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1、概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He is late for class.What fun!He is not interested in classical music.2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）Dont be late！3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。第1页/共27页一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中虚拟条件虚拟条件从句从句(If)主主 句句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与过
2、去过去事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假设反的假设主语+did/were主语+should/would/could/might+do主语+had done主语+should/would/could/might+have done 主语+2.should do3.were to do主语+should/would/could/might+do第2页/共27页If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.1.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2.2.如果明天下雨，我会
3、待在家里。如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。3.3.如果你以前好好学习，如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。你会通过考试的。If I were you,I would accept his advice.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.第3页/共27页You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.drove;didnt getdrove;wouldnt getwere driving;wouldnt getA.had driven;wo
4、uldnt have got第4页/共27页_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 第5页/共27页注意：注意：1.错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you _(follow)my advice just now,you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before,you _(be)a college stu
5、dent now.had followedwould behad studiedwould be第6页/共27页If you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.talked;would not behad talked;would not bewould talk;would not beA.had talked;would not have been第7页/共27页If we had taken such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.is not po
6、llutedwould not be pollutedhad not been pollutedA.would not have been polluted第8页/共27页2.if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词not不能放在前面。1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then),I wouldnt have been very happy.2.If I were you,I would accept his advice.3.If it rained/should rai
7、n/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.4.If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/Were it to rain tomorrow,第9页/共27页3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现是出现ifif引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条引导的条件句，
8、而通过其它手段来代替条件句。件句。常用的有常用的有介词介词with，without，but for（倘没有，（倘没有，要不是）；要不是）；连词连词or，but；副词副词otherwise等。等。1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.第10页/共27页2.He telephoned to inform me of your birt
9、hday,or I would have known nothing about it.3.I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.4.What would you do with a million dollars?5.Without/But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help,第11页/共27页Without electricity,human being life _
10、quite different today.iswill bewould have beenA.would be第12页/共27页But for his help,I _.should not have succeededhave not succeededdid not succeedA.had not succeeded第13页/共27页He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.had scoredscoredwould scoreA.would have scored第14页/共27页
11、Why didnt you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A.would B.would have C.had had D.had bought第15页/共27页二、虚拟语气的其他用法1.as if/as though（好像）+从句与现在相反 did/were与过去相反 had done与将来相反 would/could/might+do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(区分even if/though)第16页/
12、共27页注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken第17页/共27页2.It is(high/about)time(that)sb did/sb should（不可省略）+do该是某人做某事的时候了。It is hig
13、h time that you got up/should get up.第18页/共27页Im getting tired;its time we _ home.A.go B.are going C.went D.should be going第19页/共27页3.wish/if only(要是就好了）+从句 与现在事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相反 had done（或用could have done）与将来事实相反 could/would/might+do I wish(that)he_(visit)us tomorrow.I wish(that)he_(visit)us tod
14、ay.I wish he_(visit)us yesterday.had visited us/could have visited us would/could/might visitvisitedIf only you _（listen)to our advice!If only I _(be)a bird!had listenedwere第20页/共27页would rather+宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反 did/were与过去事实相反 had done即：would rather sb did/had doneI would rather you _(come)here tomo
15、rrow.I would rather you _(not tell)me the truth.camehadnt told第21页/共27页建议（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）命令(order/command)要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持要求(insist)等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb（should）+do1.I suggested that he(should)go there at once.(宾语从句)2.My advice is that we(should)tell him the news.3.I
16、 made a suggestion that he-(同位语从句)4.It is suggested that he-(主语从句)5.My suggestion was that he-(表语从句)第22页/共27页区别：This is the suggestion that/which he made at the meeting.(定语从句)The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived.A.didnt touch B.touched C.be touched D.touch第23页/共27页注意：su
17、ggest:表明，暗示 陈述语气 建议 虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send)to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为 陈述语气 坚持主张，坚持要求 虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money and insisted that he _(set)free.was(should)be senthadnt stolen(should)be set第24页/共27页6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）It i
18、s necessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/a pity/a shame/no wonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desired 等that sb(should)+do It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.It is a pity that Lucy(should)be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气第25页/共27页It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A.has B.should C.would D.might 第26页/共27页感谢您的观看！第27页/共27页