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1、Members of sentence:S-subjectV-verbP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbOc-object complement 主宾表补定状谓第1页/共35页句子基本成分I saw a tall boy take your book just now.主主谓谓宾宾定定补补状状第2页/共35页 B：简单句五种基本句型：简单句五种基本句型简单句：只有简单句：只有一个一个主语主语(或并列主语或并列主语)和和 一个一个谓语谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语)的句子的句子:第3页/共35页主+谓(S+V)主+系+表(S+V+P)主
2、+谓+宾(S+V+O)五种基本句型分别是五种基本句型分别是：12345主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+DO)主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+C)第4页/共35页基本句型基本句型 一一(subject)(subject)+V(verb)(verb)（主谓）（主谓）（主谓）（主谓）特点特点:句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.e.g.His wordsHis words worksworks.S S VSummer is coming
3、.第5页/共35页高考经常考查的不及物动词:“发生”_;_;_;_“爆发“_“用完,用光”_;_.不及物动词的用法:无_,无_happen occurtake place come aboutbreak outrun out give out 宾语被动语态第6页/共35页油用完了TheoilhasbeenrunoutTheoilhasrunout.我们学校发生了很大变化Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschool.(F)（T）(F)(T)第7页/共35页基本句型 二+（主系表主系表）特点：句子谓
4、语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的意思，表达一个完整的意思，必须必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构构 成成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做(连连)系系动词。动词。系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类：1 1）be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的只起连系主语和表语的 作用作用,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词；2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等等 +adj.3）表示变化：）表示变化：get,grow,become
5、,turn,go等等 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等等 +adj.+adj.第8页/共35页系动词的用法:(注意三点)+_作表语;无_;无_;e.g.Thedish_.(尝起来好吃)Thestory_.(听起来有趣).Thisfish_（变质了）adj.宾语被动语态tastes delicioussounds interestinggoes bad第9页/共35页练习：标出下列句子的系动词。1.Weshouldkeepcool.2.Whendidyoubecomeateacher?3.Hownicethemeetsmells!4.K
6、FCtastesnice.5.Treesturnyellowinautumn.6.Whenwillyoubeback?第10页/共35页 基本句型基本句型 三三+（主谓宾主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.S Vo第11页/共35页 S V(Vt.)O1.她经常帮她妈妈。她经常帮她妈妈。She often helps her mother.2.我想
7、要一杯茶。我想要一杯茶。I want a cup of tea.第12页/共35页 基本句型基本句型 四四 +InO+D（主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表达完宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直直 接承受者接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。通常可改为通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.+InO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an apple to me.InOD第13页/共35页 S V (Vt.)InO DO1.She pa
8、ssed him a new dress.She passed a new dress to him.2.John 告诉我他的想法。告诉我他的想法。John told me his idea.John told his idea to me.3.妈妈给我买了一台新电脑。妈妈给我买了一台新电脑。My mum bought me a new computer.My mum bought a new computer for me.第14页/共35页练习：标出下列句子的直接宾语和练习：标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。间接宾语。1.Can you do me a favor?2.Lei Feng s
9、et us a good example.3.He found me my bike.4.Tom lent her some money.5.Ill write you a letter tonight.第15页/共35页 基本句型 五+O（主谓宾宾补）补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。名词名词,形容词形容词,副词副词,介词短语介词短语,不定式不定式,现在分词现在分词和过去分词过去分词可充当宾补.e.g.We made him the manager.SI consider the book too expensive.VOOC第16页/共35页 宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语：1
10、.I consider JimI consider Jim a good frienda good friend.()2.I always find herI always find her happyhappy.()3.People praised himPeople praised him as a heroas a hero.()4.I had the TVI had the TV fixedfixed.()5.I saw himI saw him enteringentering the buildingthe building.()6.What made youWhat made y
11、ou thinkthink so?so?()7.Do you want meDo you want me to goto go?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式第17页/共35页第18页/共35页1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshad
12、e.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)第19页/共35页指出翻译有误的句子，并将其改正过来。1.Theclothtouchessoft.2.Wereyousleepgoodlastnight?3.Thecheesecutseasily4.Themachinehappensproblem.5.Theproblemisstillunsolved.6.Shegraduallybecomessilent.7.Protecttheenvironment,everyonehasduty.8.Requiremetofinishthetask
13、inanhourisimpossible.第20页/共35页 基本句型的扩展:e.g.We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers list
14、ening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe._第21页/共35页 同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry.Youll get a surprise.He got his shoes and socks wet.在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found t
15、he book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。(S V P)(S V O)(S V O C)(S V O)（S V O C）第22页/共35页并列句(compound sentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。第23页/共35页常用并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.but,while,yetfor,soor,第24页/共35页请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并
16、列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Icantaffordit.He was tired,so he went to bed.The dress is really beautiful,but I cant afford it.第25页/共35页3.Mary is cooking.John is greeting guests.Mary is cooking,and/while John is greeting guests.第26页/共35页4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers
17、.1.He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.2.Not only does he work hard but he also likes helping others.第27页/共35页(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.第28页/共35页 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，简单句，并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers nam
18、e is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句 复
19、合句 复合句第29页/共35页 Analyze the sentences:I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.SV_ OcSVPAc（）_S_VOOC第30页/共35页 Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is one thing that really m
20、ust be experienced.SVP_ _SAd.C(状从状从)SVP_At.C(定从定从)第31页/共35页 At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.S()At.(定语定语)VP()At.(定语定语)第32页/共35页 Then gradually between about AD 800and 1150 English became less like Germanbecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.SVPAd.CSVO_()At.C(定从定从)第33页/共35页 Homework1.Preview Unit 12.Analyze 5 sentences第34页/共35页感谢您的观看！第35页/共35页