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1、高中英语写作微技能训练写作微技能训练第二章第二章 句子写作微技能训练（略）句子写作微技能训练（略）第三章第三章 段落写作微技能训练段落写作微技能训练一篇好文章建构于良好的段落上，没有适当的段落，即使句子没有语法错误，也不算是一篇好文章。吴忠高级中学 王志红第一节 段落=主题句+发展句+结尾句由主题句加上数个支持论点和结尾句就构成一个段落，数个段落就构成一篇文章。这就是英语作文的基本框架。A.I have an old bike which my father gave me for my 12th birthday.I received a lot of presents that day,b
2、ut the bike was my favorite one.We had cake and ice cream at the party.Then we rode our bike to the park.Jim had an accident on his bike and had to see a doctor.Then it started to rain.I rode my bike back home and did my homework.After dinner I took my bike out again and rode around the neighborhood
3、.All my friends wanted to try my new bike.I t was my favorite present that day.What a busy birthday I had!B.B.My bike is old,but it isnt useless.Many of my friends and family members tell ma that I should buy a new bike,but my old one still works well.I can ride it to the stores,to the park,and to s
4、chool.It is so old that no one will steal it.Someone might steal a new bike,but not an old one.Last week my mothers motorcycle had a problem,so she borrowed my bike to visit her friend.Sometimes a bike is even more useful than a motorcycle!We should not throw things away just because they are old.We
5、 should use things till they become useless.B练习2.猜猜看到底哪一段写得好，A段还是B段？Why?A.The birds were singing early in the morning.They woke me up,and I dressed myself in my new clothes.I had bought them in a department store just the day before.They were on sale,and there were more people in the department stor
6、e than I had ever seen before.I was lucky to find the clothes I wanted on sale.After breakfast,I went to school and showed off my new clothes.B.I heard the first birds singing,but they didnt wake me up.Actually,.I couldnt get to sleep that night.As the first light entered my bedroom,I saw them laid
7、out on my chair,just waiting for me to wear.The day before I had bought these new clothes on sale at a department store.I didnt mind all the people because I found just the clothes I wanted.I felt so excited because I could show them off at school.B练习3.分析下面的段落，找出其主题句、发展句和结尾句。总共有几个论点来支持主题句？主题句与结尾句以哪些
8、相同的字来连贯A.My brothers room is the messiest room in the world!If you open his door,you will first notice that you cannot walk easily inside his room.Old magazines and comic books are all over the floor.I dont think that a dog would sleep in his bed because of all the dirty clothes on it.His desk looks
9、 like a garbage can.Only a pig would be happy in my brothers room.Can you imagine a messier room than my brothers?B.I support the city governments punishment on drunk driving.Many people complain that the new law against drunk driving is too strict,but I dont agree.No one has the right to hurt other
10、s.Drunk drivers sometimes hit other cars and even kill other people.Laws are made to protect everyone,not only people who like to drink.Besides,you can drink and have someone else drive you home or simply take a taxi.Drunk driving is dangerous for everyone,so I support the strict new law by the city
11、 government against drunk driving.第二节 主题句写作微技能训练大多数的段落写作，作者会在一开头就把中心思想点出。这叫主题句。主题句是由主题（Topic）加上作者对主题的看法（idea)构成。主题句不一定是一个句子，有时也可能是两个句子构成一个观点。e.g.Computers are not always so convenient!Computers 是主题，not always so convenient是作者对主题的看法练习1 指出下列主题句中的主题和作者对主题的看法。1.Riding a bicycle can be fun.2.Kite flying
12、is not only for children.3.Sometimes“little white lies”can get you into trouble.4.My favorite gift cost nothing.5.I thought summer camp was boring until last summer.练习2.到底哪一段写得好，A篇还是B篇？Why?A.I worked very hard yesterday,but I felt really good at the end of that long day.My father asked me to help hi
13、m paint our new apartment yesterday morning.At first I wanted to watch TV or go out with my friends.After thinking about it,though,I realized that I should help around our house,too.Our house is not a hotel.Besides,my father often does a lot of things for me.We worked together all morning and aftern
14、oon.By dinner time I was tired and hungry,but I felt good.We finished the painting,and the house looked and smelled new.Playing around is not the only way to feel good.B.My father asked me to help him paint our new apartment yesterday morning.At first I wanted to watch TV or go out with my friends.A
15、fter thinking about it,though,I realized that I should help around our house,too.Our house is not a hotel.Besides,my father often does a lot of things for me.We worked together all morning and afternoon.By dinner time I was tired and hungry,but I felt good.We finished the painting,and the house look
16、ed and smelled new.Playing around is not the only way to feel good.A选出最恰当的主题句，并简要分析原因。_ You may think that the ring has a diamond in it,but it doesnt.You may think that the ring is made of gold,but it isnt.You may also think that the ring was very expensive,but youre wrong.It cost nothing to make.My
17、 boyfriend made it out of some old leather,but he made it with love.That is why it is my favorite gift.A.My boyfriend made a leather ring.B My favorite gift is a ring from my boyfriend.C My favorite ring is a diamond ring.D.My boyfriend gave me a gold ring.BB._.My neighbor Joe is a quiet boy.He does
18、nt have many friends.No one invites him to parties because they dont know him very well.One day when I was walking home,some boys from another school stopped me and asked me for money.When I said no,one of them started hitting me.A minute later,Joe was by my side helping me.The other boys ran away.P
19、eople say,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”Joe is now my best friend.A.A good friend is hard to know wellB.How I met my best friend at a party.C.Now I understand what a real friend is.D.Joe is my best friend who doesnt like parties.CC _ Test can be useful,but not everything important is on test
20、.We can test what in inside of books,but we cannot test how we feel or what we imagine.Students need more time to think about their own lives,not only take tests in school.Teachers should help students to learn by experience,not only reading and writing.For the above reasons,I think teachers should
21、give students fewer tests.A.Test play a part in learning,so we need tests.B.Should teachers give students a lot of test?I dont think so.C.C.Should teachers give students time to think about life?I think so.D.Should teachers give students about life experience?I think so.BD._ changing the color of on
22、es hair is like changing the color of ones clothes.If a student wears black shoes one day and brown shoes the next,has he done anything wrong?Why should students look all the same?Modern people are free to choose their own clothes.Why shouldnt students have the right to change the color of their own
23、 hair?A.I think students should not color their hair.B.I think coloring their hair is a new trend for students.C.I think coloring their hair makes students look cool.D.I think students should be allowed to color their hair.DE._ Last month I took an important math test at school.I sat next to the sma
24、rtest kid in our class,and I copied almost all of his answers.He got 98 on the test,and I got a 92.My parents were happy,my teacher was happy,and my classmates were proud of me.But I feel lousy.I didnt learn anything.I cant cheat all through my life.From now on,Im going to work harder so I dont have
25、 to cheat again.A.Ill never cheat on a test again.B.Ill copy harder from now on.C.Feeling proud is not good for us.D.Getting good grades makes me feel happy.AF._.From the early morning before my alarm rings until after I go to sleep at night,that dog is always making noise.He is friendly to my neigh
26、bor,of course,but he is unfriendly to everyone else in the neighborhood.Children are even afraid to walk by his house because of his dog.Whenever they see that big,brown dog,they run home quickly.I would like to tell my neighbor about his dog,but Im afraid of it,too!A.Dogs are peoples good friends.B
27、.I dont like my neighbors dog.C.Barking dogs wont bite.D.Dogs sometimes are dangerous.B给下面的段落写出恰当的主题句。偷偷地告诉你一个秘笈，下笔前先看看结尾句A._.When I decided that I really wanted to learn English,I made the mistake of thinking that I could learn it quickly.I bought some books and tapes that said,“Learn English in th
28、ree months!”Nonsense!No one can learn a foreign language quickly.I even dated an American girl,but I paid more attention to her than her English,so I didnt learn very much.Now I understand that only if I work hard for a long time will I learn English well.Nobody can learn English well very quickly.B
29、 _.First,learning how to dress,wear makeup,and groom our hair are all important social skills which will become important to us after graduation.Most kids who have to wear uniforms look like slobs()on the weekend.Another reason that students should not wear uniforms is because students look like pie
30、ces of machinery in a factory.In this modern Information Age,creativity is more important than conformity().How can anyone be creative when he looks like everyone else?Finally,wearing uniforms can be uncomfortable.Were supposed to change our winter uniform to our spring uniform on a certain day ever
31、y year,but nobody told Mother Nature that!We freeze or sweat because of this several days every year.For the above reasons,I am totally opposed(反对的）to students having to wear uniforms to school.I am strongly against the idea that students should always wear uniform to school.第三节 结尾句写作微技能训练结尾句是把段落内所提
32、过的事情，结尾句是把段落内所提过的事情，再简要地叙再简要地叙述一遍，从而形成完整的文章。常常换句话述一遍，从而形成完整的文章。常常换句话再把开头的主题重申一次或重申之外再加上再把开头的主题重申一次或重申之外再加上某种教诲或感受。某种教诲或感受。练习1 选出最恰当的结尾句，并简要分析原因。What is your favorite restaurant?Mine is Fridays,of course!At Fridays I can order any kind of Western food I like,such as hamburger,salad,French fries,steak
33、,and all kinds of sandwiches.The waiters and waitresses wear funny and interesting clothes,too,and their service is very good.Although Fridays is not as cheap as McDonalds,it is not very expensive,either._.A.Fridays is my favorite restaurant because of its delicious food.B.Fridays is my favorite res
34、taurant because they serve well.C.To sum up,because its price is high,Fridays is my favorite restaurant.D.All in all,because of the good food,great service,and reasonable price,Fridays is my favorite restaurant.DB.A field trip to a museum is the best way to learn about art.Last month our art teacher
35、 took us on a field trip to the Museum of Modern Art.We took a bus to the museum and spent two hours there.Looking at real paintings and sculptures is much more interesting and educational than looking at them in books.The museum also gave everyone a small book to explain the art._A.Looking at paint
36、ings and sculptures in books gives us much fun.B.Schools arrange field trips for students.C.Seeing real works of art in a museum is the best way to appreciate art.D.A museum gives students a lot of information about art.CC.Of the four seasons in a year,summer is my favorite.In autumn,you never know
37、what to wear.One day is hot,nut the next day is cold.Winter in not only cold,but it is also the time when many people get sick.Spring brings too much rain.Summer is the time for travel,relaxation and fun._.A.Thats why people like summer very much.B.For me,summer is the best season of the year.C.Summ
38、er brings us a lot of fun.D.Spring is the best season of all.BD.Do you know the difference between red meat and white meat?Red meat means meats which are red in color,like beef and pork.White meat,of course,means meats which are white in color,like chicken and duck.Seafood is usually considered whit
39、e meat,too.Doctors say that white meat is better for our health than red meat,but it is all right to eat some red meat._A.Red meat and white meat are both the same;they are of the same kind.B.Although white meat is better for our health than red meat,remember not to eat too much meat.C.So,there is n
40、o difference between red meat and white meat.D.Truly,people like both red meat and white meat.B练习2 下面有两篇文章，请选出较好的一篇，并分析原因。A.“Practice makes perfect”is really a good saying.At the beginning of our summer vacation,my friends invited me to go swimming with them.I was embarrassed to tell them that I cou
41、ldnt swim.My best friend Jill told me that she would help me.Every day during the vacation for an hour or two,Jill slowly taught me how to swim.Before our classes began again,I could swim one time across the swimming pool.How happy I was!I now understand the true meaning of friendship.B.Now I really
42、 understand what“Practice makes perfect”means.Half a year ago,I didnt know how to swim.To be honest,I was even afraid of going into swimming pool.My best friend Jill told me that she would help me.Day after day during the summer vacation,Jill spent an hour or two with me every day,showing me how to
43、swim.At the end of the summer vacation,I could swim once across the pool.I never felt so happy in my life!Now I realize that,if you want to succeed at anything,you must practice day after day until you are successfulB第四节 发展句写作微技能训练发展句是用来细述主题句的中心思想，把观点解释清楚。主题句Night markets are very popular in Asia be
44、cause they provide more than goods and service.发展句Both day and night markets offer food,clothing,and school supplies,etc.They both offer furniture,things for the home,and medicine.However,mostly housewives use the day market.At night,the whole family can go out to eat or shop together and enjoy the
45、games and shows.结尾句Thus,night markets are also an important form of entertainment in Asian societies.练习1 请找出主题句，发展句及结尾句。A.Choosing the right gift does not have to be a problem.Knowing the purpose of the gift is very important.You dont want to buy food for someones graduation or wedding.Knowing the p
46、erson well helps,too.What does your friend or relative like best?Dont worry about the price.Remember,“Its the thought that counts.”A simple,practical gift is more appreciated than an expensive but useless one.Keeping the above advice in mind will make shopping for your next gift much easier.B.Many p
47、eople try to lose weight,but they usually fail.There are two main reasons to explain this.People often tell themselves that they can lose a lot of weight in a short time.Actually,losing weight takes a long time if you want to stay lighter.Eating strange foods does not help,either.People will lose in
48、terest in their diet and go back to their old ways.Eating less gradually is the best way to lose weight.C.Everyone knows that learning English is very important today.In our city,however,English is not used very much.How can a student learn English well in such an environment?Besides reading,student
49、s can listen to English on radio programmes every day.They can join an English club at school to practice listening and speaking.They can also practice speaking with classmates,relatives,or others who know some English.Making English a habit is a sure way to succeed at learning it.练习2 下面有两篇文章，判断哪篇更好
50、，并分析原因。A.If you could have only three books,what would they be?I would first choose a dictionary.A dictionary is not very expensive and has a lot of information in it.There are dictionaries for every language.Maybe I would buy a Chinese-English dictionary.Then I would want a history book.I have alwa