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1、课件高考英语阅读理解细节理解题共85张PPT 细细节节理理解解题题在在高高考考中中占占有有较较大大比比例例，其其主主要要考考查查考考生生对对文文章章（或或某某一一段段落落）中中某某一一些些特特定定细细节节或或文文章章的的重重要要事事实实的的理理解解能力。能力。一、命一、命题题特点特点 所所谓谓细细节节理理解解题题，是是指指原原文文提提到到了了某某事事物物、现现象象或或理理论论，题题干干针针对对原原文文具具体体叙叙述述本本身身发发问问。一一般般包包括括直直接接理理解解题题（在在原原文文中中可可直直接接找找到到答答案案，常常用用who,what,when,where,why和和how等等提提问问）
2、、语语意意转转化化题题（需需要要将将题题目目信信息息与与原原文文相相关关信信息息进进行行语语意意上上的的转转换换，两两者者存存在在表表达达上上的的差差异异，有有时时需需要要进进行行加加工工或或整整理理后后方方能能得得出出结结论论）、数数字字计计算算题题、排排列列顺顺序序题题、图图表表图图画画题题等。等。其常其常见设问见设问方式有：方式有：1.Which of the following is/isnt true?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.Choose the right order of the events given in th
3、e passage.4.All of the following statements may be true/false except.5.Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.?6.What does the writer pay least attention to?7.Which of the following is not the result of.?8.Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what.is like?9.The auth
4、or mentions all of the following except.10.All of the following statements are true except.【名师点睛】【名师点睛】1.细节细节理解理解题题解解题题策略策略（1）细细心心审题审题，直接根据，直接根据问题问题找答案。找答案。解解答答此此类类题题目目时时，不不必必通通篇篇细细读读全全文文，要要采采取取代代入入法法，即即带带着着问问题题在在原原文文中中寻寻找找答答案案，先先从从问问题题中中找找准准关关键键词词，然然后后进进行行信信息息定定位位，运运用用略略读读及及查读查读的技巧快速在文章中的技巧快速在文章中寻寻
5、找相关信息。找相关信息。（2）变变通理解，通理解，间间接接转转述分析述分析选项选项。根根据据所所找找信信息息，分分析析选选项项，对对比比其其中中所所用用词词汇汇，进进行行变变通，避免通，避免误选误选答案。答案。（3）多方）多方归纳归纳，综综合事合事实实定答案。定答案。细细节节理理解解题题有有时时考考查查的的不不是是单单一一的的信信息息，而而是是多多处处信信息息的的整整合合，这这时时要要有有足足够够的的耐耐心心，一一定定要要全全面面捕捕捉捉相相关关信信息息，进进行行综综合合分分析析、归归纳纳、切切不不可可草率地草率地进进行行选择选择。2.细节细节理解理解题题干干扰项扰项特点特点（1）扩缩扩缩范范
6、围围（2）张张冠李戴冠李戴（3）正）正误误并存并存（4）无中生有）无中生有（5）望文生）望文生义义（6）偷换偷换概念概念（7）文不）文不对题对题3 3、命、命题题中主要采用以下几种干中主要采用以下几种干扰扰方法：方法：1.1.1.1.干干干干扰扰扰扰项项项项被被被被偷偷偷偷换换换换概概概概念念念念。干干扰扰项项与与原原句句极极为为相相似似，只只是是略略微有些微有些变动变动。望文生。望文生义义是造成是造成错误选择错误选择的主要原因。的主要原因。2.2.2.2.干干干干扰扰扰扰项项项项有有有有正正正正有有有有误误误误。一一些些干干扰扰项项中中，某某个个句句子子或或词词语语是是正正确确的的，其其他他
7、分分句句或或词词语语是是错错误误的的或或表表达达不不全全面面，正正误误并并存存，命命题题者者借借此此以以假假乱乱真真。因因此此，只只要要一一个个选选项项局局部部有有误误或或选项选项不全面，都是需要排除的干不全面，都是需要排除的干扰项扰项。3.3.3.3.干干干干扰扰扰扰项项项项范范范范围围围围发发发发生生生生了了了了变变变变化化化化。有有些些干干扰扰项项是是通通过过改改变变或或去去掉限定掉限定词语词语，甚至是，甚至是扩扩大或大或缩缩小范小范围围的方式来的方式来误导误导考生。考生。考考生生在在答答题题时时一一定定要要提提防防上上述述干干扰扰手手法法，小小心心谨谨慎慎对对待。待。3.各考点解各考点
8、解题题策略策略（1 1）对对号入座号入座题题做做这这类类题题一一般般采采用用寻寻读读法法，即即先先读读题题，然然后后带带着着问问题题快快速速阅阅读读短短文文，找找出出与与问问题题有有关关的的词词语语或或句句子子，再再对对相相关关部部分分进进行行分分析析对对比比，找找出出答答案案。弄弄清清细细节节、准准确确获获取取信信息，确定最佳答案。息，确定最佳答案。二、考点分二、考点分类类【考点一】【考点一】对对号入座号入座题题 A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but
9、 may also have an effect on your eating habits.Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs;a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program.On average,people lost about 11 pounds,or 5%
10、of their body weight.Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12 pounds,more than 15%of their body weight.Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overallmostly with their dogsand found it worth doing.Q：The research mentioned in the l
11、ast paragraph reports that_.A.people with dogs did more exerciseB.dogs lost the same weight as people didC.dogs liked exercise much more than people didD.people without dogs found the program unhelpful【思思路路剖剖析析】此此题题为为对对号号入入座座题题。属属于于直直接接事事实实理理解解。根根据据文文章章最最后后一一段段“Dog owners didnt lose any more weight
12、than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overall.”可可知知，狗狗的的主主人人虽虽然然没没有有比比那那些些没没有有狗狗的的人人减减肥肥明明显显，但是他们做了更多的运动，答案为但是他们做了更多的运动，答案为A项。项。【答案】【答案】A（2）是非判断）是非判断题题此此类类试试题题多多根根据据文文章章的的一一段段或或数数段段提提问问，考考查查考考生生在在现现实实生生活活中中的的阅阅读读技技能能，即即快快速速、准准确确寻寻找找所所需需信信息息的的能能力力。这这种种题题目目因因为为覆覆盖盖面面较较广广，搜搜索索定定
13、位位时时间间较较长长，因因而而难难度度较较大大，容容易易给给考考生生带带来来心心理理压压力力。因因此此考考生生遇遇到到此此类类题题型型时时，首首先先要要调调整整心心理理状状态态，冷冷静静地地返返回回到到文文章章中中去去寻寻找找答答案案。在解在解题时题时可采取以下步可采取以下步骤骤：读读懂懂题题干干和和四四个个选选项项的的内内容容，提提炼炼和和记记忆忆它它们们的的主主要意思要意思;带带着着问问题题去去阅阅读读文文章章，扫扫描描和和搜搜寻寻信信息息点点，与与题题目目不不相相关关的的句句子子和和语语段段很很快快掠掠过过，相相关关信信息息语语言言区区域域则则要放慢速度，要放慢速度，细细致地致地对对照原
14、文和照原文和选项选项提供的信息；提供的信息；“对对号号入入座座”，找找到到解解题题范范围围后后，立立刻刻排排除除明明显显的的干干扰扰项项，然然后后“逐逐个个突突破破”，对对余余下下的的选选项项进进行行筛筛选选，使使选项选项的范的范围围越来越小，判断的准确率越来越高。越来越小，判断的准确率越来越高。【考点二】【考点二】是非判断是非判断题题(2010山山东东高高考考)Christopher Thomas,27,was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing w
15、eight fast.Diagnosed with diabetes(糖糖尿尿病病),Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰胰岛岛素素)three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage,blindness and even death.And if that werent bad enough,he had no health insurance.After a month of feeling upset,Thomas decided hed bette
16、r find a way to fight back.He left Canton,Michigan for New York,got a job waiting tables,nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar,and created ,a free online community for diabetics and their loved onesa place where over 1,100 people share personal stories,information and resources.Q：Which of the foll
17、owing is true of Christopher Thomas?A.He needs to go to the doctor every day.B.He studies the leading cause of diabetes.C.He has a positive attitude to his disease.D.He encourages diabetics by writing articles.【思思路路剖剖析析】由由第第一一段段第第一一句句“Christopher Thomas,27,was a writer by night and a teacher by day
18、when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.”可可知知，他他写写作作是是在在检检查查出出得得病病之之前前的的事事，所所以以排排除除D项项；根根据据第第二二段段第第一一句句“After a month of feeling upset,Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back.”以以及及下下文文的的建建立立网网站站可可以以看看出出，尽尽管管他他生生病，但对疾病他有着积极向上的态度。故病，但对疾病他有着积极向上的态度。故C项正确。项正确。【答案】【答案】C（
19、3 3）语语语语意意意意转换题转换题转换题转换题细细节节题题主主要要考考查查考考生生对对某某句句话话或或某某几几句句话话的的理理解解，若若能能根根据据题题干干内内容容从从原原文文中中找找到到相相关关的的句句子子，然然后后进进行行比比较较和和分分析析，便便可确定最佳答案。可确定最佳答案。此此类类题题目目一一般般可可以以在在文文章章中中直直接接或或间间接接找找到到答答案案，但但是是不不可可能能与与阅阅读读材材料料一一模模一一样样，而而是是用用不不同同的的词词语语或或句句型型去去表表达达相相同同的的思思想想。例例如如：原原文文用用双双重重否否定定，选选项项用用肯肯定定的的句句式式;进进行行同同义义词
20、词替替换换或或句句子子结结构构的的变变换换;或或原原文文与与选选项项互互换换反反义义词词等等等等。然然而而这这只只是是词词语语和和句句法法上上的的变变化化，意意思思是是一一致致的的。同同时时要要注注意意常常见见干干扰项扰项的特点，以免落入陷阱。的特点，以免落入陷阱。【考点三】【考点三】语语意意转换题转换题（2010广广东东高高考考）When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small.Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm
21、 temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing.Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.People should also wash food covered with c
22、hemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.Q：From Paragraph 5,we can learn that_.A.mushrooms should not be e
23、atenB.vegetables are safer than meat and seafoodC.natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicalsD.different types of food should be handled differently【思思路路剖剖析析】根根据据第第五五段段，选选项项A说说蘑蘑菇菇不不能能吃吃，而而文文中中是是说说野野蘑蘑菇菇不不能能被被食食用用，所所以以错错误误；选选项项B在在文文中中未未被被提提到到；选选项项C说说由由于于吃吃了了本本身身有有毒毒的的食食物物而而中中的的毒毒比比化化学学物物质质导导致致
24、的的中中毒毒更更严严重重，这这一一点点在在第第五五段段也也没没有有提提到到；所所以以选选项项D说说不不同同类类型型的的食食物应该用不同方法处理，是正确答案。物应该用不同方法处理，是正确答案。【答案】【答案】D（4）逻辑逻辑排序排序题题逻逻辑辑排排序序题题要要求求考考生生根根据据动动作作发发生生的的先先后后顺顺序序和和句句子子之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，找找出出事事件件发发生生的的正正确确顺顺序序。此此种种题题目目要要运运用用首首尾尾定定位位法法，最最先先判判断断找找出出第第一一个个动动作作和和最最后后一一个个动动作作，迅迅速速缩缩小小选选择择范范围围，从而快速，从而快速选选出正确答案。出正确
25、答案。【考点四】【考点四】逻辑逻辑排序排序题题（2011山山东东高高考考）The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头头皮皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify o
26、bjects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Q：Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A.scalpcomputercapwheelchairB.computercapscalpwheelchairC.scalpcapcomputerwheelchairD.capcomputerscalpwheelchair【思思路路剖剖析析】根根据据第第五五段段可可知知，首首先先研研究究
27、人人员员为为用用户户设设计计一一种种特特殊殊的的帽帽子子，它它会会捕捕捉捉头头皮皮发发出出的的信信号号并并将将其其传传给给电电脑脑。电电脑脑将将这这些些信信号号进进行行分分析析翻翻译译，给给监监控控下下的的机机器器人人轮轮椅椅发发出出指指令令。机机器器人人轮轮椅椅装装有有两两部部摄摄像像头头能能识识别别信信号号路路径径中中的的物物体体，从从而而帮帮助电脑对人脑的指令做出反应。故此处助电脑对人脑的指令做出反应。故此处C 项正确。项正确。【答案】【答案】C（5 5）图图图图形形形形识别题识别题识别题识别题在在含含有有图图表表识识别别题题的的阅阅读读理理解解中中，有有的的图图表表图图画画出出现现在在
28、阅阅读读理理解解文文章章中中，有有的的出出现现在在选选项项中中，这这些些图图片片的的出出现现增增加加了了试试题题的的直直观观性性，同同时时也也暗暗含含着着和和文文章章内内容容相相关关的的信信息息。在在解解答答此此类类试试题题的的时时候候，一一定定要要把把握握图图表表图图画画中中所所暗暗含含的的信信息息，特特别别是是有有些些事事实实是通是通过图过图片来叙述的，可以采用按片来叙述的，可以采用按图寻图寻找正确答案的方法。找正确答案的方法。【考点五】【考点五】图图形形识别题识别题（2009安徽高考）安徽高考）Q：The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008，_.A.th
29、e percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 pointsB.the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchangedC.the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decreaseD.the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase【思思路路剖剖析析】由
30、由柱柱形形图图可可以以清清楚楚地地看看出出，拥拥有有电电脑脑的的亚亚洲洲家家庭庭的数量急剧增加，其他三项表述都与图表不符，故的数量急剧增加，其他三项表述都与图表不符，故D项正确。项正确。【答案】【答案】D（6 6）数字）数字）数字）数字换换换换算算算算题题题题此此类类题题一一般般为为直直接接年年代代、数数字字的的对对应应查查找找，有有时时也也会会出出现现要要求求对对年年代代或或数数字字进进行行计计算算的的考考题题。对对前前者者，可可根根据据文文中中信信息息较较快快地地确确定定答答案案；对对后后者者，首首先先要要弄弄清清题题干干是是怎怎么么问问的的，然然后后根根据据其其内内在在的的逻逻辑辑关关系
31、系对对年年代代和和数数字字进进行行分分析析和和计计算算，得得出出正正确确答答案案。在在做做此此类类题题时时，还还要要注注意意弄弄清清单单位位之之间间的的换换算算关关系系，避避免免出出现计现计算算错误错误。【考点六】【考点六】数字数字换换算算题题（2010四四川川高高考考）The three shipsthe MV Prantalay 11，12，and 14had 77 members on board in total.All of them are Thai,the spokesman said.Before the Sunday robbing，pirates held 11 ships
32、 and 228 sailors.Q：How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?A.228.B.77.C.383.D.305.【思思路路剖剖析析】根根据据倒倒数数第第二二段段的的“.had 77 members on board in total.”和和“Before the Sunday robbing,pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.”可知答案为可知答案为D项。项。【答案】【答案】D 似是而非，不求甚解似是而非，不求甚解 Coming in a c
33、lose secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant landis Easter Island,which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor,Pitcairn Island,and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,supposedly by people who were lost at sea
34、.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures,called moai,for which the island is most famous.Q：Which of the following is most famous for moai?A.Tristan da Cunha.B.Pitcairn Island.C.Easter Island.D
35、.St.Helena.【思思路路剖剖析析】（1）分分析析题题干干可可知知，因因moai 而而闻闻名名的的是是一一座座岛岛屿屿(the island)，因因此此解解题题的的关关键键就就在在于于找找到到上上文文最最后后一一句句话话中中the island 的具体所指。的具体所指。（2）上上文文第第一一段段，出出现现了了两两个个岛岛的的名名字字：Easter Island和和Pitcairn Island，进进一一步步分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知，主主语语为为Easter Island，而而Pitcairn Island出出现现在在which引引导导的的非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句中，是和句中
36、，是和Easter Island相邻的岛屿。相邻的岛屿。所所以以下下段段中中出出现现的的The mountainous 64-square-mile island和和最最后后一一句句中中的的the island指指的的也也是是Easter Island，故故正正确确答答案案为为C。【答案】【答案】C【名名师师点点拨拨】解解答答针针对对定定语语从从句句设设置置的的细细节节题题时时，考考生生一一定定要要认认真真分分析析句句子子结结构构,联联系系上上下下文文,弄弄清清楚楚关关系系词词所所指指代代的的对对象象，准确答题。准确答题。粗心大意，粗心大意，审题审题不不严严 Wang Hao,who won
37、the mens doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday,played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9,13-11,11-5,11-9.Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness that made the difference.“I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games.But I have tried to pull myself to
38、gether and prepared well.This is the result.”Wang Hao said he had always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills.Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well.Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter(痛痛苦苦的的).The bitterness perhaps explains why he has
39、not always played at his best in the past.Q:From Wang Hao,we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is_.A.his technical skills B.his physical trainingC.his mental toughness D.his past experience【思思路路剖剖析析】（1）根根据据原原文文“Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness that made the difference.”可可知
40、知虽虽然然在在后后续续文文章章中中也也提提到到了了his technical skills；his physical training；his past experience但都不是本题所要选择的正确答案。但都不是本题所要选择的正确答案。（2）错错选选原原因因是是没没有有抓抓住住细细节节理理解解题题的的重重点点，审审题题不不细细，忽忽略了题干中的关键词略了题干中的关键词main。【答案】【答案】C【名名师师点点拨拨】对对于于细细节节理理解解题题的的选选项项的的选选择择，一一定定要要理理解解题题干干，找找出出题题干干中中的的关关键键词词，然然后后进进行行排排除除，以以防防以以次次代代主主，文文不
41、不对对题。题。自以自以为为是，脱离原文是，脱离原文 How do people climb the wall?To climb，you need special shoes and harness(保保护护带带)around your chest to hold you.There are ropes tied to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall.A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up.Ther
42、e are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to.Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes，its not.The most difficult is to control your fear.Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling，so its difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the
43、wall，the harness and the ropes hold you，and you begin to feel safe.You move slowly until you reach the top.Q:The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _.A.to tie ropes to your harness B.to control your fearC.to move away from the wall D.to climb straight up【思思路路剖剖析析】从从倒倒数数第第三三句句“Its normal
44、for humans to be afraid of falling,so its difficult not to feel fear.”可可知知人人们们在在攀攀墙时很难控制自己的恐惧。墙时很难控制自己的恐惧。【答案】【答案】B【名名师师点点拨拨】细细节节理理解解题题可可通通过过查查读读法法进进行行理理解解，但但是是答答案案的的依据一定要忠实于原文，不能凭自己的主观感觉进行选择。依据一定要忠实于原文，不能凭自己的主观感觉进行选择。二、解答技巧二、解答技巧 细细节节是是围围绕绕主主题题展展开开的的，是是对对中中心心主主题题的的进进一一步步表表达达。细细节节题题是是针针对对原原文文提提到到的的某
45、某个个事事物物、现现象象或或理理论论的的考考查查。细细节节题题S S主主要要考考查查考考生生是是否否能能在在快快速速阅阅读读文文章章的的同同时时，从从中中获获取取某某些些特特定定的的直直接接信信息息或或理理解解特特定定信信息息的的意意义义。有有些些题题是是考考查查原原文文细细节节本本身身，有有些些是是考考查查某某些些细细节节在在文文中中的的意意义义。细细节节题题主主要要表表现现为为以以下下几几种种：对对事事实实细细节节的的是是非非判判断断、年年代和数字及其代和数字及其计计算、事算、事实细节实细节排序等。排序等。根根据据细细节节理理解解题题的的考考查查特特点点，我我们们在在解解答答细细节节理理解
46、解题题时时通常采用以下解通常采用以下解题题技巧：技巧：1.1.信息信息验证验证法法 细细节节理理解解题题多多数数是是对对具具体体信信息息的的考考查查，我我们们可可以以将将信信息息分分为为两两类类直直接接信信息息和和间间接接信信息息。直直接接信信息息类类的的考考题题，其其答答案案与与原原文文中中含含有有相相关关信信息息的的句句子子在在用用词词上上几几乎乎相相同同，考考生生只只需需找找到到原原文文信信息息就就能能解解决决问问题题；而而间间接接信信息息要要复复杂杂一一些些，在在原原文文中中找找不不到到与与正正确确选选项项相相近近的的词词、句句，选选项项信信息息往往往往与与原原文文信信息息的的表表达达
47、形形式式不不同同。这这就就需需要要对对原原文文相相关关信信息息认认真真理理解解，这这个个理理解解可可能能牵牵扯扯到到对对某某一一句句话话或或某某些些句句子子的的理理解解。考考生生在在理理解解其其意意义义时时，一一定定要要捕捕捉捉到到关关键键性性的的词词，要，要认认真、周全地考真、周全地考虑虑才能才能选选出正确答案。出正确答案。(2009江西江西B)片段片段Why it happened As the paper burns,it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen(air)in the bottle.The egg acts as a seal in the
48、 neck of the bottle,so no more air can get inside.This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle.The air pressure must equalize,so more air from outside must enter the bottle.The outside air presses against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle!This proves that air is all around and th
49、at it is pressing down on us.Q1:In the experiment the burning inside the bottle can _.A.equalize the air pressure inside and outsideB.make a seal in the neck of the bottleC.finish up the oxygen inside the bottleD.produce more oxygen inside the bottle【解解析析】选选C。间间接接事事实实细细节节题题。此此段段第第一一句句“As the paper b
50、urns,it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen(air)in the bottle.”中中没没有有运运用用与与题题干干选选项项中中相相同同的的动动词词短短语语finish up（用用光光，耗耗尽尽），但但是是use up（用用尽尽，耗耗尽尽）与与finish up意思重合。意思重合。Q2:How did the egg get into the bottle?A.The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.B.It became soft without the shell.C.The neck of t