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1、初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练 （3 3）一般现在时一般现在时 现在进行时现在进行时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always wa
2、lked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?其结构是“主语+动词的过去式“。be 动词的过去式为 was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以 e
3、 结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以“辅音字母+y“结尾的动词,先把 y 变成 i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.其句式变化分为两种情况 1)含有 be 动词的依然在 be 上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I
4、was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词 didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词 did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?其时间状语为 yesterday 或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由“last
5、+时间“构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由“时间段+ago“构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有 on the morning of Monday, just now 等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.自主检测自主检测:（一 ）选择1 She lived there before he_to China.A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing.A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heardC . h
6、ave listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?- _.A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didnt C
7、. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper.- When _you_it?A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C（二） 填空1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five min
8、utes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.8 When _you_(write)this book?I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat) the bread, I m full now.答案:1 were 2 was 3 didnt go 4 r
9、ead 5 saw go6 does ; didnt do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten 常见错误如下常见错误如下:一、把动词变成过去式易出错一、把动词变成过去式易出错例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.答案: 1 stopped 2 played解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:“动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y 前若是辅音字,y 变 i 加-ed;y 前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed.“二、忘记把动词
10、变成过去式二、忘记把动词变成过去式例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.答案: flew解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:“一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记“.三、在句式变换时易出错三、在句式变换时易出错例: 1 We didnt went (not go) out last Friday.2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday?答案: 1 didnt go 2 Did have解析:请记住口诀“见助动, 用原形.“四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混例: He taughts (teach) me English last year.答案: taught解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.五、易与现在完成时弄混五、易与现在完成时弄混例: 我看过这部电影I saw(see) the film.答案: I have seen (see) the film.解析:“我看过这部电影“说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关.六、易与过去进行时弄混六、易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。这里不在重复。