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1、一般将来时态和现在完成一般将来时态和现在完成时态时态主主要要内内容容下一页上一页上一页 一般将来时一般将来时 一、一般将来时的构成:shall(第一人称)+动词原形 will（第二、三人称）注意：美语中不管什么人称一律用will,在口语中所有人称都可以用will，但在第一人称的疑问句 中经常用shall.eg:What shall we do then?What time shall we leave?主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 一般将来时的肯定、否定和疑问式：主菜单上一页下一页人称肯定式否定式疑问式第一人称I will work.I will not work.Shall I
2、work?第二人称You will work.You will not work.Will you work?第三人称He will work.He will not work.Will he work?二、一般将来时的基本用法：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语注连用。egeg:Next month my sister will be twenty.Ill send you the book as soon as possible,I promise you.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 A 表示将来的时间状语 常用的表示将来的时间状语有：tomor
3、row,tomorrow morning,tomorrow,tomorrow morning,tomorrow afternoon,tomorrow tomorrow afternoon,tomorrow evening,next week,next month,evening,next week,next month,next year,in two days,soon,the next year,in two days,soon,the day after tomorrowday after tomorrow等等。主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来经常发生或反复发生的动作。
4、eg:eg:Ill come and see you every Sunday next year.We shall come and work in this factory every year.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 B 问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请.eg:eg:Will you please sign your name here?Ill be glad to help you.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 C 用于带有条件状语从句的主句 中表示将来时间.eg:If you work hard,youll succeed.If you go on foo
5、t,you will not be able to get there on time.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 D 三、一般将来时的其他表示方法(一)、be going to+动词原形:表示将来 a.主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时（二）、
6、be+不定式：表示安排、命令或预定要做的事情。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.We are to be back nine oclock.You are to finish the work buy supper time.主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时(三)、be about to do：表示“即将做某 事”或“将要做某事”eg:He is about to leave for Beijing.I was about to start out when it began to snow.注意：be about tobe abou
7、t to 不能与tomorrow,next tomorrow,next weekweek 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。主菜单上一页下一页 一般将来时一般将来时 上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页助动词助动词have have(has
8、(has）+过过去分词去分词过去分词的构成过去分词的构成上一页下一页 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABC主菜单现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在已经结束。上一页下一页Someone has just turned off the light.Someone
9、 has just turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了。)I have already finished my homework.I have already finished my homework.(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业。)主菜单二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继续。上一页下一页 I want to see how much the place has I want to see how much the place has changed since changed since I saw it l
10、ast.I saw it last.我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页Have you ever been to the Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Summer Palace?(你曾去过颐和园吗?)I have never
11、 had a car.I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单四.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he has driven a car This is the first time he has driven a car.这是他第一次开车。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单五.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。上一页下一页What a boring filmWha
12、t a boring film！一部多么令人厌烦的电影啊！Its the most boring film Ive ever Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few we
13、eksnow,so far,for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和包括现在在内包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语一段时间的状语连用，如:now,now,today,this morning(afternoon,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),these evening,week,month,year),these days,since,for a long time days,since,for a long time等.上一页下一页主菜单一、一、s
14、incesince短语或从句表示过去的动短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，作延续至今，sincesince之后的时间为一点之后的时间为一点。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约
15、学了五千个英语单词。）上一页下一页主菜单二二、forfor短语表示动作延续多长时短语表示动作延续多长时 间，间，forfor的宾语为时间段。的宾语为时间段。We have known each other for We have known each other for twenty years.twenty years.（我们认识有二十年了。）I havent seen her for a long time.I havent seen her for a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页主菜单三、三、just,lately,recentlyjust,lately,r
16、ecently是完成时的是完成时的时间状语，时间状语，just now just now 有有a moment a moment ago ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived.The train has just arrived.（火车刚到。）Did you see Joan just now?Did you see Joan just now?（你刚才看到琼了吗？）Have you heard from your family Have you heard from your family lately/re
17、cently?lately/recently?（你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单四、四、in the past few years in the past few years 意思是意思是“过去过去几年来几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；，可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在过去在过去”，常作一般，常作一般过去时的时间状语。过去时的时间状语。Great changes have taken place Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few in
18、 my hometown in the past few years.years.（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）Where did you work in the past?Where did you work in the past?（你过去在哪里工作？）上一页下一页主菜单五、五、even since theneven since then与与from then on from then on(after that)(after that)都有都有“打那以后打那以后”之意，之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。用作一般过去时的
19、时间状语。Shes lived here ever since then.Shes lived here ever since then.（打那以后，她一直住在这。）I didnt hear of Jim from then I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that.on/after that.（打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）上一页下一页主菜单 六、六、beforebefore泛指泛指“以前以前”时，可用时，可用于现在完成时中；于现在完成时中；agoago表示表示“现在的现在的一段时间以前一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的，是一般过去时的时间状语。时
20、间状语。Ive never been to Japan beforeIve never been to Japan before.（我以前没去过日本。）She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago.（她一年前去了日本。）上一页下一页主菜单七、七、everever和和nevernever也是现在完成时常见的也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是时间状语。前者意思是“曾经曾经”，多见，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从从来没有来没有”，表示全部否定。，表示全部否定。“Have you ever
21、 seen the film?”“Have you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.”“No.I have never seen it.”（“你曾经看过这部影片吗？”“没有，从来没看过。”）Nobody in our class has ever Nobody in our class has ever been therebeen there.（我们班没有人去过那。）上一页下一页主菜单八、八、alreadyalready和和yetyet常见于现在完成时常见于现在完成时中，有中，有“已经已经”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，
22、后者用在疑问句中。在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“还还”之意。之意。“Has the bus left yet”?“Has the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.”“Yes.It has already left.”(“No.It hasnt left yet.)(“No.It hasnt left yet.)“汽车开走了吗？”“是的，已经开走了。”“不，还没有开走。”上一页下一页主菜单九、九、so far(so far(到目前为止到目前为止)，these days(these days(这这些天些天)也是现在
23、完成时常见的时间状语。也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。So far,no man has travelled So far,no man has travelled farther than the moon.farther than the moon.（到目前为止，还没有人到月球以外旅行。）What have you done these days?What have you done these days?（这些天来，你做了什么事？）上一页下一页主菜单十、十、now,today,this morning,this now,today,this morning,this yearyear等有时
24、可以用现在完成时中，以等有时可以用现在完成时中，以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。I have learned how to swim nowI have learned how to swim now.（我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。）Have you seen Han Meimei this Have you seen Han Meimei this morning?morning?（你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arr
25、ive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry 等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来 代替短暂性动词。主菜单 become become bebe,begin,beginhavehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be be here/there/inhere/there/in，diediebebe dea
26、ddead,fall asleep(ill)fall asleep(ill)be asleep(ill),be asleep(ill),finish finish be overbe over,get to,get to knowknowknowknow,join,joinbe in be in（be be a member of a member of ）,leave,leavebe be away(from),away(from),marry marrybebe marriedmarried等；下一页上一页主菜单也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型句型“It is si
27、nce从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用或用“一般过去时+ago”这一这一结构来表述延续性的动作或结构来表述延续性的动作或状状 态。态。上一页下一页主菜单他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.It is five
28、 years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago.He joined the Party five years ago.电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganIt is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.Th
29、e film began five minutes ago.下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for
30、 five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years
31、 ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He
32、 has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿
33、。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have You have never been there,have you?you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.last year.我
34、去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只表示发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chine
35、se dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成
36、时连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(昨天),the other day(前两天),just now(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间 等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.主菜单四常与现在完成时连用的表示到现在为止这段时间的词短语或从句:上一页下一页so fa
37、r(到 现 在 为 止),up to(till,until)now直到现在，lately（最近）yet,since+过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。eg：The weather has been hot so far this summer.I havent seen her yet.主菜单可与现在完成时连用，也可与一般过去时连用的时间状语：for+时间，this+时间,表示不确定时间：ever,never,before,just,recently,already上一页下一页主菜单上一页下一页eg:1.I have learnt English for three years.2.I learn
38、t English for three years.3.I have written two letters this morning.4.I wrote two letters this morning.主菜单上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an
39、hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its
40、 interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 for
41、和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页
42、上一页主菜单用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _the Mum is not at home now.she _the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to _ you ever _ to kunmingkunming?Never.?Never.4.4.W
43、here _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?6.6.Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei i
44、s looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Gu
45、angzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单Thank you!Good bye!1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year.结束结束