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1、英语句子概论 基本成分基本成分 附属成分附属成分 独立成分独立成分 省略成分省略成分 连接成分连接成分 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句第1页/共39页第2页/共39页 句句子子结结构构分分类类 简单句简单句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主语（或并含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子并列谓语）的句子 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences 包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词间有并列连词and/but等或等或用分号连接用分号连接 复合句复合句 Complex Se
2、ntences 包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导连词引导第3页/共39页1.He learns German.2.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3.We sang and danced yesterday evening.4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon.（一个主语和
3、并列谓语一个主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和并列谓语并列主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和一个谓语并列主语和一个谓语）（一个主语和一个谓语一个主语和一个谓语）第4页/共39页第5页/共39页基本句型 典型例句：主谓 I study very hard.主谓宾I enjoy sports.主谓双宾 Sports bring me happiness.主谓宾宾补 Sports make me healthy.主系表 Sports are very beneficial.There be句型There are three reasons why I like it.第6页/共39页附属成分附属成分基本成分的修
4、饰语。可以是：基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。短语或从句。定定语She likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People ther
5、e like sports.第7页/共39页John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years
6、 ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语第8页/共39页根据历年高考阅卷的情况,考生写句子最易犯的错是：不用be时却用了,或者该用be时却没用。因此,我们须注意：(1)英语句子通常要有谓语动词,否则就不完整。如表达“他很累”,不能说He very tired.而要说He is very tired.因为tired是形容词,句中无动词。切记：当句子意思完整,但句中没有动词时,一定要加上be。(2)当句中已有谓语动词时,若不是进行时态或被动语态,一定不要再用be。如表达“他昨天来过这里”,不能说He was came here yesterday.而要说He came he
7、re yesterday.特别提醒：特别提醒：第9页/共39页1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（S+Link.V+P），说），说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。You are students.We are in the classroom.The flower looks very beautiful.第10页/共39页其其 它它系动词系动词状态：状态：be,seem,appear,prove 感官：感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look 变化：变化：become,turn,grow,get,come,go fall asleep
8、/silent持续：持续：remain,stay,keep,continue*stand/lie/sit still第11页/共39页beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1.Her voice sounds beautifully.2.All the people were surprising at the news.3.To see is believe.4.It seem like a good idea.5.The lights still on.6.All the potatoes changed bad.7.Jim w
9、as remained a worker.第12页/共39页巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。5这个报告听起来很有意思In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.The report so
10、unds interesting.第13页/共39页2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.)Our school lies in the center of Jinshi.注：注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。The car accident was happened yesterday.You will graduate from it next year.第14页/共39页巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2会会议将持将持续两个小两个小时。3在在过去的十年里，我的家去的十年里，我的家乡已已经发生了巨大生了巨大变化化41919年，在北京爆年，在北京爆发了了“五五
11、.四四”运运动。5每天八每天八时开始上开始上课。第15页/共39页2.The meeting will last two hours.3.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.4.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.1.She went home very late yesterday evening.5.Classes begin at eight every day.第16页/共39页3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（宾
12、语（S+Vt+O）I like my job very much.What do you want to be in the future?Each of you has a dream.注：及物动词可用于被动语态注：及物动词可用于被动语态A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态主动语态）（被动语态被动语态）第17页/共39页巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5那
13、位先生能流利地说三种语言。第18页/共39页1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.第19页/共39页4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+Oi+Od)Who can find the er
14、aser for me?Pass the eraser to me.bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,sing,save等。等。常跟双宾语的动词：常跟双宾语的动词：Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser.第20页/共39页巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
15、6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件上衣。第21页/共39页1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told us an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7.He bo
16、ught a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.第22页/共39页 We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C)注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。第23页/共39页巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要
17、你把真相告诉我。5.门卫命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut once a month.We wont l
18、et her go out at night.第24页/共39页简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾宾 语补足语语补足语Summary第25页/共39页n./adj./adv./to do/V-ing /V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间间)宾语宾语(直直)VtV-lVin./pron./The+adj/V-ing/clause/to
19、 don./pron./The+adjV-ing/clause/to donounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-ed/clauseetc.第26页/共39页Translate the following sentences into English:1.她的话听起来很有道理。（sound)2.他昨晚回来得太晚，我就没等他.(return,wait)3.她英语说得非常流利。（speak)4.她给了我她的电话号码。（give）5.我听到有人在喊我的名字。（call)6.我听到有人喊我的名字了。（call)7.我听到有人喊我的名字。（call)课堂检测2第27页
20、/共39页The keys to the exercises:1.What she said sounded reasonable.2.He returned too late last night.I didnt wait(for him).3.She speaks English very fluently.4.She gave me her telephone number.5.I heard someone calling my name.6.I heard someone call my name.7.I heard my name called.第28页/共39页 Consolid
21、ation:Choose a topic and write a short passage:1.My Hometown 2.My Family 3.My School Life第29页/共39页第30页/共39页用基本句型翻译下列各组句子,然后合并成一篇通顺自然的5句话的短文。心中有梦单句翻译1.David 7岁了。(主系表)David was seven years old.课堂练习课堂练习第31页/共39页2.他有一个梦想。(主谓宾)He had a dream.3.他想在天上飞。(主谓宾）He wanted to fly in the sky.4.他做了一架纸飞机。(主谓双宾)He m
22、ade himself a paper plane.5.他完成了作业。(主谓宾)He finished his homework.6.他玩纸飞机。(主谓）He always played with the paper plane.7.天上有一架飞机在飞。(there be句型)There was a plane flying in the sky.第32页/共39页8.他的父亲鼓励他努力学习成为飞行员。(主谓宾宾补)His father encouraged him to study hard and become a pilot.9.他非常努力地学习。(主谓)He worked very h
23、ard at his lessons.10.十八年后他实现了他的梦想。(主谓宾)He made his dream come true 18 years later.第33页/共39页合并成文：When David was seven years old,he dreamed of flying in the sky.Having finished his homework,he made himself a paper plane to play with.On his way to school,there was a plane flying in the sky.So his fath
24、er encouraged him to be a pilot in the future.It was by working hard that he made his dream come true eighteen years later.第34页/共39页爬山日记单句翻译1.爬山是一种很好的运动。(主系表)Climbing is a good sport.2.爬山有益于健康(主系表)Climbing is beneficial to our health.3.今天我和同学去爬西山。(主谓)Some classmates and I went to climb the West Hill
25、 today.课堂作业课堂作业第35页/共39页4.我们是乘出租去的。(主谓)We went there by taxi.5.我们大约在早上八点到达那里。(主谓）We got there at about 8 oclock in the morning.6.有许多游客在爬山。(There be)There were lots of tourists climbing.7.我们很兴奋。(主系表)We were excited.8.我们一刻没耽搁就开始爬山。(主谓宾)We began to climb without any delay.9.班长小明帮了我很大忙。(主谓宾宾)Our monitor
26、,Xiao Ming,offered me lots of help.第36页/共39页10.我是唯一的女孩。(主系表)I was the only girl.11.我们中午到达山顶。(主谓宾)We got to the top of the mountain at noon.12.我们很累但很高兴。(主系表)We felt tired but happy.13.男孩子们让我跳舞。(主谓宾宾补)The boys asked me to dance to music.14.我的表演让他们忘记了疲劳。(主谓宾宾补)My performance made them forget their tire
27、dness.第37页/共39页合并成文：Climbing is a good sport,which is beneficial to our health.Today some classmates and I went to climb the West Hill.When we got there by taxi at about 8 oclock in the morning,there had been many tourists climbing.We were so excited that we began our climb without any delay,during which our monitor,Xiao Ming,offered me,the only girl,lots of help.After we got to the top at noon,tired but happy,the boys asked me to dance to music and my performance made them forget their tiredness.第38页/共39页感谢您的观看。第39页/共39页