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1、Unit 26Making JourneysUnit 26P100 现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别主要从时间状语上来区别主要从时间状语上来区别She bought a book on the way to school.She was late for the class this morning.She was born in 1980.I had a good meal this morning.现在完成时态现在完成时态vI have already(just/never/ever)bought a car.vShe has not finished his book yet.v Gre
2、at changes have taken place in the past few years.v I have been here for twenty years.v I have lived in NingBo since 1980Ago10 days agoIn 1987When he was youngLast yearLong long agoOne dayEverNeverAlreadyYetJustIn the past few yearsFor 10 yearsSince last yearby 强调的是到某个时间前某事强调的是到某个时间前某事已经发生，包括这个时间点在内
3、；已经发生，包括这个时间点在内；而而before强调的是在某个时间点强调的是在某个时间点之前，不包括这个时间点在内。之前，不包括这个时间点在内。till 则是强调动作一直持续到这则是强调动作一直持续到这个时间点为止，有时表示动作或个时间点为止，有时表示动作或状态持续时间比较长状态持续时间比较长 P100 by/till/untilFor example:Ill be back by three.我三点以前回来。It began to rain,just before midnight.就在午夜前天开始下雨。They talked till one oclock this morning.他们一
4、直谈到深夜一点。注意注意:not.until he didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.He wasnt late for class until he lost his watch.He didnt go there until he had something to do.90.Tell -told o Tell sb sth tell me a storyoTell a lie/a story.oTell sb about sth tell him about that thingoTell sb to do sth/tell s
5、b not to do sth tell him to finish it oTell sb that Tom said to me“I want to go”.Tom told me(that)he wanted to go P93情态动词情态动词Can 能够能够 I can say my ABC.Can you help me?=could you help me?=what can I do for you?猜测：猜测：he can not be poor.（对（对否定否定推测）推测）he must be a doctor.（100%肯定）肯定）he may be a student.（
6、不太肯定）（不太肯定）对过去的推测对过去的推测Must have done 对对过去肯定过去肯定的推测的推测地是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了地是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了 It must have rained last night,because the ground is wet.he must have left his key in the office.Can be/do Can I help you?He cant be here.i saw him in the street just now.Could have done 本能做某事而实际未做;可能做某事，但可能性很小He could ha
7、ve left early.Tom could have come on time.They could have borrowed money from me yesterday.Should have done 本应该干某本应该干某事而实际未干事而实际未干vYou should have finished your homework yesterday.vHe should have repaid my money.vJim should have come to college.vI should have come to help you but I was too busy.I ha
8、ve no idea who stole his wallet.it _ anyoneA.could have beenB.should have beenC.must have beenP93不定代词不定代词Some something somebody someone I have some friends here.she has some money.Would you like some apples?（疑问句希望得到对方肯定的回答）（疑问句希望得到对方肯定的回答）someone is waiting for you.I have something important to tel
9、l you.Some I have some money I have some friends.Would you like some apples?Any I have not any friendsDo you have any questions?You can visit me any time.no I have no friends.Must have doneShould have doneCould have done.Any;anyone;anything;anybodyDo you have any money?I dont have any books.You can
10、visit me at any time.Anyone can answer this question,because it is very easy.I dont have anything to do.No;no one;nobody;nothingI have no moneyI have not any money.There is no one in the classroom.Nothing is wrong.Nobody can help me.No one can help you.There is nothing wrong with my watch.注意：不定代词定语后
11、置注意：不定代词定语后置You can wear anything you like.I have bought something to eat.He didnt buy anything interesting.I have something important to do.P95.before/after/while/whenWhile引导的时间状语从句中的动作或状态往往持续时间比较长 While引导的从句常常用进行时态While I was watching TV,the telephone rang.当我正看电视的时候，电话铃响了。While也可以用来连接两个同时进行的动作，比如：
12、I was cooking while my husband was writing.我做饭的时候，我丈夫在写作。而when引导的从句中的动作往往延续时间比较短I was just reading the newspaper when the telephone rang.我正在读报纸时电话铃响了。当老师进来的时候，学生们正在看电视。When the teacher came in,the students were watching TV.meet walkWhile I was walking in the street,I met him.When the teacher came in
13、,the students were reading a book.While was/were doing did When did was/were doingWhile I was reading a book,he came in.When he came in,I was reading a book.Before/after_he was born,his mother had his elder brother._he graduated from middle school,he joined the army.二、不定代词和不定副词1.构成复合不定代词、副词是由some,an
14、y,no，every与thing,one,body,where(副词)构成，但no one例外。例如：something,someone,anyone,anybody,somewhere,nowhere等。2.明确用法a.通常情况下，something,somebody,someone,somewhere常用于肯定句；anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句和疑问句。但在表示请求、建议、反问等疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定答复时，常用something,somebody,someone,somewhere。例如：There is something wrong
15、with your eyes.你的眼睛有毛病了。Is there anything in that box?那盒子里有什么东西吗？Will you ask someone to carry the box for me?你找人替我扛这箱子好吗？b.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。c.复合不定代词、副词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词和动词不定式等应置于不定代词、副词之后。例如：I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情告诉你。d.带有
16、no的复合不定代词、副词相当于not+any的复合不定代词、副词。例如：I saw nothing in the room.=I didnt see anything in the room.我在屋子里什么也没看见。e.在反意疑问句中，表示人的复合不定代词在陈述句中作主语时，附加疑问句中的主语要用he或they；表示物的复合不定代词在陈述句中作主语时，附加疑问句中的主语要用it。例如：Everybody enjoyed reading the book,didnt he/they?每个人都喜欢看这本书，是吗？Everything goes well,doesnt it?一切顺利，是吗？3、注意
17、转换运用复合不定代词、副词时还应注意否定句与肯定句的转换。例如：Theres nobody there.=There isnt anybody there三、三、there be 句型句型 (P111)There be句型：there be句型是含有be动词的一个重要句型。其结构如下：there+be动词+名词+地点状语There is a school there.那里有一个学校。在这个句型中a school是真正的主语，be动词的形式由它决定。当这个名词是单数时，be动词是is或was,当这个名词是复数时，be动词用are或were。如：There are many students in
18、 the classroom.在教室里有许多学生There was an accident in the street last night.昨晚这街上有个车祸。There were lots of people in the room when I got in.当我进去的时候，屋里有很多人。There be/haveThere are many books in my bag,arent there?There is a book,two pencils in my bag.There will be a football match this afternoon.I have a boo
19、k.She has a brother.We have got a chance to go abroad.四、表示地点的介词四、表示地点的介词(p111)英语中有不少介词可用来表示地点，其中有些英语中有不少介词可用来表示地点，其中有些表示静止的地点，有些表示动态的方向，有些表示静止的地点，有些表示动态的方向，有些则可在不同的上下文里分别表示静止的地点或则可在不同的上下文里分别表示静止的地点或动态的方向。动态的方向。例如，例如，above,among,before,under表示静止的表示静止的地点，地点，from,into,onto,to,toward(s)表示动态的表示动态的方向，而方向，
20、而aboard,along,on,up等介词既可以表等介词既可以表示静止的地点，也可以表示动态的方向。示静止的地点，也可以表示动态的方向。表示地点的介词中，有些相互之间意义比较接表示地点的介词中，有些相互之间意义比较接近，但仍在不同程度上存在着差异，以下将对近，但仍在不同程度上存在着差异，以下将对几组介词进行比较：几组介词进行比较：In 1989/March/in the morningOn Monday/Tuesday morning/on a rainy nightAt noon/midnight/six(1)at,on和in一般来讲，at表示在某个地点，on表示在平面或线上，in表示在某
21、范围或某空间内。at常用于表示一个点的概念的地点的名称前。如一个城镇，当它作为地图上的一个地点，与其他地点相对而言时，我们常用at。相反，如果把这个城镇视为一个具有房屋、衔道等的一块地盘，将在这个范围之内和在这个范围之外进行比较时，一般用in。因此，常用in表示可测量的区域，如in Japan,in Beijing。on则一般用来表示在某一平面或线上，试比较：Lets meet at the station.(咱们车站见吧。)Who is standing there at the door?(准站在门口?)We arrived at London yesterday.(昨天我们到了伦敦。)W
22、e have lived in London for two years.(我们在伦敦住了两年。)Which hotel shall we stay in?(我们住哪个旅馆?)He comes from a small city on the Changjiang River.(他来自长江边上的一座小城。)(这里on表示在某一线上。)They strolled backwards and forwards on the lawns.(他们在草坪上来回走着。)(这里on表示在某一平面上。)这三个介词可与同一名词搭配使用，但表示的含义不同，例如：Id prefer to put my desk a
23、t the window.(我更想把桌子放在靠窗处。)A face appeared in the window.(窗子里出现了一张脸。)The boy pressed his face on the window.(那个男孩把脸贴在窗子上。)上面第一句中的at意思接近于by,beside,near。in指的是窗户这个框架里的范围，on则指玻璃表面。at经常与以下名词搭配：at(the)bank,church,cinema,hotel,office,school,theatre,university等。在这里，用at是从社会功能上考虑，把以上表示地点的名词视为一个机构，而in与这些名词一起使用
24、时，往往是从地理面貌上着眼，指一个地理上的地点。试比较：Peter is at Cambridge.(彼得在剑桥大学上学。)(他是个学生。)Peter is in Cambridge.(彼得在剑桥。)(他可能住在那里，也可能是在那儿参观访问。)in和on后面接表示交通工具的名词时，常常可以互换使用。如in/on a bus,train,ship等。但一般来讲，in更倾向于封闭性的交通工具，如in a car,而不说in a horse。(2)over,above,under和belowover和above,under和below分别是两对近义词。但above和below只表示位置或等级上更高(
25、低)，over和under侧重于表示垂直的概念，意思为“directly above”和“directly belo w”，即“垂直在上”和“垂直在下”。试比较：A hill is above the bridge.A clear sky is over the bridge.在这两句中，above和over不能互换。The cat is lying under the table.(猫在桌子下面。)(表示猫在桌子的正下方，是垂直关系。)He waited below the window.(他在窗子下等候。)(这里，他并不是在窗子的正下方，而是斜下方，不是垂直关系。)In spite of
26、Because it is rainingBecause of rain(n.)/herIn spite of _In the morning/in 1987/in MayOn Monday on Tuesday morningOn a rainy nightAt sixAt noon Has madeHas reserved Has collectedHas picked up has asked will ask Has spoken has askedHas had has got Made has prepared has booked Get ready for Made a pho
27、ne call MadeMake/arrange an appointment WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS：1.P99：某件事情进展怎样？：某件事情进展怎样？2.Pick up 取物取物3.Fix the time 定下时间定下时间4.I have something to do 我有事要做我有事要做5.参加人员参加人员 participant6.Have sth done 请别人干某事请别人干某事7.P104:Embark 登机登机 8.偷走偷走walk off withP115 In good time 正好正好 Departure lounge 侯机厅侯机厅 Look round 闲逛闲逛 Take off 脱下脱下 Make a decision 作出决定作出决定 Consider doing 考虑做某事考虑做某事 Pay a visit to sb 拜访某人拜访某人 In spite of 尽管尽管 Fabulous 绝妙的绝妙的 suppose 假设假设