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1、MechanicaldiggingThistechnologytodetailcontentsuitableforindustrialandcivilbuildings,structuresoflargeFoundationpit(slots),trenchandthelargeareaofflatspaceandotherearthworks溪溪洛洛渡渡电电站站大大坝坝基基坑坑开开挖挖沟沟槽槽开开挖挖Major machineEarthmovingmachinery:Excavators,bulldozers,scrapers,dumptruck,etc挖掘机自动倾卸车推土机刮运机Major
2、 machineGeneraltools:Spade(pointedandflat),trolleys,smallwhitelinesor20#Wireand2mSlopeandfootsteeltape,andsoon.一般机具有：铁锹（尖、平头两种）、手推车、小白线或20号铅丝和钢卷尺以及坡度尺等Operationalconditions作业条件1.将施工区域内的地下、地上障碍物清除1.obstructionsintheconstructionareaofundergroundandtheground,clearedandprocessed2.建筑物或构筑物的位置或场地的定位控制线（桩）2
3、.Locationofabuildingorstructureorsitepositioningofthelineofcontrol(piles)graylinesizeofthelevelandslottedtogothroughinspection3.夜间施工时，应有足够的照明设施3.Constructionatnighttime,thereshouldbeadequatelightingfacilities4.在危险地段应设置明显标志IndangerouslocationsshouldbesetclearlymarkedOperationalconditions作业条件5.开挖有地下水位
4、的基坑槽、管沟时，应根据当地工程地质资料，采取措施降低地下水位5.WhenexcavationofFoundationpitandtrenchinthegroundwater,shouldbebasedonthelocalgeologicaldatainengineeringandtakemeasurestoreducethegroundwaterlevelProcessflow工艺流程Determineslopeexcavationsequenceandgrade确定开挖的顺序和坡度Theaveragedigundersubsectionandlayering分段分层平均下挖Cleaning
5、sideandbottom.修边和清底Thegradientdetermines坡度的确定Dense,mediumdensesandorgraveltypesoil(forsandfilling)-10m密实、中密的砂土和碎石类土（充填物为砂土）一1.0rn.Hardplastic,plasticlightloamandloam-125m硬塑、可塑的粘质粉土及粉质粘土一1.25mHardplastic,plasticclayandgraveltypesoil(fillingclay)-1.5m硬塑、可塑的粘土和碎石类土（充填物为粘性土）1.5m.Hardclay-20m坚硬性粘土一2.0m.当
6、挖土深度不超过这些数值规定时，可不放坡，不加支撑.开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，应合理确定开挖顺序、路线及开挖深度WhenexcavationofFoundationpit(slots)ortrenchshouldreasonablydeterminetherouteandexcavationdepthofexcavationsequence,andsegmentandheirarchicaldugundertheaverage.超过上述规定深度，在5m以内时，当土具有天然湿度、构造均匀、水文地质条件好，且无地下水，不加支撑的基坑（槽）和管沟，必须放坡。Overthisdepth,whenbetwe
7、en5m,whentheEarthhasanaturalhumidity,constructedevenly,goodhydro-geologicalcondition,withoutgroun.采用反铲、拉铲挖土机开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，其施工方法有两种Usedbackhoe,whenbackhoeexcavatorexcavationpit(slots)orchannel,therearetwomethodsofitsconstruction:Lateralexcavationmethod侧向挖土法Enddiglaw端头挖土法挖土机从基坑（槽）或管沟的端头以倒退行驶的方法进行开挖。自卸汽车
8、配置在挖土机的两侧装运土挖土机一面沿着基坑（槽）或管沟的一侧移动，自卸汽车在另一侧装运土Processflow工艺流程Determineslopeexcavationsequenceandgrade确定开挖的顺序和坡度Theaveragedigundersubsectionandlayering分段分层平均下挖Cleaningsideandbottom.修边和清底Earthworkexcavationshouldbelayeredsectionfromtoptobottominturn.Atanytimetofinishacertainslope,anddrain土方开挖宜从上到下分层分段依次
9、进行。随时作成一定坡势，以利泄水在开挖过程中，应随时检查槽壁和边坡的状态。深度大于1.5m时，根据土质变化情况，应做好基坑（槽）或管沟的支撑准备，以防坍陷Intheprocessofexcavation,shouldcheckthestatusofthetankwallandslopeatanytime.Whenthepitandtrenchdepthisgreaterthan1.5m,accordingtosoilconditions,shouldbereadyforthesupporttoavoidcollapseIncaseofEarth-movingmachineryconstruct
10、ioncannottake,shouldconformtothelaborreadyforminingandcartsshippedtoearth-movingmachinerydiggingtoplace,intimeforpoaching在机械施工挖不到的土方，应配合人工随时进行挖掘，并用手推车把土运到机械挖到的地方，以便及时用机械挖走Processflow工艺流程Determineslopeexcavationsequenceandgrade确定开挖的顺序和坡度Theaveragedigundersubsectionandlayering分段分层平均下挖Cleaningsideandbo
11、ttom.修边和清底Afterbottomrepairandcleanandconductthequalityinspectionandacceptance槽底修理铲平后，进行质量检查验收TheexcavationofFoundationpit(slot)ofearthworks,whenthereisaconditionstostackatthesite,mustbesufficientbackfillofgoodsoil;Excessearthworksshouldberemovedtoavoidsecondhandling.开挖基坑（槽）的土方，在场地有条件堆放时，一定留足回填需用的好土
12、；多余的土方，应一次运走，避免二次搬运Rain,winter雨、冬期施工Earthexcavationshouldnotbecarriedoutduringtherainyseason,orworksurfacesshouldnotbetoolarge,shouldbepiecemeal,case-by-phased.土方开挖一般不宜在雨季进行，否则工作面不宜过大，应逐段、逐片分期完成。Qualitystandards保证项目Columnbase,Foundation,Foundationtrench,trenchandplacethebaseclaysoilmustcomplywiththe
13、designrequirementsandprohibitdisturbance。柱基、基坑、基槽、管沟和场地的基土土质必须符合设计要求，并严禁扰动Finishedproductprotection成品保护Ontheregistrationstandardpile,theaxisapproach,astandardbenchmark,Dragondoor,dugearth-movingcollisionshallnot,norshallrestonDragondoor对定位标准桩、轴线引桩、标准水准点、龙门板等，挖运土时不得撞碰、也不得在龙门板上休息Qualityissuesshouldbepaidattention质量注意事项1.Overdigfoundation基底超挖2.Basalunprotected基底未保护3.Constructionsequenceunreasonable施工顺序不合理4.Sinkingofconstructionmachinery施工机械下沉5.Excavationsizeisnotenoughslopetoosteep开挖尺寸不足，边坡过陡谢谢欣赏