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1、语态语态时态时态 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not)doing(not)being done(not)having done(not)having been done第1页/共26页二:V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语;定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式;V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。第2页/共26页V-ing 的用法：1.作主语 Swimming is good for health._(raise)your h
2、at to a a lady is good manners.对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。_(kill)by sharks in the sea is a common thing.RaisingBeing killed 第3页/共26页注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）（泛指玩火）To play with fire wil
3、l be dangerous.（指一具体动作）（指一具体动作）第4页/共26页 2.作表语 Teaching is learning.教学相长 My hobby is _(make)model planes.What worried the child most was _(not,allow)to visit his mother in the hospital.makingnot being allowed第5页/共26页 2).V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。To see is to b
4、elieve.=Seeing is believing.注意注意第6页/共26页 3).Its no use(good)doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语,只用V-ing,不用不定式。It is+adj.+(for sb)to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is a waste of time _(talk)to him.It is important for me _(learn)English.talking to learn 第7页/共26页 3.3.作宾
5、语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信。The bird escaped _ (catch).I feel like _(join)the army.He was afraid of _ (abandon)by us.being abandonedbeing caught joining 第8页/共26页注意：在 avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,m
6、iss,practise,risk,suggest,give up,put off,feel like,insist on,instead of,look forward to,object to,keep on等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。第9页/共26页避免错过少延期建议完成多联系喜欢想象禁不住承认否定与嫉妒逃避冒险莫原谅忍受保持不介意第10页/共26页注意在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Your car needs filling.你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光
7、顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。第11页/共26页在（在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：词作宾语，其后用动
8、词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.第12页/共26页1.Sorry,we dont allow _ in the lecture room.A.to smoke B.smoke C.smoking D.to smoking2.They dont permit _ noise her.A.to make B.make C.making D.made3.The sentence wants _ once more.A.to explain B.explaining C.being expl
9、ained D.to be explained it4.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch Exercises第13页/共26页 4.作定语作定语 The girl standing there is my sister.This is a piece of _(surprise)news.The problem_(discuss)now is very important.The farmers _(work)in the fields
10、 are tired.surprising being discussed working第14页/共26页5.作状语作状语 Hearing the good news,he jumped with joy.He sat at the table,_(read)China Daily._(ask)to answer the question,she couldnt refuse._(work)hard,you will succeed.readingWorkingBeing asked 第15页/共26页6.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语:I saw people coming and going
11、in the street.I heard her _(sing)a song in her room.Youll find the topic _ (discuss)everywhere now.being discussedsinging第16页/共26页7.-Ving 一般时一般时和和一般时的被动形式一般时的被动形式;1)He hurried home,looking behind from time to time.2)The building being repaired is our dormitory .第17页/共26页-Ving 的完成时和完成时的被动形式1)Having l
12、it a candle,she went out.2)Having been asked to stay,I couldnt leave.3)Having heard this,our teacher expressed her satisfaction.第18页/共26页第19页/共26页Practice1.-What made Bill so angry?-_.His girl friend promised to come at 8:30,but she hasnt come yet.A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting C.To be k
13、ept waiting D.Being kept waitedB第20页/共26页 2.The building _ in our school is for us teachers.Though theres noise most of the day,we still feel happy about it.A.built B.having been built C.to be built D.being builtD第21页/共26页 3.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.be
14、ing caught D.to catchC第22页/共26页 4.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded C第23页/共26页 5._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises.A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching B第24页/共26页 6._ the whole story,Jane decided not to see the film.A.Having been told B.Having told C.Been told D.Telling A第25页/共26页感谢您的观看。第26页/共26页