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1、Period 3DiscoveringusefulstructuresThePredicativeClauses表语从句表语从句Unit1ScienceandScientistsIn this class,you willidentifyandsummarizetheformofthepredicativeclause;gettoknowthemeaningofthepredicativeclause;usethepredicativeclausetotalkaboutscienceandscientists.WhatkindofpersonisJohnSnow?John Snow is sm
2、art.John Snow is determined.John Snow is committed.predicative(表语表语)Predicative is used _ the linking verb.behindS+V+Plinking verb系动词AsentencewhichisusedaspredicativeisPredicativeClause表表语语从句从句.lOnetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.lTheotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwate
3、r.lThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.lItseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouse.Para.2Para.2Para.4Para.3It look as ifIt turned out that状状态态类类：be动动词词,seem,appear,keep,remain,stay,lie,stand.感官类：感官类：look,smell,taste,sound,feel变变化
4、化类类：become,get,turn,grow,fall,come,go,run.(Mybloodrancold.)终终止止系系动动词词（主主语语已已终终止止动动作作）：prove,turnout被证明是被证明是(要要注注意意系系动动词词的的固固定定搭搭配配,常常见见的的有有cometrue,fallasleep,fellill,gobad,comeright,runwild,wearthin,turnnasty等等。)Linkingverbs系动词系动词Activity2:Answerthefollowingquestionsusingtheinformationfromthereadin
5、gpassageaswellasthepredicativeclauses.Example What was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was _.how cholera could be overcomehow 意思为意思为“如何如何”，在表语从句，在表语从句中充当状语中充当状语1.WhatwasSnowsdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon?SnowsdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondonw
6、as_ _thatthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.that 无意义，在表从中不充当成分无意义，在表从中不充当成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerainLondon?WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwas_whytheoutbreakofcholerahadcausedover500deathswithintendays.why意思为意思为“的
7、原因的原因”，在从句中充当状语，在从句中充当状语3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the map were _whereallthosewhodiedhadlived.where意思为意思为“的地点的地点”，在表从中充当状语，在表从中充当状语4.What was the finding that Snow announced?Snows finding was _ thatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.that 无意无意义义，在
8、表语从句中不充当成分，在表语从句中不充当成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略引导词在表语从引导词在表语从句句中充当的成分中充当的成分引导词引导词备注备注主语主语 who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 宾语宾语 whom,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever表语表语 whom,who,what,which定语定语 whose,what,which状语状语 when,where,why,how不充当不充当成分成分that,whether,as if,as though,because 连接代接代词
9、连接副接副词从属从属连词引导词Conjunction words根据根据从句从句是否是否缺成缺成分、分、句意句意来选来选择择WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcouldcholerabeovercome.WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercomeRule 1:表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用 陈述语序：主语+谓语。表语从句的语法规则The grammar rules Rule 2:表语从句的引导词没有if!The question is if it is worthwhile to d
10、o it.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthwhiletodoit.只用whether,不用if的情况Whether to doWhetheror not介词后的宾语从句从句：句首的主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句表语从句的语法规则The grammar rules Rule 3:表语从句的虚拟语气Myproposalisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Iproposethatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.Itisproposedthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.在表示“建议，劝
11、说，命令”的名词 idea,advice,suggestion,request,proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略表语从句的语法规则The grammar rules Rule 4:as if/as though 引导的表语从句的虚拟语气：若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）若跟过去事实不符：had done 若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形Thelittleboytalksasifhekneweverythingintheworld.Hefeltasifhehadmetthisyoungladyforal
12、ongsomewhere.表语从句的语法规则The grammar rules Rule 5:当从句描述原因时：主语为主语为reason时，引导词用时，引导词用thatIt,This,That开头做主语，引导词用开头做主语，引导词用becauseShewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecauseshemissedtheearlybus.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheearlybus.表语从句的语法规则The grammar rules Rule 6:引导词that,because,why的区别：描述描述原因原因用用that或
13、或because.描述描述结果结果用用whyThereasonwasthatyoudonttrusther.Hewassenttothehospital.Thatsbecausehewasill.Hewasill.Thatswhyhewassenttothehospital.表语从句的语法规则The grammar rules 1.Heiscarelessandirresponsible.Thatwas_hewasfired.2.Hewasfired.Thatwas_heiscarelessandirresponsible.3.Thereason_hewasfiredwas_hewascare
14、lessandirresponsible.whybecausewhythatasifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhether AAbsolutely.You may not believe it,but that was _happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.whatB Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact was _ w
15、e couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C Exactly.The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding_ theory to depend upon.as if thatwhetherwhich/what/whoseP5：3.CompleteDavidslines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox.D We realised that what we cared
16、 about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was _ we had to carry out the research in the first place.which/whathowwhyasifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhos
17、ewhichwhetherMaria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Maria This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing
18、some sold work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_思考：思考：1.对话语篇有哪些篇有哪些衔接手段？接手段？2.如何如何选择，才能使，才能使对话进行行下去？下去？衔接手段：接手段：logical connector逻辑纽带grammatical connector语法法lexical connector词汇Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_Maria:Wi
19、th your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Maria This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some sold work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_logical connector逻辑纽带逻辑纽带Maria:This mix of theory and data
20、is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Maria This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some sold work.David:_Maria:So what happened in
21、 the end?David:_lexical connector词汇纽带词汇纽带Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Maria This was when you should have calmed
22、 down and got down to doing some sold work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_grammatical connector语法纽带语法纽带Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is defi
23、nitely of critical importance.David:_Maria This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some sold work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_logical connector逻辑纽带逻辑纽带Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_Mari
24、a:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Maria This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some sold work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_grammatical connector：回答特殊疑问句：回答特殊疑问句Whatisthepassageabout?Activity4:Fillineachblankwithawordorexpressionthatintroducesapredicativeclause.(page10)Itisaboutscienceandscientist.whathowwhatwhathowwhybecausethat1.what2.that3.whoever4.why5.because6.as though,as though