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1、英语写作常见错误英语写作常见错误分析分析2021/8/9 星期一1一一 不一致（不一致（DisagreementsDisagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等例例 When one have money,he can do what When one have money,he can do what he want to.he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)剖析：剖析：oneone是单数第三人称，因而本句
2、的是单数第三人称，因而本句的havehave应应改为改为has;has;同理，同理，wantwant应改为应改为wants.wants.本句是典型本句是典型的主谓不一致的主谓不一致改为：改为：Once one has money,he can do what Once one has money,he can do what he wants(to do)he wants(to do)2021/8/9 星期一2二二 修饰语错位（修饰语错位（Misplaced Misplaced ModifiersModifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置
3、，句子的含义可能引句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解例要的误解例 I believe I can I believe I can do it well and I will better know do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.the world outside the campus.剖析：剖析：betterbetter位置不当，应置于句末位置不当，应置于句末2021/8
4、/9 星期一3三三 句子不完整（句子不完整（Sentence Sentence FragmentsFragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生想加些补充说明时发生例例 There are many ways to There are many ways to know the socie
5、ty.For example by know the society.For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.TV,radio,newspaper and so on.2021/8/9 星期一4剖析：本句后半部分剖析：本句后半部分for for example by TV,radio,newspaper example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”and so on.”不是一个完整的句不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句独立成句改为：改为：There are m
6、any ways to There are many ways to know society,for example,by know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.TV,radio,and newspaper.2021/8/9 星期一5四四 悬垂修饰语（悬垂修饰语（Dangling ModifiersDangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the At the age of ten,my grandfat
7、her died.age of ten,my grandfather died.这句这句中中at the age of tenat the age of ten只点出十岁时，只点出十岁时，但没有说明但没有说明”谁谁”十岁时按一般推理不十岁时按一般推理不可能是可能是my grandfather,my grandfather,如果我们把这个如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了解了改为：改为：When I was ten,my grandfather died.When I was ten,my grandfather died.2021/8/9
8、 星期一6例例:To do well in college,good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚的逻辑主语不清楚改为：改为：To do well in college,a student needs good grades.2021/8/9 星期一7五五 词性误用词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Misuse of Parts of Speech)Speech)“词性误用词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等容词
9、当副词用；名词当动词用等例例:None can negative the importance None can negative the importance of money.of money.剖析：剖析：negative negative 系形容词，误作动词。系形容词，误作动词。改为：改为：None can deny the importance of money.None can deny the importance of money.2021/8/9 星期一8六六 指代不清指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Ambiguous Reference of Pron
10、ouns)Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完
11、上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。了然了。2021/8/9 星期一9这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代
12、词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.2021/8/9 星期一10七七 不间断句子不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)Run-on Sentences)什么叫什么叫run-on sentence?run-on sentence?请看下面的请看下面的例句。例句。例例:There are many ways we get to There are many ways we get to know the outside world.know the outside world.
13、剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：思：“There are many ways.”There are many ways.”以及以及“We get to know the outside We get to know the outside world.”world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。不妥当了。2021/8/9 星期一11改为：改为：There are many ways for us There are many ways for us to learn about the outside to learn about
14、 the outside world.world.或：或：There are many ways through There are many ways through which we can become which we can become acquainted with the outside acquainted with the outside worldworld2021/8/9 星期一12八八 措词毛病措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Troubles in Diction)Diction Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地是指在特定的句子中如何适当
15、地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例例:The increasing use of chemical The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes obstacles in a
16、griculture also makes pollution.pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。了污染。)2021/8/9 星期一13剖析：显然，考生把剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“obstacles“障碍障碍”，“障碍物障碍物”误作误作substance“substance“物质物质”了。另外了。另外“the increasing use the increasing use(不断增加的使用不断增加的使用)”)”应改为应改为“abusive use(abusive use(滥用滥用)”)”。改为：改为：The ab
17、usive use of chemical The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.causes/leads to pollution.2021/8/9 星期一14九九 累赘累赘(Redundancy)Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不能用单词的不用词组；
18、能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：用从句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.lazy,I like him.本句的本句的“the fact that he is the fact that he is lazy”lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：可以改为：In spite of his laziness,I like In spite of his laziness,I like him
19、.him.2021/8/9 星期一15例：例：For the people who are For the people who are diligent and kind,money is just diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：改为：Diligent,caring people use money Dili
20、gent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.only to buy what they need.2021/8/9 星期一16十十 不连贯不连贯(Incoherence)Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例：例：The fresh water,it is the most The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.i
21、mportant things of the earth.剖析：剖析：The fresh water The fresh water 与逗号后的与逗号后的it it 不不连贯。连贯。It It 与与things things 在数方面不一致。在数方面不一致。改为：改为：Fresh water is the most important Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.thing in the world.2021/8/9 星期一17十一十一 综合性语言错误综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)Co
22、mprehensive Misusage)所谓所谓“综合性语言错误综合性语言错误”，是指除了，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。误。例：例：Today,Money to everybody is Today,Money to everybody is very importance,ours eat,very importance,ours eat,cloth,live,go etc.cloth,live,go etc.2021/8/9 星期一182021/8/9 星期一192021/8/9 星期一20