassroomactivities(10%)Assignments(10%)70%:Finalexamination Thank YouThank You此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢