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1、语态语态时态时态 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done二二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。 V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中之前发生
2、，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。也常以一般式代替完成式。V-ing 的用法：的用法： 1.1.作主语作主语 Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is good manners . 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .RaisingBeing killed 2. 作表语作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长教学相长 My hobby is _ (make)
3、 model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .makingnot being allowed注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）（泛指玩火）To play with fire
4、 will be dangerous.（指一具体动作）（指一具体动作） 2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.注意注意 3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语作形式主语, 只用只用V-ing,不用不定式。不用不
5、定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。覆水难收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .talking to learn 1._ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the sam
6、e mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _
7、 without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understandExercises 3.3.作宾语作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾也可作介词的宾语。语。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信。我们会珍惜你的来信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army.
8、He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being abandonedbeing caught joining 注意：注意： 在在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后
9、只接等后只接V-ing形式作宾形式作宾语。语。Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the
10、 window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do注意注意在在want，need，require，deserve等动词
11、之后等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。这些树需要浇水了。在（在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is wort
12、h considering.The book is worth reading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking
13、 D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch Exercis
14、es5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home. A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving6. She _ the key. A. admitted takingB. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken7. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be
15、 invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited8. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. pollutingD. being polluted 4. 作定语作定语 The girl standing there is my sister .This is a piece of _ (surprise) news .The pro
16、blem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .surprising being discussed working5. 作状语作状语 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily ._ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse._ ( work ) hard , you will su
17、cceed .readingWorkingBeing asked 6. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now. being discussedsinging7.- Ving 一般时一般时和和一般时的被动形式一般时的被动形式;1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2)
18、 The building being repaired is our dormitory . - Ving 的的完成时完成时和和完成时的被动形式完成时的被动形式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction . 8. 在绝大数情况下，的逻辑主语是句子的主语，在绝大数情况下，的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示视神经逻辑但有时前可有
19、一个名词或代词表示视神经逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 9. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。示说话人的态度。 Generally sp
20、eaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 总的来说，这部小说并不感人。总的来说，这部小说并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你说的情况看，他应能成功。从你说的情况看，他应能成功。Practice1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting
21、C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB 2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD 3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught
22、 C. being caught D. to catchC 4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded C 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. t
23、aught D. Teaching B 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling AFill in the blanks :1._ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went
24、home .4. _ (learn) new words is useful.TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment .6. I apologize for _ (not, wait) for you .7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .being interrupted no
25、t having waited Not having received Having been given9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home .10. The house wants _ (clean).11. He came in without _ (ask).12. _ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown巩固练习：巩固练习： 1. I can hardly imagine Peter _
26、 across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailedC 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it offC 3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your
27、calling D. youre calling C 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC 5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know B 6. You were brave e
28、nough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneD 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledD8. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B.
29、 Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC 9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking inD 10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D.
30、flyingD 12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC 13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have toldB14. One learns a language by making m
31、istakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correctB 15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasureD巩固练习巩固练习: : 16. The secr
32、etary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingB 17. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music. A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doingC 18. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks
33、, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC 19. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary. A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having not learned D. Having never learnedB 20. It rained heavily, _ severe flooding in the country. A. causing B. to cau
34、se C. caused D. having caused 21. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished. A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not havingAD22. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A23. _ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked A