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1、1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语第1页/共33页主语Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.第2页/共33页谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helooked aftertwoorph
2、ans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.第3页/共33页表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态.Theappletastessweet.第4页/共33页1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.Imnotquitemyselftoday.5.Who
3、wasthefirst?6.Heisoutofcondition.7.ThebookiswhatIneed.第5页/共33页宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesome books.间接宾语直接宾语第6页/共33页.pleasepassmethe book.Heboughtmesome flowers.Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.Hewantedtoleavehere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.第7页/共33页宾语补足语Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethin
4、gburning?Hemadehimselfknown to them.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.Pleasemakeyourselfat home.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepita secret.第8页/共33页主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.Hewaslastseenplaying near the river.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam Thestudentwascaughtcheating
5、 in the examWemadehimmonitor.Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.Thedoorwaspushedopen.第9页/共33页定语Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)
6、(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)第10页/共33页Thegirlin redishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.第11页/共33页状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackin a while.Theya
7、replayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.第12页/共33页Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolin spite of his illness.Healwayscomeslateto
8、school.第13页/共33页1.They work hard.主+谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主+谓第14页/共33页英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:+(主谓)基本句型二:+(主系表)基本句型三:+(主谓宾)基本句型四:+IO+(主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五:+(主谓宾宾补)第15页/共33页
9、翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.第16页/共33页一、主谓结构(S十Vi)本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如:Thesunrises.主语可有修饰语-定语,如,Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语-状语,如,Theredsunrisesin the east 这类句型中,
10、谓语动词后可以不带任成分,但在大多数情况下,跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如:Heworkedhard/inafactory/tosupporthisfamily.第17页/共33页1.昨晚我写了一封信。Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.这本书他读过多次了。Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carryout)Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finishdoing)Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.第18页/共33
11、页二、主谓宾结构(S十V+O)在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt),只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语,因此后有宾语;宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。例如:eg:Isawafilm.译:我看了一部电影。eg:Theytookgoodcareofthechildren译:他们把这些孩子照看得很好。第19页/共33页1、这台机器出了毛病。2、天气变得相当暖和。3、这些玫瑰闻起来很香。4、他的脸红了。The motor is out of order/goes wrong.The weather is getting quite warm.The roses smell sweet
12、.His face turned red.第20页/共33页三、S十V十P主系表结构说明:本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语,V是系动词,常见的系动词有:(1)表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,taste,sound.(2)表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue.(3)表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow.第21页/共33页四、S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此结构由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。
13、及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,还需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。可以用做宾补的有,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词。如:1.Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.Iheardhimsinging.3.Youmustgetyourhaircut.第22页/共33页特别提醒:A.现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Ioftenhearthissongsunginthestreet.第23页/共33页B.在let(让),m
14、ake(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listento(倾听),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.e.g:1.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.2.Wehearhersingnextdoor.3.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.第24页/共33页五、S十V十Oi十Od主谓双宾说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如:Hebringsmecookiesev
15、eryday.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作对谁而做,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作为谁而做,表示为了某人,替某人。第25页/共33页双宾语只能跟在某些动词后面,主要有三类动词:(一)give,tell,teach,bring,lend,show,hand,offer,pay等。Examples:1.Please hand him a book.2.Please hand a book to him.第
16、26页/共33页1.1.她给了我一些漂亮的照片。她给了我一些漂亮的照片。2.2.布莱克先生教我英语。布莱克先生教我英语。3.3.我付给了修理工我付给了修理工5050元。元。She gave me some beautiful pictures.Mr.Black teaches us English.I paid the repairman fifty yuan.第27页/共33页(二)buy,get,fetch,save,make,sing,choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词for引导的短语来表示。1.你给孩子们取点水来好吗?你给孩子们取点水来好吗?2.你愿意帮我一下忙吗?你
17、愿意帮我一下忙吗?3.请给我们唱首歌好吗?请给我们唱首歌好吗?Wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren?Wouldyoudomeafavour(doafavorforme)?Willyousingusasong?第28页/共33页(三)ask,answer,take,cost等,这一类词后的两个宾语都是直接宾语,无法改变其结构形式。1.我可以问你一个问题吗?我可以问你一个问题吗?2.请先回答我一个问题。请先回答我一个问题。3.买这辆新自行车花了他买这辆新自行车花了他300元。元。MayIaskyouaquestion?Pleaseanswermeaquestio
18、n.Thenewbikecosthim300yuan.第29页/共33页六、There+be+主语(存在句型)Questions:1.be的单复数由什么决定?2.除了be之外还能用哪些动词?live,stand,lie,come,go,remain,exist,arrive.第30页/共33页3.Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe;thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有therehas/havebeen可能有theremightbe.肯定有theremustbe/theremusthavebeen.过去曾经有thereusedtobe似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe第31页/共33页1.Therestandsatalltreeontopofthehill.2.Therewillbeaneveningpartyon15ththismonth.3.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithhim.4.Look!Thereliesaletterontheground.第32页/共33页谢谢您的观看!第33页/共33页