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1、.精品文本小学英语语法汇总（蓝本）可数名词与不可数名词“分家”一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别可数名词 是可以按个数来计算的普通名词，分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如 worker,farmer,desk,factory 等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。不可数名词 是不能按个数来计算的普通名词，分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如 meat,rice,water,milk,orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,homework,time,health,friendship 等)。强
2、调：不可数名词默认为单数，用is 或者 was；不要根据some、any、a lot of 等词去作判断。二、可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：book books house houses day days 读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。2.以 s,ss,ch,sh,x 结尾的在词尾加-es。如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxe s 读音：iz3.以
3、辅音字母+y 结尾的，将y 改为 i 再加-es。如city cities factory factories 读音：z4.以 f 或 fe 结尾的，将f 或 fe 改为 v 再加-es。如：half halvesleaf leaves knife knives wife wives thief-thieves 读音：z5.特例（常考）child children mousemice man men womanwomen policeman policemen(规律：man men)tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 注：黑人英雄土豆西红柿加es其余加-s,如：ph
4、oto photos hero heroesnegronegroes 读音：z foot feettooth teeth oo 变 ee sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish 单、复数同形 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people 的复数形式peoples通常指 多个民族。三、不可数名词的家务事1.不可数名词没有复数，作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但意义发生变化。如：water(水)waters(水域)orange(橘汁)oranges(橘子)3.很
5、多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表种类时就可数，意义不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs 4.计算不可数名词的数量，要在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”如：a glass of watera piece of papera bottle of juice 5.判断步骤：如是 am、is 或 was原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be动词如是 are或 were加 s 或 es.精品文本A.用所给名词的适当形式填空1.How many_(sheep)are there on the hill?2.There i
6、s some_(food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two_(tooth)now.4.There is a lot of_(water)in the bottle.5.There are five_(people)in his family.6.Lets take_(photo),OK?7.I have lots of_(tomato)here.8.The_(leaf)on the tree turn-yellow.9.The_(child)are playing games on the playground now.10.Their_(dictio
7、nary)look new.11.I see you have a few white_(hair).12.They are_(woman)doctors.13.Can you give me some bottles of _(orange),please?14.There are many_(fox)in the picture.15.I would like some apple_(juice).I am very thirsty.16.Are there two (box)on the table?17.I can see some (people)in the cinema.18.H
8、ow many (day)are there in a week?19.Here re five(bottle)of (juice)for you.20.This (violin)is hers.Those (grape)are over there.参考答案：1.sheep 2.food 3.teeth 4.water 5.people 6.photos 7.tomatoes 8.leaves 9.children 10.dictionaries 11.hair,hairs 12.women 13.orange 14.foxes 15.juice B.写出下列各词的复数I _ him _ t
9、his _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _thief_engineer_peach_ sandwich_ woman_ leaf_ people_冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an用在单数名词前，表“一个，一件”。an 用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如：an e-mail,an orange,an old man,an English watch,an hour 2、定冠
10、词：the 用在单数或者复数名词前，没有具体意思，翻译为这、那。基本用法：（1）表特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp.The stamp is beautiful.精品文本（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun 太阳the moon 月亮the earth地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall 长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专
11、有名词前。如：the ChangJiang River长江（7）序数词、形容词最高级、乐器等词前和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day,the best boy,play the piano,in the same class练一练：1、用 a 或 an 填空。_“U”_ ice-cream _ goalkeeper _ teapot _ apple _ office _ English book _ umbrella _ unit _ hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或 the。（1）Who is _girl behind _tree?（2）_old m
12、an has two children,_ son and _daughter.（3）This is _ orange._ orange is Lucy s.（4）He likes playing _guitar.We have _same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor.数 词分为基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前没有“the”；序数词前要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-o
13、ne 2、三位数以上的需在百位数后再加上and。如：101 one hundred and one 3、基数词修饰可数名词时，别忘了其复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys 4、基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变其量词为复数。如：两碗米饭two bowls of rice 5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth“第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词：88 eighty-eighth 练一练：1、请翻译下列短
14、语。（1）60 名学生（2）15 本英语书（3）九杯凉水（4）4个孩子.精品文本（5）12 月 31 （6）6 月 2 日（7）第九周（8）40 年前（9）11+7 （10）上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one-two-three-nine-fourteen-twenty-thirty-five-eighty-one代词代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格做主语，用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格做宾语，用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容
15、词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag.=This is mine.That is her ruler.=That is hers.看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。牢记：单数复数人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练：1.把表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meusour
16、第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirher.精品文本itits2.用所给词的适当形式填空。1）That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2）The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3）Is this _ watch?(you)No,it s not _.(I)4）_ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)5）_ dresses are red.(we)What color are _?(y
17、ou)6）Show _ your kite,OK?(they)7）I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it)8）Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.(they)9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.(we)10）_ is my aunt.Do you know _ job?_is a nurse.(she)11）Where are _?I can t find _.Let s c
18、all _ parents.(they)12）Dont touch _._is not a cat,_ is a tiger!(it)13）_ sister is ill.Please go and see _.(she)14）The girl behind _ is our friend.(she)形容词、副词1、形容词表某一事或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er 最高级：the +est两个重要特征：as as中间一定用原形，than 的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化：（1）直接+er。如：tall-talle
19、r,fast-faster 单音节词如果以-e 结尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词，变y 为 i，再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more 构成。如：beautiful-more beautiful,careful-more careful,quietly-more quietly,interesting-more interesting.精品文本（5）不规则变化，须
20、逐一记忆。如：good/well better,bad/ill worse,many/much more,far farther/further,old older/elder 练一练：A.写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow B.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1)I can swim as _(fast)as the fish,I think.2)Look!His hands are _ (big
21、)than mine.3)I think you do these things_(well)than your classmates.4)Whose bag is _(heavy),yours or mine?5)Does Jim run as _（slow)as David?Yes,but Mike runs_(slow)than them.6)You have seven books,but I have _(many)than you.I ha ve ten.7)I jump _(far)than some of the boys in my class.8)Im very_(thin
22、),but shes _(thin)than me.9)It gets _and_(warm)when spring comes here.介词1、一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分，只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,in front of,out of,from to,at the back of2、表时间的有：at,on,in（1）at 表“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或在固定词组中：at 9:30 a.m.,at night,at the we
23、ekend（2）on 表示“在某日或某日的时间段”：on Friday,on the first of October,on Monday morning（3）in 表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”：in the afternoon,in September,in summer,in 2005.精品文本3、in 还有其他的固搭：in blue，in English，take part in 练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1)Whats this _(at,on,in)English?2)Christmas is _(at,on,in)the 25th of December.3)T
24、he man_(with,on,in)black is Su Hais father.4)He doesnt do well _(at,on,in)PE.5)Look at those birds _(on,in)the tree.6)We are going to meet _(at,on,in)the bus stop _(at,on,in)half past ten.7)Is there a cat _(under,behind,in)the door?8)Helens writing paper is _(in,in front of)her computer.9)We live _(
25、at,on,in)a new house now.10)Does it often rain _(at,on,in)spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词。1)Jim is good in English and Maths.2)The films were in the ground just now.3)They are talking to their plans.4)How many students have their birthdays on May?5)Womens Day is at the third of March.6)I can jog to s
26、chool on the morning.7)Did you water trees at the farm?8)Can you come and help me on my English?9)I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10)What did you do on the Spring Festival?动词动词包括be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词的区分方法：先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和该词相连，如说得通，是名词；说不通再用“很”判断，把“很”和该词相连，说得通就是形容词；
27、都说不通即动词。1、be 动词（am,is,are,was,were）1）amwas,is was,are-were 口诀：我用am,你用 are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2）肯定和否定句I am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the dining room.My hair is(not)long.3）一般疑问句Am I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you aren t.精品文本Are they American?Yes,they are.No,they aren t.Is the cat
28、fat?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.4）be 动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not=aren t，is not=isnt 练一练：1、用 be 动词的适当形式填空。1）I _ a boy._ you a boy?2）The girl_ Jacks sister.3）The dog _ tall and fat.4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5）_ your brother in the classroom?6）How _ your father?7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.8）Wh
29、ose dress _ this?9）Whose socks _ they?10）Who _ I?11）The jeans _ on the desk.12）Here _ a scarf for you.13）Here _ some sweaters for you.14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang.15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling.16）The two cups of milk _ for me.17）Some tea _ in the glass.18）Gao shans shirt _ over there.1
30、9）My sisters name _Nancy.20）_ David and Helen from England?21）There _ a girl in the room.22）There _ some apples on the tree.23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle?24）There _ some bread on the plate.25）You,he and I _ from China.26）There _ a boy,two girls,three men and ten women in the park.2、助动词（do
31、,does,did）do,does用于一般现在时，其过去式did 用于一般过去时。通常用在疑问句和否定句中。否定形式：do not=don t,does not=doesnt,did not=didn t。注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词 do,does,did后面一定要用动词原形。1)_you like this magazine?2)The girl_like bread for breakfast.3)-What _ she _ at the weekends?-She usually plays games with her friends.
32、4)-Wha_ you do last Sunday?-I wrote to my friend.5)-Did you see a Beijing opera?-No,I _.6)He _not visit a farm last National Day holiday.精品文本7)They_ not like playing volleyball.8)_Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday?-Yes,he .9)_Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10)-How
33、many kites _we have?-We have ten.3、情态动词情态动词很特殊，平时不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must 注：情态动词后动词用原形。（不受任何条件影响）否定形式：can not=cant,must not=mustn t,注：may not和 shall not（无缩写形式）练一练：选择填空。()1)The sign on the wall means you _stay away from the building.A.must
34、 B.cant C.shouldnt()2)How many books _ you see on the desk?A.may B.can C.should()3)It means you _ make noise in the library.A.should B.shouldnt C.can()4)_you like a glass of milk?-Yes,please.A.May B.Could C.Would()5)_you see the sign over there?-Sorry,I can t.A.Can B.Cant C.Should()6)_ we go to the
35、park by bus?A.May B.Must C.Shall4、行为动词即平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live 等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接加“s”：play plays,visit visits,speak speaks；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”：catch catches,watch watches；C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”：carry carries,study
36、 studies。（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A、一般直接加“ing”：go going,look looking；B、以不发音的“e”结尾，去“e”加“ing”：take taking,make making,have having；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”：put putting,stop stopping,run running,get getting,swim swimming,.精品文本sit sitting,begin beginning,jog jogging,forget forgetting。（3）过去式构成规则：
37、A、一般直接加“ed”：plant planted,pick picked；B、以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“ed”：like liked,hope hoped,taste tasted；C、“辅音字母+y”结尾，变“y”为“i”再加“ed”：try tried,carry carried,study studied；D、有些动词双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”：stop stopped；E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的：是-am(be)-was-being；是-are(be)-were-being；是-be-was,were-being；成为-become-became-becoming；
38、开始-begin-began-beginning；弯曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing；买-buy-bought-buying；能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching；选择-choose-chose-choosing；来-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do,does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found
39、-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；有-have,has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-
40、lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might-；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见-meet-met-meeting；必须-must-must-；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should-；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-sle
41、pt-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；度过-spend-spent-spending。练一练：1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _go _stay _make _look _have _ pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _.精品文本study _brush _do _teach_take_ see_ 2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put _give _fly _get _dance _sit_ run _ plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _ write _have _smok
42、e _think_want_tell_ 3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink _play _go_ make _does _dance _worry _ask _taste _ eat _draw _put _throw _kick _pass _do_ 4、用动词的适当形式填空。（1）I _to school from Monday to Friday.Lily often _to school with me.Yesterday _ we_ to school together.We like _to school very much.(go)
43、（2）They usually _lunch at home.But last week,they _lunch at school.(have)（3）That_my book.It _new.But now it _not here.It _there a moment ago.(be)（4）Lucy likes _very much.She often _at our school festival.Last term,she _a lot of songs in the school hall.She _beautifully.(sing)（5）What _ he usually _on
44、 Sunday?He usually _his homework.Look!He _his homework now._he _his homework last Sunday?Yes,he_.(do)（6）Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival?Yes,they do.Did you _moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival?Yes,I did.I _a lot of delicious moon cakes.(eat)there/here be 结构there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什
45、么事或人”，包括 there is、there are、there was、there were。here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。与 have、has、had的区别：（1）There be 句型：在某地有某物（或人），表 存在的有；have、has、had：某人 拥有 某物，表 所属的有。.精品文本（2）there be 句型，主语是单数，be 动词用 is；主语是复数，be 动词用 are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定“就近原则”。（3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not,一般疑问句把be 动词
46、调到句首。（4）some和 any在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。（5）and 和 or 在 there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。（6）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What s+介词短语？（9）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have 等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1)There _ four
47、 seasons in a year.2)There _not any trees two years ago.3)-_there a post office near your school?-Yes,there _.4)-How many stops _there?-There_only one.5)There _not any stamps on the envelope.6)_ there any birds in the tree?7)There_ a shopping centre near our school last year.But now there_ no one.8)
48、There _only three of us:my dad,my mum and me.9)Here _some bread for you.10)In New York,there _ a lot of rain in spring.2、选用“have,has,had,there is,there are,there was,there were”填空。1)I _a good father and a good mother.2)_ a telescope on the desk.3)He _a tape-recorder.4)_a basketball in the playground
49、.5)They _ a nice garden.6)My father _ a story-book last year.7)_a reading-room in the building?8)What does Mike _?9)_any books in the bookcase?10)How many students _in the room?11)_a story-book on the table a moment ago.12)What do you _?13)My parents _ some nice pictures.14)_ some maps on the wall.1
50、5)_ a map of the world on the wall.16)Davids friends _ some tents.17)_ many children on the hill.精品文本some，any的用法some 用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。例：There is some water in the glass.（肯定句）There are some flowers in the garden.（肯定句）There aren t any lamps in the study.（否定句）Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）W