《科技英语写作中的典型错误.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《科技英语写作中的典型错误.ppt（103页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、科技英语写作中的典型错误 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望例例 2汉汉语语原原句句本本文文首首先先讨讨论论了了这这种种信信号号的的特特点点，然然后后讨讨论论了了它的产生。它的产生。英英语语错错句句This paper first discusses the features of this signal,and then its generation is described.【错误分析】语法上，本句没错误。但由于这是一个并列复合句，一般来说两个并列
2、句中的语态（有时时态）应该一致。所以做如下修改。改改正正后后的的句句子子This paper first discusses the features of this signal,and then describes its generation.本本 句句 最最 好好 采采 用用 下下 列列 句句 型型：This paper begins with the discussion on the features of this signal,followed by the description of its generation.例例 3汉语原句汉语原句这台设备的特点是操作简便、价格低廉。
3、这台设备的特点是操作简便、价格低廉。英英语语错错句句 The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.【错误分析】本句主语是features，所以其表语不能用easy in operation and low in price,而只能用名词短语,这叫做“主表对等”。如果主语是具体的东西，我们就可以说This device is good in quality。改改正正后后的的句句子子 The features of this device are easy operation and low price.比比
4、较较好好的的一一个个句句型型是是：This device is characterized by（its）easy operation and low price.例例 4汉汉语语原原句句我我们们的的方方法法与与以以前前讨讨论论同同一一问问题题的的文文章章中中所述的不同。所述的不同。英英语语错错句句Our method is different from previous articles discussed the same problem.【错误分析】错误有两处。(1)比较对象不一致，主语是“方法”，而from后是“文章”；(2)discuss为及物动词，之后的the same probl
5、em是宾语，所以应该用现在分词，而不是过去分词。另外“以前的文章”用previous articles不好，因为previous多指同一本书或同篇论文里表示的“前面的”；科技论文多用“paper”。改改正正后后的的句句子子Our method is different from those presented（或或 described）in the papers available（或或 published before）on（或或 discussing）the same problem.例例 5汉汉语语原原句句只只有有通通过过对对该该系系统统性性能能的的研研究究，我我们们才才能能了解它的优点
6、。了解它的优点。英英语语错错句句Only through studied the performance of the system,its advantages can be understood.【错误分析】错误有三处。(1)through是介词，所以其后不能接过去分词分词studied，科技文献常用“through+名词+of+”或“by+动名词+”表示“通过”；(2)以“only+状语”开头，所以后面要发生部分倒装，can应该提前；(3)由于“研究”的主语是人，所以本句应该使用主动语态。改改正正后后的的句句子子 Only through the study of the perform
7、ance of the system,can one（或或 we）understand（或或appreciate）its advantages.例例 6汉汉语语原原句句本本文文对对提提高高打打印印速速度度和和印印字字质质量量提提供供了了一一种种计计算机辅助设计手段。算机辅助设计手段。英英语语错错句句This paper provided a kind of means of computer aid design for progressing the printing speed and the printing quality.【错误分析】三个错误：(1)通常在使用“本文讨论了”这种句型时
8、，不用过去时而用一般现在时，所以provided不合适，最好用presents；(2)“一直机辅设计手段”就是CAD method；(3)progressing用词不对，因为progress做动词是不及物动词，提供速度要用increase，提供质量要用improve。改改正正后后的的句句子子This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.例例 7汉语原句汉语原句对构件的承载能力做了具体分析。对构件的承载能力做了具体分析。英英语语错错句句Th
9、e detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given.【错误分析】四处错误:(1)“分析”之前应该用不定冠词a；(2)“承载”是“carry loads”而不用“bear loads”；(3)“作分析”表示为“make an analysis of”，“作研究”表示为“make a study of”，“作比较”表示为“make a comparison of”；(4)能力ability之后加of加不定式复合结构做定语，如：能量被定义为物体做功的能力，译为Energy is defined
10、as the ability of a body to do work，如：电容存储电荷的能力取决于几个因素，译为：The ability of a capacitor to store charge depends upon several factors。改改正正后后的的句句子子A detailed（或或 concrete）analysis of the ability of the component to carry loads is made.例例 8汉语原句汉语原句共有共有M个多边形，其顶点数均为个多边形，其顶点数均为N。英英语语错错句句There are M polygons a
11、ltogether,whose vertex number is all N.【错误分析】定语从句中有两个错误:(1)vertex number意为顶点的号码，而顶点数应译为the number of vertexes；(2)这里不能使用all来表示“均”的含义，应该使用each来表示。改改正正后后的的句句子子There are M polygons altogether,each of which has N vertexes.虽虽然然从从语语法法角角度度来来看看，定定语语从从句句可可以以译译成成“the number of vertexes of each of which is N.”但
12、这种表示法不好，显得很繁琐。但这种表示法不好，显得很繁琐。例例 9汉汉语语原原句句这这个个方方法法需需要要精精确确的的定定位位，这这就就使使得得它的实现具有一定的难度。它的实现具有一定的难度。英英语语错错句句This method requires accurate location and this makes its realization have a little difficulty.【错误分析】have a little difficulty属于中式英文，建议使用somewhat difficult。另外句中用and显得比较松散，建议使用which引导非限制性定语从句或使用分词短语
13、表示结果状语。改改正正后后的的句句子子 This method requires accurate location,thus making（或或 which makes）its realization somewhat difficult.例例 10汉汉语语原原句句对对A的的识识别别和和对对B的的确确定定是是使使用用这这一一方方法的先决条件。法的先决条件。英英语语错错句句 The recognition of A and determining B are the prerequisite for the use of this method.【错误分析】本句的主语有两个，一个用了名词短语，
14、而另一个则用了动名词短语，这就造成了“非平行结构”，应该让两者统一；另外，prerequisite应采用复数形式，所以在它之后加s。改改正正后后的的句句子子 The recognition of A and the determination of B are the prerequisites for the use of this method.例例 11汉汉语语原原句句最最后后提提出出了了实实现现这这种种方方法法应应注注意意的的一一些些问问题题和和解决方法。解决方法。英英语语错错句句At last,we provided some problems that could be noted
15、 in implementing this method and solving ways.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)表示“最后”英美人只用finally，at last或in the end均只能表示“最终”的意思，finally表示几项中的最后一项；(2)provided不该用过去时，而最好用present一词来表示；(3)solving ways是中文式英语，解决方法应该用solution来表示；(4)“应注意”最好用deserve to be noted。改改正正后后的的句句子子Finally,some problems that deserve to be noted in imp
16、lementing this method and their solution are presented.例例 12汉汉语语原原句句由由于于缺缺陷陷的的存存在在，构构件件的的疲疲劳劳寿寿命命将将大大降低。大大降低。英英语语错错句句Because of the existing of the defect,the fatigue life of the components will decrease very much.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)existing应改为existence，原则是有名词就不要动名词形式；(2)will decrease 应该为被动形式will be decr
17、eased,因为它是外界因素造成的；(3)very much应该为greatly。改改 正正 后后 的的 句句 子子 Because of（或或 Due to）the existence of the defect,the fatigue life of the components will be decreased（或或shortened）greatly.例例 13汉汉语语原原句句并并讨讨论论了了这这一一方方法法与与扫扫描描法法相相比比的的优优点。点。英英语语错错句句As compared with the scanning method,the advantages of this me
18、thod has discussed also.【错误分析】三个错误:(1)“与相比”会使用固定短语“(as)compared with”,可是在“优点”“缺点”等名词后面应使用固定搭配介词over来表示“与相比”这一概念；(2)本句主语是advantages，所以谓语应该使用have而不是has；(3)“讨论”应该用被动语态。改改正正后后的的句句子子The advantages of this method over the scanning method have also been discussed.例例 14汉语原句汉语原句已知常数已知常数K，就能算出就能算出C来。来。英英 语语 错
19、错 句句 Giving the constant K,C can be calculated.【错误分析】两个错误:(1)表示“已知”有两种方式，一种是过去分词given，这表示这条件是被给定的，另一种是现在分词giving，表示“若知道的话”；(2)本句的主要部分应该使用主动形式，添加主语one或we，因为前面做条件状语的分词短语的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，如果不一致，则称为“垂悬分词dangling participle”或叫“无依着分词结构unattached participial construction”。改改正正后后的的句句子子Given（或或knowing）the consta
20、nt K,one（或或we）can calculate C.（或或,it is possible to calculate C.）例例 15汉语原句汉语原句这台新设计的仪器质量很好。这台新设计的仪器质量很好。英英语语错错句句This new designed instrument is in good quality.【错误分析】两个错误，(1)“新”修饰“设计”的，由于designed是过去分词作前置定语，相当于形容词，所以new应该改为副词形式newly，(2)表示“质量好”有两种方法，be good in quality或be of good quality，当然也可以用the qual
21、ity of is good，但不如前两个好.改改正正后后的的句句子子This newly designed instrument is good in quality.或或：This newly designed instrument is of good quality.例例 16汉语原句汉语原句锡的熔点没有铅的高。锡的熔点没有铅的高。英英语语错错句句Tin does not have a melting point as high as lead does.【错误分析】as high as lead does部分错误，这是中文式英文的典型问题。比较内容不一样，一个是熔点，一个是铅。如果句
22、子改为Tin does not have a melting point as high as that of lead就正确了。但是英美人不这样用，他们习惯把asas句型套在名词a melting point上，这是要注意不定冠词的特殊位置。改改正正后后的的句句子子Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead does.例例 17汉汉语语原原句句这这台台转转动动的的机机器器将将在在一一二二分分钟钟后后自自动动停下来。停下来。英英语语错错句句This running machine will stop of itself after one
23、 minute or two.【错误分析】两个错误，(1)表示瞬间动作或状态的动作将来时句中要表示“在之后”要用in而不能用after 或 later，(2)表示“一两天”，“一两分钟”等概念有两种表示方式，one or two days 或 a day or two.改改正正后后的的句句子子This running machine will stop itself in one or two minutes（或或 in a minute or two）.例例 18汉汉语语原原句句在在这这种种情情况况下下，输输入入不不会会下下降降，输输出出也不会下降。也不会下降。英英语语错错句句In this
24、 case,the input does not fall;the output does not fall,too.【错误分析】错误在于too，它不能用于否定句，应该用either表示。不过在这种情况下，一般使用neither或nor开头的部分倒装省略句型。改改正正后后的的句句子子In this case,the input does not fall,neither（或或nor）does the output.例例 19汉语原句汉语原句这个问题有待解决。这个问题有待解决。英语错句英语错句This problem waits to solve.【错误分析】中文式英文。两个错误，(1)英美人表
25、示“有待于”的概念常用remain，(2)问题被解决，所以应该用被动语态。改正后的句子改正后的句子This problem remains to be solved.例例 20汉语原句汉语原句这个电荷与存在的其它电荷相互作用。这个电荷与存在的其它电荷相互作用。英英语语错错句句This charge interacts with other present charge.【错误分析】present的位置错了。Present做前置定语时意义为“目前的”而表示“存在”时只能是后置定语。改改正正后后的的句句子子 This charge interacts with other charges pres
26、ent.例例 21汉语原句汉语原句现有的教科书没有提到这一点。现有的教科书没有提到这一点。英英语语错错句句The now existed textbooks do not make mention of this point.【错误分析】错误有两个:(1)exist属于不及物动词，所以不能用过去分词来作定语（英语中只有少数几个不及物动词变来的表示状语的过去分词可做定语，如fallen leaves，the arrived train），因此这里应改为existing。(2)凡用短语动词(如make use of，make mention of，pay attention to，take car
27、e of等)，其否定式英美人一般只使用no来否定词组中的名词。改改正正后后的的句句子子 The existing textbooks（或或The textbooks available）have made no mention of this point.例例 22汉语原句汉语原句x 的所有值均不能满足这一方程的所有值均不能满足这一方程。英语错句英语错句All values of x cant satisfy this equation.【错误分析】中国人对英语中全否定和部分否定的表达方式存在误解。改改正正后后的的句句子子 No values of x（或或None of the values
28、 of x）can satisfy this equation.注意：英明科技人员一般不用cant这种形式，而是用can not或cannot。例例 23汉语原句汉语原句这个电压几乎是测不出的。这个电压几乎是测不出的。英英语语错错句句 This voltage almost can not be measured.【错误分析】汉语“几乎不可能”的英文翻译应该是can hardly。改改正正后后的的句句子子This voltage can hardly be measured.例例 24汉语原句汉语原句铜的导电率比铁高。铜的导电率比铁高。英英语语错错句句 The conductivity of
29、copper is higher than iron.【错误分析】受汉语的影响而产生的错误。这里对比的对象不一致。改改正正后后的的句句子子The conductivity of copper is higher than that of iron.例例 25汉汉语语原原句句在在这这个个实实验验室室中中，这这台台仪仪器器比比其其他他的的灵敏。灵敏。英英语语错错句句In this laboratory,this instrument is more sensitive than any one.【错误分析】使用比较级时，主句的主语是决不能包含在比较从句的比较对象中的，这也是中国学生常犯的错误之一，
30、因此本句的any one是错误的，应改为any other one。改改正正后后的的句句子子In this laboratory,this instrument is more sensitive than any other one（或或 any one else）.例例 26汉语原句汉语原句这本书的序言写得很好。这本书的序言写得很好。英语错句英语错句The preface of this book was well written.【错误分析】两个错误：1）preface后只能跟to，这是一个固定搭配；2）本句主要叙述一种状态而没有涉及到“在何时写的”这一动作，所以应该用一般现在时，而不是
31、过去时。改改正正后后的的句句子子 The preface to this book is well written.例例 27汉汉语语原原句句为为了了发发射射无无线线电电波波，必必须须产产生生高高频频振振荡。荡。英英语语错错句句Sending out radio waves,high-frequency oscillations must be generated.【错 误 翻 译】Sending out radio waves,high-frequency oscillations must be generated.改改正正后后的的句句子子 To send out radio waves,
32、it is necessary to generate high-frequency oscillations.例例 28汉语原句汉语原句其他类型的电动机也广泛用在工业上。其他类型的电动机也广泛用在工业上。英英语语错错句句Other types of the electric motor also are widely use in industry.【错 误 分 析】本 句 两 处 不 妥：一 是 名 词 前 有“the type/kind/form/sort of”,该名词前不得用任何冠词，若该名词为可数名词的话，一般应使用单数形式，有时也可使用复数形式；另一个是also的位置，一般它应放
33、在复合谓语的中间，所以这里放are之后。改改正正后后的的句句子子Other types of electric motor are also widely used in industry.例例 29汉语原句汉语原句任何学生均不会解这种特殊的方程任何学生均不会解这种特殊的方程。英英语语错错句句 Any student cannot solve this kind of special equation.【错误分析】中文式英文，两处错误：一是本句属于“全否定”的含义，所以不该用any而用no或none；special的位置错了。改改正正后后的的句句子子No student（或或None of t
34、he students）can solve this special kind of equation.例例 30汉汉语语原原句句必必须须了了解解这这种种材材料料是是否否能能经经受受住住这这么么大的力大的力。英英语语错错句句It is necessary to know if this material can stand a so large force or not.【错误分析】两处错误：一是if一般不能与or not连用，应该是whether or not；二是不定冠词a的位置错了，由于有so修饰large，所以必须是so large a force。改改正正后后的的句句子子It is
35、necessary to know whether this material can stand so large a force or not.例例 31汉汉语语原原句句电电压压是是用用伏伏特特来来度度量量的的。（或或：电电压压的度量单位是伏特。）的度量单位是伏特。）英语错句英语错句Voltage is measured with volt.【错误分析】两个错误:一是这里的“用”不该有with，英美人用in；另一个是volt这样的单位要用复数形式（只有hertz除外，只用单数，由于其复数难以构成）。改正后的句子改正后的句子Voltage is measured in volts.例例 32
36、汉语原句汉语原句这两位工程师正忙于设计一种新型软件这两位工程师正忙于设计一种新型软件。英英语语错错句句This two engineers are busy to design a type of new software.【错误分析】三个错误:一是“这”在这里指两位工程师，所以该用these；二，在形容词busy之后有两种续接方式，一种是with the design of，另一个是（in）designing，两种皆可；三，new在type之前。改改正正后后的的句句子子These two engineers are busy with the design of或或busy（in）desig
37、ninga new type of software.be busy(in)doing；be busy with 例例 33汉语原句汉语原句这种材料很难加工这种材料很难加工。英英语语错错句句This material is very difficult to be machined.改改正正后后的的句句子子This material is very difficult to machine.例例 34汉汉语语原原句句若若把把式式（7）代代入入式式（8）就就得得到到a=b。英英语语错错句句If Eq.(7)is substituted in Eq.(8),we obtain a=b.改改正正后后
38、的的句句子子Substituting Eq.(7)in Eq.(8),we obtain a=b.或或Substituting of Eq.(7)in Eq.(8)yields a=b.例例 35汉语原句汉语原句声音传播的速度比光慢得多声音传播的速度比光慢得多。英英语语错错句句Sound travels less faster than light is.改改正正后后的的句句子子Sound travels much less fast than light（does）.例例 36汉语原句汉语原句这个设备有它的一些独特的优点这个设备有它的一些独特的优点。英英 语语 错错 句句 This equi
39、pment has a few advantage all its own.改改正正后后的的句句子子 This equipment has some advantages all its own.例例 37汉语原句汉语原句所得结果与测量值吻合所得结果与测量值吻合。英英 语语 错错 句句 The results obtained fit the experimental values.改改正正后后的的句句子子The results obtained agree（或或 are in agreement）with the experimental values.例例 38汉汉语语原原句句定定义义了了
40、一一种种描描述述图图论论中中某某些些工工程程问问题题求解的算法语言求解的算法语言(我们称之为图论算法语言我们称之为图论算法语言)。英英语语错错句句An algorithm language（we call it the Algorithm Language for the Graph Theory）to describe the solution of some engineering problem in the graph theory is defined.改改正正后后的的句句子子An algorithm language（which we call the Algorithm Lang
41、uage for the Graph Theory）for describing the solution of some engineering problems in the graph theory is defined.例例 39汉语原句汉语原句我们容易确定该物体的重量。我们容易确定该物体的重量。英英语语错错句句 We are easy to determine the weight of the body.改改正正后后的的句句子子It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body.（或或 We can determine the
42、 weight of the body easily.）例例 40汉汉语语原原句句摩摩擦擦使使得得输输入入机机器器的的功功大大于于由由机机器所做的有用功器所做的有用功。英英语语错错句句Friction make the work put into a machine be greater than the useful work accomplished by it.改改正正后后的的句句子子Friction makes the work put into a machine greater than the useful work accomplished by it.例例 41汉语原句汉语原
43、句瓶中的空气受热后就会膨胀瓶中的空气受热后就会膨胀。英英语语错错句句On heating,the air in the bottle will be expanded.改改正正后后的的句句子子On being heated,the air in the bottle will expand.例例 42汉汉语语原原句句接接收收机机的的许许多多原原理理也也适适用用于于发发射射机机。英英语语错错句句Many of principles of a receiver also apply for a transmitter.改改正正后后的的句句子子Many of the principles of a
44、receiver also apply to a transmitter.例例 45汉语原句汉语原句物体越热，它辐射的能量就越多物体越热，它辐射的能量就越多。英英语语错错句句The hoter the body,the more the energy it radiates.改改正正后后的的句句子子The hotter the body,the more energy it radiates.例例 46汉语原句汉语原句半导体将在第二章加以讨论半导体将在第二章加以讨论。英英语语错错句句Semiconductor will be discussed in the chapter 2.改改 正正 后
45、后 的的 句句 子子 Semiconductors will be discussed in Chapter 2.例例 47汉汉语语原原句句某某些些元元素素产产生生放放射射的的能能力力被被称称为为放射性放射性。英英语语错错句句The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as the radioactivity.改改正正后后的的句句子子The ability of some elements to give off radiations is referred to as radioactivity.例例 48
46、汉汉语语原原句句人人们们经经常常发发射射各各种种卫卫星星来来获获得得有有关太空的信息关太空的信息。英英 语语 错错 句句 The various satellites are frequently launched to obtain informations about space.改改 正正 后后 的的 句句 子子 Various satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about space.例例 49汉汉语语原原句句不不仅仅温温度度和和光光影影响响导导电电率率，而而且且给给半半导体加杂质也会使导电率变化很大导体加
47、杂质也会使导电率变化很大。英英语语错错句句Not only temperature and light affect the conductivity,but the addition of impurities to semiconductors will also make it to change greatly.改改正正后后的的句句子子Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity,but the addition of impurities to semiconductors will also make it ch
48、ange greatly.例例 50汉语原句汉语原句直流电总是朝一个方向流动直流电总是朝一个方向流动。英英语语错错句句The direct current always flow to one direction.改改正正后后的的句句子子Direct current flows always in one direction.例例 51汉语原句汉语原句在这里必须使用一个在这里必须使用一个8伏的电池伏的电池。英英语语错错句句 A 8-volts battery must be used here.改改正正后后的的句句子子 An 8-volt battery must be sued here.例
49、例 52汉汉语语原原句句结结果果表表明明，这这两两种种方方法法其其实实质质是是一一致致的的，只只不不过各有其应用的条件过各有其应用的条件。英英语语错错句句The results indicate that this two methods are consistent,they have only respective applied condition.改改正正后后的的句句子子 The results indicate that these two methods are consistent in essence,with the exception that they have thei
50、r own specific application conditions.例例 53汉语原句汉语原句这台仪器的价格很贵这台仪器的价格很贵。英语错句英语错句The price for this instrument is expensive.改正后的句子改正后的句子The price of this instrument is high.例例 54汉语原句汉语原句这个设备占地方太多这个设备占地方太多。英语错句英语错句This device takes too many places.改改正正后后的的句句子子This device occupies to much space（或或room）.例