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1、写作教程第写作教程第2 2版课件版课件u5u5Unit 5 Objective:ExemplificationPart I Warm-up ActivitiesComplete the following sentence,telling us your ideal job in the future,then give your reason(s).I want to be _.Reason(s):_ _ Part II Exemplification Examples are specific details or instances that serve to illustrate a
2、more general idea or statement.They not only make things clearer but also help to persuade and convince.Organizational StructureRead the following two paragraphs and then try to summarize the different organizational patterns of exemplification.Sample 1Questions:1.What is the controlling idea of the
3、 paragraph?The first sentence expressed the controlling idea of the paragraph.2.How many reasons are given to illustrate this idea?Five.Work in groups and discuss the organization of this paragraph and complete the following outline:Topic sentence:Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job
4、 I have ever had.Reasons:1.I have a steady forty-hour workweek,along with a chance for overtime if I want it.2.I can eat whatever I like,and I get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I dont have any big hassle with my boss;if I have to report late or skip a day now and the
5、n,all she asks is that I call her in advance.4.The pay is very good,averaging close to$200 the weeks that work overtime.5.The job is seasonal.Sample 2Questions:1.What is the controlling idea of the paragraph?The first sentence expressed the controlling idea of the paragraph.2.How many examples are g
6、iven to illustrate this idea?Are they effective?Only one,and it is effective,because through this example,readers tend to be convinced that a career can really be ruined in one moment.Summarize the organizational patterns of exemplification1.Use several facts,examples,details,or reasons to support t
7、he controlling idea of the paragraph.2.Use one detailed example or extended illustration to clarify or to prove the controlling idea of the paragraph.Using Effective ExamplesSampleQuestions:1.What is the controlling idea of the paragraph?The controlling idea is:To be successful in a job interview,th
8、e applicant should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.2.How many examples are given to illustrate this idea?Are they effective in illustrating the controlling idea?Four.The examples are effective because they tell the reader what“certain personal and professional qualities”shoul
9、d be demonstrated in a job interview.Look at the examples given below and decide whether they can be used to illustrate the topic sentence“I had a terrible day at the office today.”1.I had a fight with my boss.Comment:Its specific and relevant.2.I quarreled with my husband last night.Comment:It is i
10、rrelevant because it did not happen today.3.One of the important documents was missing.Comment:It is specific and relevant.4.I was unhappy all day.Comment:Its not specific,therefore ineffective.5.I forgot an appointment with one of my clients and was severely scolded by my boss.Comment:Its specific
11、and relevant.Then,discuss in groups which pattern you will follow if you are asked to write a paragraph with this topic sentence.How many examples do you think are needed to illustrate this controlling idea?It has to follow the first pattern.This controlling idea needs more than one example to show
12、how terrible the day is.One example is far from enough to convince the reader.Summarize the rules for choosing good examples,based on the group discussion.Examples chosen to illustrate the controlling idea of a paragraph should be a)relevant,b)specific,and c)sufficient so that they can help to clari
13、fy or prove your point in an effective way.The number of examples you choose depends on the controlling idea and the length of the paragraph.Linking DevicesSampleQuestions1.Which is the topic sentence of this paragraph?The topic sentence is the first sentence of the paragraph.2.How many examples are
14、 given to illustrate this point?Four.3.Can you follow the examples easily?Why?Yes,because all the examples are linked by transitional words and phrases.Read the sample.Work in groups and find out those words and phrases that link the four examples in this sample paragraph.Exemplificationfirst of all
15、alsoanother reasonthe last and most important reasonOther expression indicating exemplification For example For instanceSuch asA leading example can be illustrated by First/second/thirdMoreoverAnd BesidesIn particularIn generalIn most casesTake for exampleIn additionWhats moreFurthermoreFinallyMost
16、importantlyUnit Summary In this unit we have discussed two patterns of organization used in exemplification:1)the use of a series of examples facts,details or reasons to support the topic sentence;2)the use of one extended example to clarify or to prove the controlling idea of the paragraph.We must choose sufficient examples that are relevant and specific.We cannot overemphasize the use of linking devices.结束结束