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1、Unit 8第1页/共68页第2页/共68页构 成由动词原形加-ing构成时态和语态的变化主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done第3页/共68页功能动词的-ing形式及其短语可以在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，补足语和状语。否定式由not加动名词组成第4页/共68页Learning is difficult but interesting.Waving ones hand is to say“Hi”or“Goodbye”.Learning how to apologize is importa
2、nt in international communication.Walking is good for health.Seeing is believing.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.第5页/共68页【注】在下面结构中，可用it作形式主语，把真正的主语即动名词放在句末。Its no good talking about it.谈也无用。Its no good helping him.He doesnt help himself.Its no use arguing with Tom.He is stubborn.
3、Its no use crying over spilt milk.It is no gooduse+动词ing 干没有用第6页/共68页一、作直接宾语eg.Gesture is a way to express meaning and feeling without words.Taking nodding the head for example.第7页/共68页只可接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词：avoid,避免；appreciate,欣赏；admit,承认；consider,考虑；delay,拖延，推迟；dislike；enjoy；escape,逃避；excuse,原谅，宽恕；fin
4、ish,complete；forgive,原谅；imagine,想象；keep,保持；mind,介意；prevent,阻止；miss,错过，想念；practice,练习；suggest,advise,介意；risk，冒险。第8页/共68页eg.I have to delay answering the letter.All of us enjoy playing football.Excuse my coming late.Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor?Would you mind my smoking here?Do you
5、mind giving me a glass of water?Of course,I cant prevent your coming.We should practice reading English every day.He suggested going for a walk.I advise waiting till the proper time.I miss living in the country.I dont want to miss seeing that play on TV tonight.第9页/共68页后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的短语动词：feel like,
6、喜欢，想要.;give up,放弃；put off,推迟；be fond of,喜欢；be interested in,感兴趣；look forward to,期望；cant help,禁不住;spend in,花费；devoteto,奉献；contribute to,有助于；refer to,指的是；lead to,通向；Prefer doing A to doing B,宁愿A不愿B;insist on,坚持；object to,反对。第10页/共68页eg.We are fond of swimming.I dont feel like going to work today.Im lo
7、oking forward to getting another job.I prefer walking to riding.I dont think his words contribute to solving the hard problem.第11页/共68页二、作介词宾语1.One cannot use English well by knowing only the words and grammar.2.Whenever you come across new words in your reading,look them up in the dictionary.3.Noth
8、ing can be learned without giving time and effort to it.4.We are tired of having the same kind of food every day.5.He earns his living by teaching.6.Instead of going to Zhongshan Park,they went to the Zoo.第12页/共68页 to do sty.doing sth.forgetrememberregretmeango onstop try忘记去做某事忘记已经做过某事记住去做某事记住曾做过某事遗
9、憾去做某事后悔做过某事打算/想做某事意味着做某事（做完某事）接着去做另一件事继续做同一件事停下来去做另一件事停止做一件事努力去做某事试着做某事第13页/共68页stop stop to do 停下来去做另一件事（两件事）stop doing 停止正在做的事（一件）eg.We are too tired,we stop _.A.have a rest B.to have a rest C.having a rest D.had a rest Seeing the teacher come in,all students stop_.A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.tal
10、kedtryeg.The young man tries _her husband not to go out.A.persuade B.persuading C.to persuade D.persuaded He tries doing the job by himself.第14页/共68页forget,rememberforget to do忘记去做（还没有做）forget doing忘记做过（已做）remember to do记得去做（还没有做）remember doing 记得做过（已做）eg.Dont forget_ the windows when you leave the
11、house.A.close B.to close C.closed D.closingI remember _ the old man some day,but I forgot about his name.A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen第15页/共68页regreteg.I regret to inform you:you are arrested.The old man regrets beating his grandson.go oneg.The little girl has a rest and goes on _.A.study B.studyin
12、g C.to study D.studiedAlthough it is dark,Mary goes on _.A.study B.studying C.to study D.studiedmeaneg.I dont mean _ him to take part in my party,but my words mean _.A.to invite;to invite B.to invite;inviting C.inviting;to invite D.inviting;inviting第16页/共68页His favorite sport is skating.What she lik
13、es best is singing pop songs.The story is very moving.The news is surprising.Her job was looking after the pigs.His hobbies is collecting stamps.【注】动名词作表语时，不可与进行时态相混淆。试比较：She was washing clothes.（现在进行时）Her job was washing clothes.（动名词）第17页/共68页tips动名词：笼统、泛指的意思；抽象或经常性的动作。动词不定式：具体或特定的动作.eg.The student
14、s like playing football.这些学生喜欢踢足球。（经常性的爱好）Would you like to play football this afternoon.你今天下午愿意踢球吗？（指一次的动作）第18页/共68页动词的-ing形式以单词形式作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之前eg.a reading room阅览室 writing paper信纸 a walking stick 拐杖 building materials建筑材料 a sleeping boy睡着的男孩 a flying kite飞着的风筝This reminds me of Italy,when it was
15、still a developing country.My father works in a printing shop.Our school built a swimming pool last summer.Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.以短语形式作定语时，置于所修饰的名词之后。The woman coming to dinner this evening is a friend of my mothers.第19页/共68页-ing分词作定语可以表示 (1)所修饰名词的用途。如：a waiting room(=a room f
16、or waiting)候车室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking)手杖 a sleeping car(=a car for sleeping)卧车（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如：exciting news 令人激动的消息 a moving story 一个令人感动的故事所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。如：a sleeping child(=a child who is sleeping)正睡觉的孩子a walking man(=a man who is walking)正散步的男人the man standing at the gate=th
17、e man who is standing at the gate第20页/共68页在see,hear,feel,watch,notice，listen to,observe等感官动词以及find,look at,smell,get,leave,have等后可以用-ing 形式做宾语补足语，表示宾语进行的动作，具有“主动”和“进行”的含义。eg.Sometime in the night Bill woke and found Joe sitting up in bed,crying.His son felt unhappy when he saw his classmates wearing
18、 brand clothes.It is quite rude to talk with a person in your native language and leave your American friends standing there.第21页/共68页1.时间，原因，方式，条件，伴随，结果状语等；2.表“主动”和“进行”的含义，其动作与句子的谓语时同时的；3.若本身没有自己的逻辑主语，则其动作的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。第22页/共68页1.Doing a lot of listening in English,you can increase your vocabulary.（
19、方式）2.Try to tell your classmates a story using those phrases you have learned.（方式）3.He wandered the streets,trying to find a way to make some money.（结果）第23页/共68页如果动词的-ing形式表示的动作出现在句子的谓语之前，则用动词-ing形式的完成式“having+动词的过去分词”。eg.Having finished their work,they had a rest.第24页/共68页引导状语从句的关联词 if,when,how,whe
20、re等等，可以直接用于动词的-ing形式之前。eg.If being able to speak another language,one will be qualified for many jobs today.第25页/共68页(1)-ing分词在句中可以作伴随状语，常放于句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：They sat in front of the building,laughing and chatting.He worked late yesterday,preparing for the lecture.(2)-ing分词可以
21、作时间状语，常放在句首，如：(When)Walking in the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop.(After)Finishing my work,I went out.Having told us a funny story,the teacher went onto explain the text to us.第26页/共68页(3)-ing分词可以作原因状语，常放句首。如：Being ill,he cant go to school.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch wit
22、h her.Having lived in the city for many years,he knows it very well.(4)-ing分词可以作条件状语，常放句首。Turning to the right,youll find the post office there.(5)-ing分词可以作结果状语，常放句末。He turned off the light,seeing nothing.第27页/共68页第28页/共68页第29页/共68页第30页/共68页第31页/共68页第32页/共68页第33页/共68页第34页/共68页第35页/共68页第36页/共68页第37页/共68页第38页/共68页第39页/共68页第40页/共68页第41页/共68页第42页/共68页第43页/共68页第44页/共68页第45页/共68页第46页/共68页第47页/共68页第48页/共68页第49页/共68页第50页/共68页第51页/共68页第52页/共68页第53页/共68页第54页/共68页第55页/共68页第56页/共68页第57页/共68页第58页/共68页第59页/共68页第60页/共68页第61页/共68页第62页/共68页第63页/共68页第64页/共68页第65页/共68页第66页/共68页第67页/共68页感谢您的观看！第68页/共68页