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1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 173173(题后含答案及解析题后含答案及解析)题型有：5.READING COMPREHENSIONPART VREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by tenmultiple-choice questions.For each question,there are four suggested answersmarked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that you think i
2、s the best answer.(1)Considering that industry analysts claim that hospital price calculationsare arbitrary,we asked hospitals nationwide a simple question:How do you calculateyour sticker prices?Five declined tocomment or didnt provide an answer,leavingMurray Askinazi,senior vice-president and CFO
3、of Lawrence Hospital Center inBronxville,New York,to offer this explanation;For an outpatient MRI(磁共振成像),as an example,his hospital calculates its charge based on such factors as the cost ofbuying or leasing the machinery,the wear and tear on that machine,staff salaries,theclimate control and electr
4、ic bill,cleaning costs,local competitive pricing,and othercosts related to the hospitals overhead,like malpractice insurance.(2)Surprisingly,medical services can vary wildly from one hospital to the next.The median charge foracute appendicitis admissions at 289 medical centers and hospitals througho
5、utCalifornia,for example,ranged from$1,529 to almost$183,000,an Archives ofInternal Medicine study reported in April.Within San Francisco alone,the rangebetween the lowest and highest charge was nearly$172,000.(3)But hospitalsticker prices matter only to a limited extent because they typically get t
6、rumped(胜过)by a higher power;the amounts that insurance companies are willing to pay for thoseservices.The figures are determined by a negotiated contract that dictates the rate atwhich the companies will reimburse the hospital on the patient s behalf.In addition,the rates paid by Medicare and Medica
7、id,Askinazi adds,often fail to cover thehospitals cost of providing the service in the first place,which means some of thosecosts are often shifted to commercially insured patients.(4)Now,all those factorsaffect the math for one simple outpatient test.For an inpatient hospital stay,thosecomputations
8、 sprout into an intricate vine in which every service(from radiology topathology)generates its own charges.The hospital also has facility charges,coveringroom and board,certain room-use fees(such as the operating room),and nursingservices,all of which get consolidated into the bill sent to you and y
9、our insurancecompany.(5)As technology advances,those charges rise.Palmer had a client fromLouisville,Kentucky,who was astonished to receive a charge of$45,330 for aprostate surgery and an overnight stay(insurance would cover only$4,845).Thebilling department told Palmer that the steep price was not
10、only because it was arobotic procedure but also because patients who receive the high-tech surgery shortlyafter the hospital starts offering it are helping to recoup(偿还)the facilitysequipment costs.1 Which of the following can be inferred from Para.3?ASome of the hospital costs will be covered by co
11、mmercial insurancecompanies.BThe insurance companies are willing to pay for all the charges.CHospital sticker prices usually get trumped by a higher power from thehospital.DThe rate that insurance companies will pay is determined by themselves.正确答案：A解析：推断题。文章第三段最后部分提到，一部分医疗费用会转移到投保了商业保险的病人身上，A与文意表述一
12、致，故为正确答案。B含有绝对词 all，且所表述内容在文中并未提及，故排除；该段第一句提到了医院标价问题的影响有限，因为另一个更加强大的因素对病人的影响更大：保险公司愿意为医疗服务支付的数额，由此可知，该因素并不是来自医院，而是来自保险公司，故排除C；由该段第二句可知，保险公司赔偿比率由公司和患者协商决定，故排除D。知识模块：阅读2 The phrase“an intricate vine”in Para.4 refers to_.Athe difficulty for an inpatient hospital stayBthe huge amount of hospital charges
13、Cthe problem in calculating hospital chargesDthe complexity of hospital charges正确答案：D解析：语义题。原文第四段第二句中an intricate vine 的字面意思为“一棵错综复杂的葡萄藤”，结合接下来的内容“The hospital also has facility charges，covering room and board，certain roomuse fees”可知，医院账单很复杂，而不是账单价高，故D为正确答案，同时排除B。A和C在文中并未提及，故均排除。知识模块：阅读3 The example
14、 of Palmers client in the last paragraph indicates that_.Athe technology applied in medical services is quite advancedBthe client spent$45,330 on a prostate surgeryCthe improvement of technology may lead to the rise of hospital chargesDthe surgery was conducted by robots only正确答案：C解析：推断题。由原文最后一段第一句可
15、知，随着科技的进步，医院收费也随之上升，接下来所举的例子旨在论证这一主题，故C为正确答案。A属于断章取义，故排除；B的细节表述有误，45 330 美元的花费不仅包括手术费用，还包括住院费，故排除；D含有绝对词 only，与文意不符，故排除。知识模块：阅读(1)Conservationists on Tuesday appealed to countries to urgently addressnew threats to whales,dolphins and other cetaceans(鲸类动物)as climate changeopens up previously inaccess
16、ible areas of the Arctic and industries move into newareas.(2)As emotional arguments broke out in the annualInternational WhalingCommissions(IWC)conference between pro-and anti-whaling nations over the rightof small,aboriginal groups to hunt a few whales each year,WWF appealed tocountries to better
17、regulate fishing and stop the oil and gas industries devastatingpopulations.(3)“A few thousand whales are killed each year because of whalingbut 300,000 whales,dolphins and other cetaceans are killed just in fishing gear.Nowthe greater threat is from the oil and gas industries.Cetaceans have so far
18、been luckybecause the Arctic has been mostly inaccessible but as climate change develops newareas are opening up.These are some of the most important areas left for whales andcetaceans,”said Wendy Eliott,head of the WWF delegation to the meeting in Panama.(4)“It is essential these issues are address
19、ed by the IWC.But whaling governmentslike Norway,Iceland and Japan refuse to acknowledge the conservation committee ofthe IWC and do not participate.“(5)Shell plans to begin drilling operations in theBeaufort and Chukchi seas off Alaska as early as this month,and other oil companiesare planning new
20、off-shore drilling platforms in the Russian far east near the feedingarea of critically endangered western gray whales.There are only an estimated 26breeding females remaining and the oil-rich zone off Sakhalin Island is the only placewhere they can teach their calves to feed,said Elliott.“This coul
21、d mark the beginningof a massive oil exploration effort,”she said.(6)The IWC,which is regularly tornby disputes,grants five-year permits to communities with a strong tradition ofsubsistence whaling.This year,several Caribbean countries,including St.Vincent andthe Grenadines,as well as the USA,Russia
22、 and Denmark areasking approval fromthe commission for their annual quota of whales to be renewed.Most whalingopponents do not try to block small-scale aboriginal hunts as they do not threatenlarger whale populations.While governments argue that the use of whales anddolphins contribute to national f
23、ood security,cultural preservation and sustainablelivelihoods,some are seen by conservationists as ill-disguised commercial whaling.(7)On Monday,pro-whaling countries led by Japan shot down a Latin American-ledproposal to create a no-kill zone for whales in the southern Atlantic Ocean.Argentina,Braz
24、il,South Africa and Uruguay put forward a proposal to declare the southernAtlantic a no-kill zone for whales,a largely symbolic measure as whaling ended therelong ago.(8)Thirty-eight countries voted in favor of the measure and 21 votedagainst,with two abstentions.Under commission rules,proposals nee
25、d to enjoy a“consensus”of 75%support for approval.4 According to the passage,the heated disputes in the annual IWC conferencewere about_.Athe urgency of handling new threats to whalesBthe small native groups right of whale huntingCthe poor management of fishingDthe drilling of oil in the Arctic正确答案：
26、B解析：细节题。文章第二段第一句提到，在国际捕鲸委员会的年度大会上，支持与反对捕鲸的国家围绕原住民小团体每年少量捕鲸的权利展开了激烈的争论，所以选B。A“处理对鲸鱼新威胁的紧迫性”在第一段中有所提及，但这是环保人士于周二呼吁各国所做的事情，故排除；C“捕鱼业管理不善”和D“在北极勘探石油”在文中均有所提及，但这是世界自然基金会呼吁各国改进的地方，并非会议争论的问题，因此均排除。知识模块：阅读5 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the responsibilities of IWC?ATo regulate whale hunting.BTo
27、 make whales adapt to climate change.CTo grant whaling permits.DTo renew the annual quota of whales.正确答案：B解析：细节题。原文第三段中虽然提到气候变化，但指的是随着气候变化活跃起来，北极新开发的地区将逐渐开放，并未表明国际捕鲸委员会的责任是让鲸鱼适应天气的变化，所以B为正确答案。第二段第一句和第四段第一句都表明国际捕鲸委员会负责管理捕鲸，因此排除A；由第六段第一句可知，国际捕鲸委员会可以给予一些团体五年的捕鲸许可证，故排除C；第六段第二句提到一些国家请求委员会批准其年度捕鲸配额的延期，故排除
28、D。知识模块：阅读6 We can learn from the passage that the proposal about the no-kill zonewas_.AdeniedBacceptedCpostponedDup in the air正确答案：A解析：推断题。文章倒数第二段第一句表明，以日本为首的支持捕鲸的国家否决了在南大西洋设立禁猎区的提案，由此可知A为正确答案。如果不熟悉短语 shot down，也可以从文章最后一段做出推断，即根据委员会的规定，提案需有 75的成员国“一致”支持才能通过，而该段第一句表明，有38 个国家投票支持该提案，21 个国家反对，2 个国家弃权，由
29、此推知，该提案的支持率大约是62，低于 75，由此可知该提案“被否决了”。知识模块：阅读(1)Alzheimer s disease has no cure.There are,however,five drugs knownand approvedthat can slow down the development of its symptoms.The earliersuch drugs are administered,the better.Unfortunately,the disease is usually firstnoticed when people complain to
30、their doctors of memory problems.That is normallytoo late for the drugs to do much good.A simple and reliable test for Alzheimer s thatcan be administered to everybody over the age of about 65,before memory-loss setsin,would therefore be useful.(2)Theo Luider,of the Erasmus University MedicalCentre
31、in Rotterdam,and his colleagues think they have found onebut it works onlyin women.They made their discovery,just reported in the Journal of ProteomeResearch,by tapping into a long-term,continuing study that started in 1995 with1,077 non-demented and otherwise healthy people aged between 60 and 90.A
32、t thebeginning of the project,and subsequently during the periods 1997-1999 and2002-2004,participants were brought in for a battery of neurological(神经学的)andcognitive investigations,physical examinations,brain imaging and blood tests.(3)During the first ten years of the study,43 of the volunteers dev
33、eloped Alzheimersdisease.When Dr.Luider compared blood samples from these people with samplesfrom 43 of their fellow volunteers,matched for sex and age,who had remainedAlzheimers-free,he found something startling.Levels of a substance calledpregnancy zone protein had been unusually high,even before
34、their symptomsappeared,in some of those who went on to develop Alzheimers disease.(4)Those“some”,it turned out,were all women.On average,levels of pregnancy zone proteinin those women who went on to develop Alzheimers were almost 60%higher thanthose of women who did not.In men,levels of the protein
35、were the same for both.(5)The reason for this curious result seems to be that the brain plaques(斑块)associated with Alzheimers disease are themselves turning out pregnancy zoneprotein.Certainly,when Dr.Luider applied a chemical stain specific to that protein tothe plaques of dead Alzheimer s patients
36、 he found the protein present in them.(6)Confusingly,though,it was there in the plaques of both sexes.Presumably,femalecells(and therefore the plaques of female brains)make more of it than male cells do.But that remains to be proved.Whatever the reason,however,this result means thatwomen,at least,ma
37、y soon be able to tell whether and when they are at risk ofAlzheimersand thus do something about it before they start losing their minds.7 What can we learn from the first paragraph?ANo medication can slow down the development of Alzheimers symptoms.BPeople who always complain are most likely to hav
38、e Alzheimers disease.CDoctors had better tackle Alzheimers disease when people are 65 years old.DTo detect Alzheimers disease before memory loss is crucial.正确答案：D解析：细节题。原文第一段最后一句提到，如果有一种简单、可靠的方法能在患者记忆力开始衰退之前检测出该病，并且适用于任何 65 岁以上的人，这种方法会大有裨益，所以D“在患者记忆力衰退之前诊断出阿尔茨海默病是很重要的”陈述正确，为正确答案，同时可知C是对这句话字面意思的曲解，故排
39、除；根据本段第二句可知，有五种药物可以减缓阿尔茨海默病症状的恶化，故排除A；B是对本段第四句“不幸的是，这一疾病往往是在人们向医生抱怨记忆力出现问题时才开始被注意到”字面意思的曲解，故排除。知识模块：阅读8 What does Dr.Luiders study tell us about the pregnancy zone protein?AIt never increases before the appearance of Alzheimers symptoms.BLevels of it remain stable for mens lifetime.CWomen developing
40、 Alzheimers usually have lower levels of it.DThe brain plaques connected with Alzheimers produce it.正确答案：D解析：细节题。原文第五段第一句提到，出现这一惊人结果的原因似乎是与阿尔茨海默病有关联的脑部斑块自身会产生妊娠区带蛋白质，故 D“与阿尔茨海默病有关的大脑斑块产生妊娠区带蛋白质”为正确答案。根据第三段最后一句可知，在一些患者的阿尔茨海默病症状出现之前，妊娠区带蛋白质也异常高，故排除A；根据第四段可知，出现上述症状的多为女性，而男性则不同，他们患有阿尔茨海默病之前和之后，妊娠区带蛋白质的水
41、平都是一致的，C陈述错误，故排除；同时可知，B曲解了本句的意思，故排除。知识模块：阅读(1)It was not so long ago that parents drove a teenager to college campus,said a tearful goodbye and returned home to wait a week or so for a phone call fromthe dorm.Mom or Dad,inturn,might write letters yes,with pens.But going tocollege these days means ne
42、ver having to say goodbye,thanks to near-saturation ofcellphones,e-mails,instant messaging,texting,Facebook and Skype.Researchers arelooking at how new technology may be delaying the point at which college-boundstudents truly become independent from their parents,and how phenomena such asthe introdu
43、ction of unlimited calling plans have changed the nature of parent-childrelationships,and not always for the better.(2)Students walking from biologyclass to the gym can easily fill a few minutes with a call to Moms office to whine(抱怨)about a professors lecture.Dad can pass along family news via e-ma
44、il.Daily textmessaging is not uncommon.Some research suggests that todays young adults arecloser to their parents than their predecessors.Professors have figured out that somekids are e-mailing papers home for parents to edit.And Skype and Facebook might bemore than just chances to see a face that s
45、 missed at home;parents can peer into theirlittle darlings messy dorm room or his messy social life.(3)Experts said thechange dates to 9-11,which upped parents anxiety over being out of touch with theirchildren.And the rising cost of college can threaten parents willingness to letchildren make mista
46、kes as they learn how to be adults.Many of todays collegestudents have had so much of their schedule programmed,so they may not know whatto do with time and solitude,said Barbara Hofer,a Middlebury College psychologyprofessor.(4)Researchers are looking at these changing relationships,formed inthe la
47、st few years after parents got smartphones and Facebook accounts too andlearned how to use them.“Theres a tremendous diversity in how kids handle this.Some maintain old rules.But for many,many young people,they grow up essentiallywith the idea that they dont have to separate from their parents,”said
48、 Turklea,professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology whose specialty is technologyand relationship.“Its about having an adolescence that doesnt include the kind ofseparation that we used to consider part of adolescence,”she added.(5)Hofer andcolleagues surveyed students at Middlebury in V
49、ermont and at the University ofMichigan,two schools different in many ways.But at both,parents and students werein contact frequently,an average of more than 13 times a week.The parents of todayscollege students were advised to get involved in the children s lives to communicate,communicate,and comm
50、unicate.All that talk can signal a close,useful relationship,but it also can leave kids lacking what they need to fend for themselves.9 It can be inferred from the passage that_.Aparents feel greatly relieved after sending their children to collegeBparents today have quick access to their childrens