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1、Subjunctive Mood !Subjunctive Mood !虚拟语气虚拟语气! !BY:Mr.Potato2018年10月16日概念：谓语概念：谓语v用用不同的形式不同的形式表示说话人的表示说话人的不同意图不同意图，这，这种种形式形式称为语气。语气分三种：称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He is late for class. What fun!He is not interested in classical music.2.祈使语气
2、祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）等（动词常用原形）Dont be late！3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。设、愿望、怀疑或推测。一、虚拟语气在一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中非真实条件句中虚拟条件虚拟条件从句从句(If)主主 句句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假设反的假设主语主语+did/were主语主语+should / would/could / migh
3、t + do主语主语+ had done主语主语+ should / would/ could / might + have done 主语主语+1.did2.should do3.were to do主语主语+should / would/could / might + doIf you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.1.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2.2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。3.3.如果你以前好好学习，如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的
4、。你会通过考试的。If I were you, I would accept his advice.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A.drove; didnt getB.drove; wouldnt getC.were driving; wouldnt getD.had driven; wouldnt have got_ it rain tomorrow, we would h
5、ave to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were B. Should C.Would D. Will 注意：注意：1.错综时间虚拟语气错综时间虚拟语气当当从句主句从句主句所表示的行为所发生的所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时间不一致时，时，动词的形式动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出要根据它所表示的时间作出相相应的调整。应的调整。If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before, you _(be)a college stu
6、dent now.had followedwould behad studiedwould beIf you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now.A.talked; would not beB.had talked; would not beC.would talk; would not beD.had talked; would not have beenIf we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now.A.is not poll
7、utedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been polluted2. if从句中，从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），（完成时态标志），should可可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词必须省略。否定词not不能不能放在放在前面。前面。1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then), I wouldnt have been very happy.2.If I were you, I would ac
8、cept his advice.3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.4.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不
9、总是出现是出现ifif引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。条件句。常用的有常用的有介词介词with，without，but for（倘没有，（倘没有，要不是）；要不是）；连词连词or，but；副词副词otherwise等。等。1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2.He teleph
10、oned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.3.I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.4.What would you do with a million dollars? 5.Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help, Without ele
11、ctricity, human being life _ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would beBut for his help, I _.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeededC.did not succeedD.had not succeededHe hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would sco
12、reD.would have scored Why didnt you buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought二、虚拟语气的其他用法二、虚拟语气的其他用法1.as if / as though（好像）（好像）+从句从句与现在相反与现在相反 did/were与过去相反与过去相反 had done与将来相反与将来相反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the
13、 accident as if he had seen it.(区分区分even if/though)注意：若表示的确有某种可能注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气）尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。也可不用虚拟语气。Eg. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2
14、.It is (high / about) time (that) sb did/ sb should（不可省略不可省略） + do该是某人做某事的时候了。该是某人做某事的时候了。It is high time that you got up/should get up.Im getting tired; its time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going3.3.wish/if onlywish/if only( (要是要是就好了）就好了）+ +从句从句 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相
15、反与过去事实相反 had done（或用（或用could have done） 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 could/would/might + do I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit) us yesterday. had visited us/ could have visited us would /could /might visitvisitedIf only you _ （listen)to our advice!If only I _ (be
16、)a bird!had listenedwere4.在在would rather+宾语从句中宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反与现在或将来事实相反 did/were与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 had done即：即：would rather sb did/ had doneI would rather you _(come) here tomorrow.I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth.camehadnt told5.用于表示用于表示建议建议（advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend）命令命令(order/ com
17、mand)要求要求(demand/require/ request/ desire)坚持要求坚持要求(insist) 等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb （should）+ do1.I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句宾语从句)2.My advice is that we (should) tell him the news.3.I made a suggestion that he-(同位语从句同位语从句)4.It is suggested that he-(主语从句主语从句)5.My sugg
18、estion was that he-(表语从句表语从句)区别：区别：This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.(定语从句定语从句)The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived. A. didnt touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch注意：注意：suggest:表明，暗示表明，暗示 陈述语气陈述语气 建议建议 虚拟语气虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _
19、（be)ill and that she _(send) to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为坚持说，坚持认为 陈述语气陈述语气 坚持主张，坚持要求坚持主张，坚持要求 虚拟语气虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insisted that he _(set) free.was(should) be senthadnt stolen(should) be set6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）作形式主语）It is necessary / imp
20、ortant / natural / strange / funny/ surprising/ a pity / a shame/ no wonder/ suggested / advised/recommended / desired 等等that sb (should) + do It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that.It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might