《托福写作句型教学内容.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福写作句型教学内容.ppt（165页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、托福写作句型 就我们所知，有些事情早已是众所周知就我们所知，有些事情早已是众所周知的。有些事情我们知道自己知道。我们也的。有些事情我们知道自己知道。我们也知道，有些事情早已是已知的未知，这也知道，有些事情早已是已知的未知，这也就是说，我们现在知道了，有些事情我们就是说，我们现在知道了，有些事情我们其实并不知道。但也有一些事情是未知的其实并不知道。但也有一些事情是未知的未知未知这些事，我们并不知道自己不知这些事，我们并不知道自己不知道。道。文如其人This university was founded,with the support of our country,to further the
2、ties between our two nations.他彻夜都能听见大自然深沉而自由的呼吸。AllnightlonghecanhearNaturebreathingdeeplyandfreely.R.L.Stevenson,Travels with a donkey“你们要进窄门。因为引到灭亡，那门是宽的，路是大的，进去的人也多；引到永生，那门是窄的，路是小的，找着的人也少。”圣经：新约马太福音7章13-14节，第8页TOFELiBTWritingIntegratedWriting（20）IndependentWriting（30）独立写作攻略独立写作评分标准独立写作的写作语言独立写作构思
3、与结构独立写作开头、结尾、主题句、发展写法优秀的男人VS.优秀的文章优秀的男人1.做人要大方2.做事要有分寸3.做事要善始善终优秀的文章1.字数2.分段3.开头段和检查官方的说法是：“Aneffectiveresponseistypicallyabout300wordslong.Ifyouwritefewerthan300words，youmaystillreceiveatopscore，butexperiencehasshownthatshorterresponsestypicallydonotdemonstratethedevelopmentofideasneededtoearnascor
4、eof5.”。机经的分析(TOPICandTASK)2009年1月24日托福独立写作考题你认为没有共同兴趣和个性的人能彼此成为朋友吗OG225页第4题2009年5月31日托福独立写作考题Peoplewillspendlesstimeoncookingfood.A/DOG216页第3题2006年年1.14 同185题库28题3.25 同185题库84题4.8 同2005年12.36.17 同2005年12.167.15 同2006年1.67.29 同185题库 71题9.9 同185题库47题9.15 同2005年12.179.23 同185题库66题10.15 同2006年8.1810.22
5、同2006年3.1710.28同2006年2.311.3 同2006年9.911.17同2006年1.2111.18同185题库74题12.1同2006年9.2312.3同185题库72题12.8同2006年4.812.10同185题库41题12.13同185题库68题12.15同2006年3.2512.16同185题库62题2007年年1.6同2006年2.31.13同2006年12.131.14同2006年12.141.19同2006年3.31.27同2006年4.282.10同2006年2.32.27 同2007年2.103.3 同2006年8.263.7同2007年3.43.10同20
6、06年5.123.23同185题库576.30同2006年5.269.8 同2006年2.112008年年1.5同185题库62题1.13同06年10.211.19同06年11.52.16同185题库72题2.23 同185题库81题2.24同06年10.293.1同185题库38题3.2同185题库74题3.8同185题库273.29同185题库1354.27同185题库68题5.10同07年5.55.17同185题库57题5.31同185题库108题机经分析结论只考AorD题以及P题重复185题库的题目重复已经考过的题目可以转化为185题库的题目评分标准OGP209独立写作评分标准effe
7、ctively:in a way that produces the intended result or a successful resultorganized:arranged or planned in a particular order or structure developed:to make an idea clearer by explaining it furtherexplanation:a statement,fact or situation that tells you why a reason given for sthunity:the state of lo
8、oking or being complete in a natural and pleasing wayprogression:the process of developing gradually from one stage to another独立写作评分标准coherence:of different ideas,arguments,sentences to have a clear logical connection so that together they make a wholeconsistent:always behaving in the same way,or ha
9、ving the same opinions standarddetailsHe is rich.He owns a large company and has an annual income of 20 million dollars.details1)Youshouldstopsmokingnow.Youshouldgiveupsmokingnow,forthesakeofyourownhealth,forthesakeofthehealthofothers,forthesakeofyourfamily,andforthesakeoftheentireworld.2)Doctorsthi
10、nkthatanactivepersonshouldhavearestfulhobby,whileapersonwhositsatadeskshouldhavealivelyhobby.Doctorsthinkthatanactiveperson,suchasabaseballplayeroraswimmer,shouldhavearestfulhobbysuchasreading,collectionsofstamps,dolls,buttonsorshellsandsoon,whileapersonwhositsatadeskallday,suchasateacheroradoctorsh
11、ouldhavealivelyhobbysuchastennis,golf,swimmingorskating.3)Achildwithaproblemwillprobablygotohisfriendsforsympathy.Achildwithaproblem,thenhefeelswhathewillprobablygetfromhisparentsisincomprehensionorcriticism,willgoinsteadtohisfriendsforsympathyandadvice,leavingtheparentstotallyunawareoftheproblemheh
12、as.4)Wecanbeinformedofalotbyreadingbooks.Byreadingscientificbooks,wecanbeinformedofmanyfacts;byreadinggeography,weknowtheearthsurface,forms,physicalfeaturesandsoon;byreadinghistory,wearetoldofthegrowthofthenations.5)Wedbettertokeepcompanywiththetruefriends.Asfriendsarebothhelpfulanddisastrous,itisbe
13、ttertokeepcompanywiththetruefriendswhoarehelpful,encouragingandloyal,buttoavoidthosewhoaremean,stingyandtreacherous.unity,progression,coherenceIn any relationship of mine，I would wish that first of all，the person I am dealing with is honest.Even though he/she thinks that he/she did something wrong t
14、hat I wouldnt like，he/shed better tell me the truth and not lie about it.Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else，thatd be much more unpleasant.In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence i
15、n me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.So if I cannot trust a person anymore，if the person doesnt think I can handle the truth，there is no point to continuing that relationship.unity,progression,coherenceThe people lining up in the embassy are applying for a variety of
16、 visas.Some applicants want student visas.Other applicants want resident visas.The other applicants want tourist visas.Applying for resident visas is very difficult;one has to meet a lot of requirements.According to a recent survey，the largest number of applicants are applying for tourist visas.The
17、number of people applying for student visas comes in second.Among all the applicants，only a fraction want resident visas.AppropriateWordChoiceVQ（VocabularyQuotient）词汇进化词汇替换“一些人认为”Some无数的numerousmyriad(amyriadof)在周末我们做很多作业。A:Atweekends,wehavealotofhomeworktodo.B:Atweekends,wehaveendlesshomeworktodo.大
18、量的Agreat(large,huge,considerable,significant,noticeable)numberofAgreat(large,huge,considerable,significant,noticeable)amountofAgreat(large,huge,considerable,significant,noticeable)quantityofAgreat(large,huge,considerable,significant,noticeable)portionof对半的almosthalfofnearlyhalfofclosetohalfofapproxi
19、matelyhalfof大多的the(vast/overwhelming)majorityof“一些人认为”people公众thepublic各行各业peoplefromallwalksoflifepeoplefromeverytradepeoplefromavarietyofindustriespeopleofallkindspeoplefromdifferentwalksoflifeawiderangeofreaders/audiences学生examineestesteesstudents支持者/反对者followersobjectorsconsentersdissentersadvoc
20、atesopponentssupportersdiscommenders参与者participantscandidatesinterviewees“一些人认为”thinkassumeargueholdclaimsuggestdeclaredeemassertstateinsistmaintaindoubtsuspect支持giveonessupportforexpressonessupportforshowonessupportfordemonstrateonessupportfor赞成/反对votefor/againstballotfor/againstcastonesvote/ballot
21、for/againstsidewithstandonthesideof接受taketheadvisethatfollowthesuggestionthataccepttheopinion/ideathat意见是onesviewpointisthatbewiththeviewthatItisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat词汇替换Chairman is the _(重要的重要的)figure in managing board.importantessentialpivotal principal chiefmomentous fatefulsig
22、nificant dominant leadinglargely chiefly predominantly洗澡间和厨房都很好。A:Thebathroomandthekitchenaregood.B:Thebathroomandthekitchenarewell-furnished.好好学习好好孝敬父母好好对女朋友好好对男朋友好工作好学校引起人们注意claim/call/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth.意识到thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/thatawakensb.tothefact/danger
23、适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change接触各种思想/经历：beexposedtonewideas/experiences/problems接触社会：comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society获得成功：achieve/accomplishsuccess提出观点/建议：advance/putforward/comeupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：maketremendous/persistent/sust
24、ainedefforttodosth.takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study)影响学习/工作：interferewithstudies/work产生影响：have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personalityhaveadramatic/undesirableeffecton较好地驾驭生活：beabetterpilotofoneslife剥夺机会/权力：depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity取代旧的方式：substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway采取措
25、施：takeeffectivesteps/measuresto控制我们的环境：takeincreasingcontroloverourownenvironment躲避危险/挑战：runawayfromthedangers/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof补偿损失：compensatefor/makeupfortheloss/damage解释某现象：accountfor/explainthephenomenon对很好的了解：haveabetterunderstanding/appreciationofhaveanewperspec
26、tiveonprovide/gainaninsightinto把某因素考虑进去：takesth.intoaccount(consideration)givemuchthoughtto培养对的信心：develop/fosteronesinterest/confidencein经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experiencegreatchanges（hardships/experience）发挥/起到重要作用：playan(important/active/great)role/part知识/经验丰富：richinknowledge/experience确立/追求目标：set/pursu
27、eagoal/higherstandard到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stainthegoal/aim/objective克服困难：overcomeobstacles/difficulty面临危险/困难：beconfronted/facedwith/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty阻碍了成功：standinthewayofsuccessbeanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof持传统的看法：holdconventionalwisdom发表看
28、法：voice/expressonesopinion持相反/合理的观点：taketheopposite/freshview揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatterthemythof把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/ownthesuccess/failureto对重要：beindispensable/important/vitalto重视：assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto强调：place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon把注意力集中在：focus/concentrateonesattention/efforts/th
29、oughtsupon提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnishanopportunityforsb.抓住机会：grab/seize/taketheopportunity得到机会：enjoy/gainaccesstoanopportunity有可能：thereis(little/much)possibilitythat展开竞争：competeagainst/withsb.forsth.开展运动：conduct(undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide)campaign(for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义
30、：makemuchsensetome带来无穷的幸福/满足：beasourceofhappiness/satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoacareer真正重要的是：whatreallymatters/accountsis改变生活旅程：change/alterthecourseoflife建立在大量的学习/实践上：builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experime
31、nt辞去工作/学习：leave/quitonesjob/work/school参加考试/竞赛等：enter(for)theexamination/contest/race参加活动/讨论：takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shapeonesthinking/attitude进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achiev
32、eonesdrea(hopes/wish/desire)减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgradesocialstatus/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership提高技术/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)onesskill/ability加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthedevelop
33、mentof随着生活节奏的加快：withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society开阔眼界/兴趣：broadenonesinterest/outlookexpand(broaden/enlarge)onesmentalhorizons有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contributemuch/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof/thepopularityof/thegrowthof/thesolutionof有助于解决问题：goalongwayto(towards/in)solvingthep
34、roblem迷恋名利/财富：beobsessed/preoccupiedwithfame/fortune把时间花/浪费在：spend/wastetimedoingsth.putinhoursdoingsth.利用机会/技术：make(full/better)useofopportunity/timetakeadvantageofopportunity/time,把知识/经验运用到：apply/putthetheory/knowledge/experiencetopractice/dailylife/gooduse取得进步：makemuchprogress/strides/gainsin充分发挥
35、潜力/能力：developonesability/potentialtothefullgivefullplaytoonesability充满激情/渴望：haveaburningdesire/agreatpassionfor“炼字”方法1.词汇意义的细化Chairman is the _(重要的重要的)figure in managing board.importantessentialpivotal principal chiefmomentous fatefulsignificant dominant leadinglargely chiefly predominantly2.中文释义的甄别
36、ambiguous3.英文解释的使用dedicate题献？dedicateto inscribe or address by way of compliment韦氏大学词典dedicate something to someone to say at the beginning of something such as a book or song that it has been written for a person you love or admire麦克米兰词典If someone dedicate something such as a book,play,or a piece o
37、f music to you,they mention your name,for example in front of a book or when a piece of music is performed,as a way of showing affection or respect for you.柯林斯词典（三）对词汇用法的研究语料库柯林斯词典语料库（离线）现代美语语料库汉英平行语料库红楼梦平行语料库小许语料天涯www.americancorpus.org补遗：用语料库解决写作中的语法问题英汉双语平行语料库语法词一、名词的分类一、名词的分类二、名词分类模糊性二、名词分类模糊性In
38、fact,womenneedtoberespectedenoughtoholdprofessionalandleadershipjobsinourcommunity.Manyofthefamousscientistsandleadersarewomen,fromMarieCurietoMargaretThatcher.二、名词分类模糊性二、名词分类模糊性Thegreatbookchangedheroutlookonlife.Theyarereadytogivetheirlivesfortheircountry.三、名词的三种所有格形式及表达三、名词的三种所有格形式及表达三种所有格形式（1）s或
39、（2）of（3）双重所有格写作中避免低级语法失误A表示天体的名词的所有格用“s”。地球的环境B表示地区机构的名词的所有格用“s”。世界的发展政府的计划C表示度量与货币价值的所有格用“s”。价值200美元的自行车D表示“有关”非所有关系的用of介词短语。垃圾问题写作中避免低级语法失误E表示同位关系的用of介词短语。化学系庄先湾路鸟乌F表示部分或全部的用of介词短语。大部分人一小部分吸烟者G表示抽象概念的用of介词短语。生活费用吸烟的习惯H名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the形容词”表示一类人，其所有格用of介词短语。吸二手烟的人的身心健康无家可归的人的卫生保健问题I复合名词或短语，s加在最后一个
40、词的词尾。一两个月的锻炼主谓一致主谓一致一、名词作主语时，谓语动词必须和它的主一、名词作主语时，谓语动词必须和它的主语的人称、数保持一致。语的人称、数保持一致。随着快餐越来越受欢迎，传统食品的特色正在削弱。主谓一致主谓一致Thestrikinglynewformsofarchitecturethatappearedinthelatenineteenthandtwentiethcenturieswerebuilttomeettheneedsofindustryandofcommercebasedonindustry,inasocietywhoseessentialcharacterandinte
41、rnalrelationshipshadbeensharplytransformedbytheIndustrialRevolution.主谓一致二、集体名词做主语，谓语动词可单可复，单数强二、集体名词做主语，谓语动词可单可复，单数强 调整体，复数强调个体。调整体，复数强调个体。爱好看电视的人正在迅速增加。（爱好看电视的人正在迅速增加。（publicpublic）电视最新的观众是肥猫胖狗。（电视最新的观众是肥猫胖狗。（audienceaudience）中国电视观众现在达到中国电视观众现在达到1.21.2亿。亿。The United States government _（share）govern
42、mental powers with the states under the federal system established by the United States Constitution.主谓一致三、用三、用and连接的名词做主语，谓语动词用连接的名词做主语，谓语动词用 复数。复数。尼古丁和焦油是香烟中含有的两种最具危害性的化学物质。主谓一致Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancie
43、ntmusic-althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.主谓一致四、as well as和名词连用，谓语动词和第和名词连用，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。一个名词相一致。Television program producers,as well as columnists and writers,are always aware of what the public want to s
44、ee,therefore tend to pander to tastes of the public.主谓一致煎炸食品和汉堡包对孩子们身体的成长有煎炸食品和汉堡包对孩子们身体的成长有害。害。主谓一致五、either.or,neithernor,notonlybutalso连接名词时，“就近原则”。听舒缓的音乐、大笑、看一部好电影或享受按摩立刻减轻你的压力。代词代词易混淆的不定代词1.both,all,either,neitherevery one（everyone,everybody）【辨析】联系：联系：都能单独使用 区别：区别：1.前者可与of连用，后者不能2.前者可指人指物，后者指人同类
45、的还有：同类的还有：any one(anyone,anybody)some one(someone,somebody)none(no one,nobody)题库133Everyonethereforeactuallyhashisorherownworlddifferentfromthoseofothers,becauseeventhoughweallliveinasingleworld,eachandeveryoneofusinfactlivesindistinctiveworldswhicharedeterminedbydistinctiveperceptionsthatvarywidely
46、fromindividualtoindividual.3.few，a few；little，a little【辨析】1.few,afew修饰可数名词，little,alittle修饰不可数名词2.few,little表示否定，afew,alittle表示肯定4.another，others,the other,the others,the rest帮忙做家务很重要的另外一个理由就是，它可以在孩子们很小的时候激发一种很强的职业道德。就像大多数游戏一样，国际象棋鼓励孩子与其他人交往。我们认为，一种资源是否比另一种（资源）更重要要依情况而定。我是一个完美主义者。当我在一个团队或小组里工作时，通常他们
47、的工作标准比我的低。一个新的研究中心，不管是以商业还是以农业为基础，不仅会给我们的国家带来好处，也将有益于世界上的其他国家。5.部分否定和全部否定部分否定和全部否定老托阅读Butnot all animalparents,eventhosethattendtheiroffspringtothepointofhatchingorbirth,feedtheiryoung.数词数词写作中概数和倍数的表达写作中概数和倍数的表达一、概数的表达一、概数的表达1.大于整数“morethan+基数”“over/above基数”。“基数ormore”。如：Noparentisabletobeprofession
48、alinallfields,thoughtheymightbeexpertsinoneormorefields.2.小于整数“lessthan/under/below基数”。“基数orless”。“upto基数”。Collegedormroomscanhaveuptoeightstudentssleepinginonesmallroomandarenotgoodenvironmentsforstudentstostudyin.二、倍数的表达二、倍数的表达1.“基数times名词短语”。2.“基数形容词（副词）比较级than名词短语”。3.“基数timesasas”。4.“基数timeswhat
49、分句”。5.用-fold表示。Beefisfourtimesthepriceofchicken.Thepriceofbeefhasincreasedfourtimes.Beefisfourtimesmoreexpensivethanchicken.Beefcostsfourtimesmorethanchicken.Thepriceofbeefisfourtimesasmuchaschicken.Beefcostsfourtimesasmuchaschicken.Beefisfourtimeswhatchickencosts.Beefisfourfoldthepriceofchicken.Syn
50、tacticVariety1.英语句子探微2.英语句子俯瞰3.英语句子扩张4.英语句子进阶5.英语句子转换Theplantwillgrow.Timeflies.五大基本句型1.主系表：MynamesForrest,ForrestGump.2.主谓：Mrs.Gump leavesandclosesthedoor.3.主谓宾：Mrs.Gumpleavesandcloses thedoor.4.主谓双宾:NexttoMomma,noonetalkedtomeorasked mequestions.5.主谓宾补：DearGod,makemeabirdsoIcanflyfar,far,farawayfr