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1、初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练(初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练(1 1)一般现在时一般现在时 现在进行时现在进行时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时 过过去进行时去进行时一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是初中英语语法重点。它表示 1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days i
2、n a week. The moon moves round the earth.其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词 dont;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They dont have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesnt;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 does。E.g. Jenn
3、y speaks English very well.Jenny doesnt speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well?含有 be 动词的要在 be 上做变化.E.g. Danny is a good student.Danny isnt a good student.Is Danny a good student?其时间状语为 often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every d
4、ay 等。学生常见错误如下:学生常见错误如下:一、一、be 动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.答案:plant解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be 是表状态,do 是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do 不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”自我检测:自我检测:(一)、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parent
5、s _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rise
6、s; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B(二)、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _yo
7、ur sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look
8、二、单三人称形式易出错二、单三人称形式易出错例:1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案:1 plays 2 goes解析:1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把 y 换成 i 再加 es;2 与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以 o 结尾的词要加 es.三、在句式变换时易出错三、在句式变换时易出错例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案:1 Does
9、 have 2 doesnt live解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、对四、对 do 的理解易出错的理解易出错例:We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案:dont do解析:do 是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的 do 指“做,干”,not 指把此句变为否定句,故须在 do 前加助动词 dont。五、对主语的数判断有误五、对主语的数判断有误例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.答案: is解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但 with 在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用 is.另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。