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1、了解词类、简单句的基本句型 Part I 词类、句子成分Unit 1 简单句的七种基本句型一、词类英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n)表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.2、代词(pron):主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it.3、形容词(adj):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange.4、数词(m):表示数目(基数词)或事物的顺序(序数词)。如:one,two,three,first,second,third
2、,fourth.5、动词(v):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see.一、词类6、副词(adv):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.7、冠词(art):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the8、介词(prep):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系,如in,on,from,above,behind.9、连词(con):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before10、感叹词(iter)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,ah,well.二、简单句Unit 1
3、A new start7种基本句型 英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。1、主谓(SV)eg:The rain stopped.雨停了。The moon rose.月亮升起来了。归纳用法句型特点:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思、后面不需接宾语。2、主谓状(SVA)eg:The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。The old man walks in the park every morning.那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。归纳用法句型特点:谓语动词是不及物动词、副词、介词短语等
4、作状语。二、简单句3、主谓宾(SVO)eg:We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。I dont know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。归纳用法句型特点:谓语动词是及物动词。不能表达完整的意思,其后必须要接一个宾语,即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是、名词、代词、疑问词、动词不定式、动词ing形式和从句。4、主谓宾状(SVOA)eg:I like to stay at home on Sundays.星期天我喜欢待在家里。We planted many trees in our hometown.我们在家乡种了许多树。归纳用法句型特点:谓语动词是
5、及物动词,其后接宾语、副词、介词短语等作状语。二、简单句5、主谓宾宾(SVIODO)eg:Her mother bought her a skirt.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。Mr Li told us an interesting story.李老师给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事归纳用法句型特点:谓语动词后接有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者、其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时、其前通常需要加介词for或to.点津常跟双宾语的动词,需借助于to的动词:bring、give、lend、hand、offer、pass、promise、return、send
6、、how、teach、tell、write.需借助于for的动词:buy、call、cook、choose、draw、find、get、make.二、简单句6、主谓宾宾补(SVOC)complimenteg:The news made us very sad.那个消息令我们非常难过。The teacher asked us to answer the question.老师叫我们回答那个问题。My mother asked me to clean my room.妈妈让我打扫我的房间。归纳用法句型特点:谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语、但意思还不完整,必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行
7、补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。点津用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡是英语常用的结构。即,“主语、谓语、it、宾补、真正宾语”。it作形式宾语,通常和下列动词连用、consider、think、make、find、believe、feel、guess、imagine、judge、prove、see、suppose、take等。二、简单句7、主系表(SVP)eg:My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。I fee I quite hungry.我感觉很饿。Leaves turn yellow.
8、树叶变黄了。归纳用法句型特点:动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外,还有:表示感官的动词,feel、appear、look、smell、taste、sound等表示状态延续的动词,remain、stay、keep、continue等表示转变、变化的动词,become、get、turn、go、run、fall、come、grow等1Analyze the structure of the following sentence:We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.()ASV BSV
9、O CSVIODO DSVOC2Which part of the following sentences functions as Predicative(表语)?()Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.A B C DAA BB CC DD3分析句子结构There is a book on the table.ASVO BThere be CSP DSVIODO4Finding her car stolen,()Ashe hurried to a policeman for helpBthe area was searchin
10、g thoroughlyCa policeman was asked to help Dit was looked for everywhere5Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food.分别代表不同的句子成份,请选择分析正确的一项()A主语、谓语、宾语、宾语B主语、谓语、宾语、补语C主语、谓语、表语、状语D主语、谓语、宾语、状语6Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of SVOC?(S:Subject;V:Verb;O:Object;C:Com
11、pletement)()AI cant wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.BI consider the work challenging.CA journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.DJoining clubs was a great way to meet British students.7判断句子的结构类型:It gives us a great feeling of peace.()ASVOBSVIODO CSVOADSVOC8分析句子结构,My mom gave me a new pen.ASVOBSV CSP DSVIODO9Lilys mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present.()A主+系+表 B主+谓+宾+宾补C主+谓+间宾+直宾D主+谓+直宾+间宾10判断句子的结构类型:I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.()ASVOCBSVPCCSVIODO DSVO Class is over!Please finish your homework carefully.