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1、4 4、掌握被动语态的特殊用法、掌握被动语态的特殊用法、掌握被动语态的特殊用法、掌握被动语态的特殊用法1 1、掌握被动语态的定义及其构成、掌握被动语态的定义及其构成、掌握被动语态的定义及其构成、掌握被动语态的定义及其构成2 2、掌握被动语态在各种时态中的运用、掌握被动语态在各种时态中的运用、掌握被动语态在各种时态中的运用、掌握被动语态在各种时态中的运用3 3、掌握主动语态和被动语态的互变、掌握主动语态和被动语态的互变、掌握主动语态和被动语态的互变、掌握主动语态和被动语态的互变第1页/共32页基 础 知 识一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种
2、：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义第2页/共32页2.被动语态的构成：被字句：主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+by sb.我打他 I beat him.(打过了)他被我打He was beaten by me.他喜欢她 He likes her.她被他喜欢She is liked by him.(am/is/are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的
3、过去分词不变。第3页/共32页主动语态变被动语态的方法：We speak English.（主动语态）主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us.（被动语态）主语 谓语 宾语宾变主，主变宾，前加by动变被，看清be，结构分别be+pp123第4页/共32页主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)1.主+am/is/are2.主+am/is/are+being3.主+will+be4.主+has been1.He is a leader.2.He is being here.3.He will be a leader.4.He has been a leader.第5页/共32页主
4、动语态be的谓语形式总结(2)1.主+was/were2.主+was/were+being3.主+would+be4.主+had been1.He was a leader.2.He was being here just now.3.He would be a leader.4.He had been a leader several years ago.第6页/共32页各种时态被动语态的结构:一般现在时:is/am/are done一般将来时：will be done现在进行时：is/am/are being done现在完成时：have/has been done一般过去时：was/we
5、re done过去将来时：would/should be done过去进行时：was/were being done过去完成时：had been done含情态动词的：情态动词+be+done第7页/共32页被动语态:主+be+过去分词+(by sb)1.He eats the apple.2.He ate the apple.3.He is eating the apple.4.He was eating the apple.5.He will eat the apple.6.He would eat the apple.7.He has eaten the apple.8.He had e
6、aten the apple.1.The apple is eaten by him.2.The apple was eaten by him.3.The apple is being eaten by him.4.The apple was being eaten by him.5.The apple will be eaten by him.6.The apple would be eaten by him.7.The apple has been eaten by him.8.The apple had been eaten by him.第8页/共32页三、情态动词的被动语态他儿子一定
7、照顾这个人。His son must take care of the person.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。The person must be taken care of by his son.含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.第9页/共32页1.You must do this as soon as possible.2.I can use it.3.You should buy a dictionary.4.They need lo
8、ok after the little child.5.We can change water into ice.1.This must be done as soon as possible(by you).2.It can be used.3.A dictionary should be bought (by you).4.The little child need be looked after(by them).5.Water can be changed into ice.第10页/共32页没有被动语态的几种情况(1).所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。这类动词或
9、短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，die,end(vi.结束),fail,lie,come truee.g:The story happened in 1990.e.g:His dream has come true.e.g:Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.第11页/共32页(2)系动词无被动语态：be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,taste,The piece of music
10、 sounds good.听起来很好。The cake tastes delicious.第12页/共32页被动语态中几个要注意的问题：1、使役动词和感官动词的被动语态在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后都是接动词原形，而在被动语态中需接动词不定式。e.g:The great news made her feel happy.she was made to feel happy by the great news.I heard her sing in her room a few minutes ago.She was heard to sing in her room a few minut
11、es ago.第13页/共32页2、含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态 有些双宾动词(如buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较：He gave her some money.他给她一些钱。She was given some money.Some money was given to him.He b
12、ought her a watch.他给她买了一快表。A watch was bought for her.She was bought a watch.第14页/共32页3、一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。He listens to the radio every day.The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.第15页/
13、共32页基础练习题()1.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found()2.English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken()3.This English song_ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sungBDD第16页/共32页()
14、4.This kind of car _ in Japan.A.makes B.made C.is making D.is made()5New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used()6.Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keepDCB第17页/共32页()7.A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built
15、C.been built D.be building()8.The key _ on the table when I leave.A.was left B.will be left C.is left D.has been left()9.His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being publishedD.has been publishedBCA第18页/共32页()10.The flowers_often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must wa
16、tered D.must waterB第19页/共32页提高练习题1.The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will rebuiltC.are going to be rebuilt D.are going to rebuilt2.The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.will shownC.will show D.is shownAA第20页/共32页3.Now these magazines_ in th
17、e library for a long time.A.have kept B.are keeping C.have been keeping D.have been kept4.-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been soldDC第21页/共32页5.These papers_yet.A.have not written B.have not been writtenC.has not written D.has not been written6.
18、The sports meet _ be held until next week.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt7.The books may_ for two weeks.A.be kept B.be borrowed C.keep D.borrowBBA第22页/共32页8.The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A.can mend B.can mended C.can be mend D.can be mended9.Tea _ in the south of China.(多)A.grows B.is grown C.wer
19、e grown D.will grow10.Old people must _.A.look after wellB.be looked well afterC.looked well afterD.be looked after wellDBD第23页/共32页11.Newly-born babies_in hospital.A.are taken good careB.are taken good care ofC.take good care of D.take good care12.I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or no
20、t.A.am given B.was been giving C.had given D.was given13.She will_good care_.A.take;of B.be taken;of C.take;for you D.be taken;of youBDB第24页/共32页14.The teacher made him_ his homework.A.to do B.do C.did D.done15.These children_dance.A.were seen to B.were seen for C.were seen D.saw to16.The bike _ 500
21、 yuan.A.was cost B.costedC.cost D.is costedBAC第25页/共32页17.The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A.was had B.was held C.held D.had18.Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A.took place to B.have taken place C.were taking place D.had taken placeBD第26页/共32页19.The medicine_in a dry
22、and cool place.A.keep B.must keep C.must be kept D.must be keepC第27页/共32页练 习 题1.Somebody_Jack phoned while you were out.A.to call B.calling C.being called D.called 2.These walls_stone.A.are made of B.made of C.are made into D.made into3.Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A.called B.was
23、 asked C.told D.was said第28页/共32页4.The coat_her sister.A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to5.Please pass me another cup.This one_.A.is broken B.is breaking C.broke D.broken6.The boy_ is my friend.A.is named John B.name JohnC.named John D.are named John第29页/共32页7.The story books_ by
24、 the writer in the 1960s.A.are written B.were written C.are writing D.were writing8.The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.have written B.to be written C.being written D.written第30页/共32页9.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.boughtC.been bought D.buying10.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well _.A.to spend B.spentC.being spent D.spendingAnswers:1-5 DABCA 6-10 CBDBB第31页/共32页谢谢您的观看！第32页/共32页