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1、英语专题之非谓语动词非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能名称名称语语 法法 功功 能能 主语主语宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足语足语表语表语定语定语状语状语不定不定式式动名动名词词现在现在分词分词过去过去分词分词可充当成分可充当成分:主语主语,宾语宾语,宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状状语语.一、不定式一、不定式不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改，作主宾时用作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏
2、。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，宾补要把宾补要把to甩开甩开；疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前forsb.;to前前not是否定是否定，各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略1.不定式作主语不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfivemin
3、utestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、m
4、anage、try、arrange、determine、desire1.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.AlikingBtobelikeCtolikeDtobeliking2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.不定式作表语不定式作表语l lWhatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.l lThemostimportantt
5、hingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质 HeistomarryRose.表按计划要做的事情表按计划要做的事情.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语l lIneedapentowritewith.l lCharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.l lThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.5.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmet
6、ogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、haveMyadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake6.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowint
7、hematch.相当于用相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的引导的目的状语目的状语.1.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCsoastobereceivedDsoastober
8、eceiving3._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindout BFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.having C.tohaveD.have7.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语l l常用常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto,
9、such+名词名词astodo引导。引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadle
10、ft.A.tofindB.findingB.C.foundD.tohavefound8.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.9.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid
11、、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等等动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。此外，此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
12、1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveB.C.tohave
13、beenleftD.tobeleft10.不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象l l不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和和使役动词使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略不定式省略to。l l例例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.l l介词介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去不定式要省去to。l l例例Wedidnoth
14、ingbut/exceptwaitthen.l l不定式符号不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词有行为动词do,作表语的不定式作表语的不定式to可省略。可省略。例例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC
15、.takeD.taken11.不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略l l动词动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式不定式符号。符号。1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,Iwouldliketogoto
16、theGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that句式句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe
17、,要保留不要保留不定式后的定式后的be或或have。例例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdontknow_.A.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodoB.2.Hisvoicemademe_terrible.C.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.feltD.3.Myparentstoldme_peoplewhentheyareintrouble.E.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatC.dontlaughatD.n
18、otlaughatD.4.Itsbadmanners_rudetopeople.A.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeingB.5.Itsinteresting_ustotakepartinthegames.C.A.ofB.toC.forD.at6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpec
19、tCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going D.havinggone二、动名词二、动名词l l充当成分充当成分:主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语1.动名词作主语动名词作主语l lSeeingisbelieving.l lPlayingche
20、ssisfun.l lItsnousewaitinghere.2.动名词作表语动名词作表语l lThenursesjobislookingafterthepatients.l lThenurseislookingafterthepatients.3.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语l l下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。
21、l lDoyoumindmyopeningthewindows?l l下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.4.动名词作定语动名词作定语l l动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系.l lre
22、adingtextl lasleepingbagl lawalkingstickl lrunningwaterl ldevelopedcountryl lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.l lSheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.l lHisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.l lIcantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlive
23、dnearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having高考点击高考点击3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatB.C.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntr
24、isk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingB.C.tobelostD.beinglost三、分词三、分词l l现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词.l l充当成分充当成分:l l宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.（一）现在分词（一）现在分词1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果件、结果等状语。等状语。V-ing形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语
25、从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go to school.Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.（方式）（方式）If you use your head,you will find
26、 a way.Though weighing almost one hundred jin,the box was lifted by him with one hand.We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）解析1.当当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语语保持一致；
27、否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your head,you will find a way.=Though it weighes l l注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。语态性语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进主动进行，被动完成行，被动完成”。人称一致性人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的。分词的逻辑主
28、语就是句子的主语。主语。1._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted2Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking3Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecausedCtocauseDhavi
29、ngcaused4_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparatedBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung2Readingisanexperience
30、quitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt（二）过去分词（二）过去分词1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语l l过过去分去分词词作状作状语语，相当于一个状，相当于一个状语语从从句，用来句，用
31、来说说明原因、明原因、时间时间、条件等。、条件等。分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为主语，这种结构称为独立主格独立主格结构。如：结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况
32、伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示表示条件条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply mo
33、ved by the story,the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved,the children began to cry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesec
34、ret.1_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3
35、M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.分词作宾补分词作宾补l l1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等等l l2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动作的承受者，构成
36、逻辑上的动宾关系。l lTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.l lWhenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如如:1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworry
37、B.C.worryingD.worry3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点:1.主语一致主语一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourist
38、s2Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings2.with的复合结构的复合结构with+名词名词+doingtododone1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherd
39、octorshelptoendherlife.AHavinggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure非谓语动词练习非谓语动词练习Canyousparemesometime?Imafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_.A.doingwithB.todoforC.todeal D.todealwithIcantunderstand_atthatpoorchild.A.youtolaugh B.youlaughingC.youlaughD.whylaughDontusewor
40、ds,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02A.beingknownB.havingknownC.tobeknownD.known_tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.02A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.03A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaug
41、htD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03A.takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken_moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.go
42、ingD.havinggoneThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.03A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improvingThedaywelookedforwardto_.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recordedB.recordi
43、ngC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedShesetoutsoonafterdark,homeanhourlater.AarrivingBtoarriveChavingarrivedDandarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere_morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.AisBbeingChavebeenDtobe_intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05A.PutB.
44、PuttingC.Havingput D.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_,istruerthananyother.A.oncegained B.whentogainC.aftergained D.whilegainingThefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingbeenwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.writtenTh
45、evisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedThebell_theendoftheclassrang,_ourheateddiscussion.01A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_an
46、dleftheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealingTheoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(04江苏卷江苏卷)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedYouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneIsthisthewatch
47、youwish_?A.tohaverepairedB.B.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepairedThisistheproblem_atthenextmeeting.A.todiscussB.tobediscussedC.discussedD.beingdiscussed_manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.HavingtoldWithmanytroublesomeproblems,suchasunemp
48、loymentandcrime_,themayorseemstobeataloss.A.remainedtosolveB.remainingtobesolvedC.remainedtobesolvedD.remainingtosolveProfessorSmithissaid_anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomakeTheyusedwhattheyhad_fortheirdaughter.A.tobuyanewdressB.buyinganewclothesC.boughtanew
49、suitD.buyanewclothingThelittlegirlcame,_acakewithtwo_candlesonit.A.bringing;litB.carrying;lightedC.brought;litD.brought;lightedTechnologyhasmadethedeliveryofinformationlessdifficult,thus_informationavailabletomorepeople.A.tomake B.madeC.making D.tohavemadeHispoor_Englishpreventedhim_.A.spoken;fromun
50、derstandingB.spoken;frombeingunderstoodC.speaking;fromunderstandingD.speaking;frombeingunderstoodWhoarethosepeoplewiththebanners(标语标语)?Agroup_itselftheleagueforpeace.A.calling B.callC.calledD.iscalledYouweresillynotyourcar.(04湖南卷湖南卷)A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedWhenhecameback,hefound