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1、Unit 4 Topic 1 Section B号目标导航单词surface 表面thousands of成千上万,几千nowhere无处，哪里都不control 控制climate 气候die死，死亡die out灭绝，消失wood木头，木材：树木，森林protect 保护southwest 西南feed喂（养），饲养feed on以为食bamboo 竹less （与不可数名词连用）较少的，更少的短语23 .help to do sth 有助于做24 .make the air fresher and cleaner 使空气变得更清新、干净25 .ke印 the water cycling
2、保持水循环26 .keep the beauty of mature 保持自然之美27 .control the climate 调节气候28 .for many reasons因为许多原因29 .smaller and smaller 越来越小30.in fact事实上，实际上31 .protect sb. / sth from sth.保护免受的伤害32 .feed on 以为食33 .fecd sth. to sb./ sth.把某物喂给某人物34 .feed sb. / sth. with sth用某物喂给某人/物句型class.=the most careful boy in our
3、 class.= Tom is more careful than any other boy in our class.=Tom is more careful than the other boys (the others ) in our class.=No one / Nobody else is more careful than Tom in our class.重点句子like cats best because they arc cuter than other animals.2知识点01【课文原句】I like both plants and animals.both.an
4、d.Both you and I arc students, both.and”两者都.”，连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，不 受，就近原则的限制。如，Both Li Ming and Wei Hua arc good at English.1 .and连接两个成分作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。如，You and she arc on duty today.2 .采用就近原则的情况：当连词或连词短语连接两个成分，而重点强调的是“其中之一”的时候，要采用就 近原则。如，or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等连接主语时，谓语动词
5、以后面的那个主语为主。如，You or he is right.Either your teacher or your classmates were there.Neither you nor he is able to finish the work in an hour.Not only your parents but also I am proud of you.【即学即练 1 my father my mother hope us to make great progress.A. Not only.but also.B. Either.or.C. Both.and. I）. Ne
6、ither.nor.答案：C冷 上+,知识点02【课文原句】As we know, they are both important to us.As we know,据我们所知。I.用作连词，表示让步（意为：虽然，尽管），要用于倒装句，且倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用冠词（等 于though,但语气稍弱）。如： Child asthoughhe was, he did quite well.他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错。2 .用作关系代词，主要用法有二。如：（1）用在such, same, as等之后,引导限制性定语从句。如:This is the same watch as I lost.这块
7、表跟我丢失的那块一样。Such men as （=Those men who） heard of him praised him.听说过他的人都赞扬他。（2）单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前（常译为：正如）或之后（常译为：这一 点），且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如：He was absent, as is often the case.他缺席 了,这是常有的事。As was expected, he succeeded at last.正如我们所料,他终尸成功了。3 .用来表示目的，下面两种句子结构都可以。如：仔细写以便把每句话都写清楚。正： Write careful
8、ly so as to make every sentence clear.正： Write so carefully as to make every sentence clear.4 .在正式文体（尤其是文学体裁）中，as后可用倒装语序表示“也一样”这类意思（现代英语通常s。表示这 一用法）。如：He travelled a great deal, as did most of his friends.他去过许多地方旅游，他的多数朋友也是一样。He plays the piano, as does his mother.他会弹钢琴，他母亲也会。注:用作连词,表示原因（参见because）,
9、表示时间（参见when）。5 .用于as ifas （hough,意为“仿佛”、“似乎”。两者一般可通用（但注意不能说asahhough）。用法上注意几点：（l）as if though可引导状语从句和表语从句，从句谓语根据语义的要求，可用陈述语气（若可能为事实） 或虚拟语气（若为假设或不太可能是事实）。如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天似乎要下雨了。It seems as if youre right.似乎你是对的。He talks as though he knew everything.他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。When a pencil is
10、partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it werebroken.当把一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里 时，它看起来好像折断了似的。当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句谓语常可用陈述语气。如：He paused as though he found a difficuhy.他停 了 下来，似乎遇到了 一个难题 She felt as if she lost something.他觉得似乎丢了什么东西。（2）当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语中又包括有动词be时，从句主语及其谓语中的动词be通常 可以省去。如：From time to time he tur
11、ned round as though （he was） searching for someone.他不时地四卜张望,好像在找 人。He opened his mouth as if （he was）lo speak.他张开口，好像要说话似的。6 .关于as.as,用法注意:(1)中间只能用形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。如果在第二个as之后使用独立的人称代 词，一般说来用主格(较正式)或宾格(非正式)均可。如：Hes as old as sheher.他年纪跟她一样大。注意：要是第二个as之后的人称代词跟有谓语动词，则该人称代词只能用主格。如：He is as old as sh
12、e is.但是有时用主格或宾格含义差别很大。如：You love him as much as I (=as I love him).你爱他像我爱他一样。You love him as much as me (=as you love me).你爱他像爱我一样。(2)在肯定句中用as.as,在否定句中用not as.as或not so.as均可。如：He doesnt study as so hard as his brother.他学习不如他弟弟努力。(3)要注意比较对象的一致性，即比较的双方必须是可以比较的的同类人或物，否则会出错。如：正：The population of China i
13、s much larger chan that of Japan.中国人口比 本人 I I 多得多。误：The population of China is much larger (han Japan.(此句错在将the population of China与Japan来比较，比较对象不一致)(4)如果涉及数量或程度，可用以下两个结构。如：as much4-(不数名词+ ) asas many + (可数名词复数+ ) asYou must speak English as much as possible.你必须尽可能地多说英语。Youve made as many mistakes a
14、s I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。(5)请注意下列结构的词序。如：她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。正：She is a cook as good as her mother.正：She is as good a cook as her mother.误：She is as a good cook as her mother.修饰 as.as 结构的常见词语有 nearly, almost, just, exactly, half, quite, twice, three times 等，请注意这些修饰语都只能放在as.as结构之前(而不能置于其中或其后。如：This rope is twi
15、ce as long as that one.这根绳子比那根长一倍。(7)asas结构的下列用法，属于“异质比较”(注：主、从句的主语和谓语一致时，从句的主语和谓语有时 可以省略)。如：The room is as long as (it is) wide.这房间的长宽尺寸一样。The news was as unexpected as (it was) welcome.这消息来得突然，但受人欢迎。She is as clever as (she is) beautiful.她既聪明又漂亮。One is as light as the other is heavy. 一个轻，另一个重。(8)
16、as.as结构在一定的上下文中可以用其省略结构(即省去其中的一个as)。如：Shes clever, but her brother is just as clever.她很聪明，但她兄弟也一样聪明。The woman married a man poor as herself.这个女人嫁给了一个与她一样穷的男人。【即学即练 2】, English is widely used by people all over the world.A. Thanks to B. As we know C. By the wav D. For example答案：B*,知识点03【课文原句】We share
17、 the same world with them.share.with 与分享.一份, 份儿;（分担的）一部分（+in/of） one part of sth that is divided between ten or more peopleShe signed away her share in the property.她签字放弃财产中属于她的那一份。1 .（工作、费用等的）分摊;分担;贡献 the part that sb has in a particular activity that involves several people Ive worked out your sha
18、re of the expenses at 10.我已算出你应分摊的费用是十英镑。2 .股份 J股票（+in） any of the units of equal value into which a company is divided and sold to raise money. People who own shares receive part of the companys profitsHer partner tried to trick her out of her share.她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份。v.分享;分担 to give some of what you ha
19、ve to sb else; to let sb use sth that is yoursShe would have liked to share with him the joy she had felt.她愿意和他一起分享曾经享受过的快感。二、接下来，做个小测试吧He persistently asserted his right to a in the heritage.他始终声称他有分享那笔遗产的权利。英语语法:短语share in, shoot at的J fj法share in分享，分担用法：share in侧重指分享的内容，与share with的区别是share with指跟
20、谁分享。例J句： Al most time, only psychologists are willing to share in our worries.很多时候，只有心理医生愿意分享我们的烦恼。语法结构分析：At most time 是状语，only psychologists 是主语，are willing to share in 是谓语，our worries 是宾语。【即学即练 3】we should share good methods our classmates.A. with B. to C. in D. on答案：A题组A基础过关练（A）根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.
21、We should do more work with I time.2.1 am busy. Can you a the telephone for me, please?3. The Great Wall is one of the greatest w in the world.4.1 often go to school on foot i of by bus.5. The doctor c her over but could find nothing wrong.根据句意及汉语提示填空。6. We need two more girls to（组成）a team.7. Differ
22、ent people have different（爱好）.8. When I got home, I saw my father（躺 卜）on the sofa.9. All of us should（微笑）at life.10. The shark mainly（以为食）fish and other sea animals.题组B能力提升练I.单项选择。1. Could you me your bike, please?Sorry, Tm using it. You can Jacks.A. borrow; lentB. borrowed; lend C. borrow; lend D.
23、lend; borrowYou must stop. My father is sleeping.A. talk B. talkingC. to talkD. talksAfter hard work, he felt tired to walk.A. soB. toC. tooD. very-I was at the cinema at nine oclock yesterday evening. What about you?I TV at home.A. am watching B. was watching C. will watch D. watched-Do you have to
24、 say today?一No, nothing.A. something important B. nothing importantC. important something D. anything importantNow many children are very, because their parents do everything for them.A. brave B. lovelyC.lazyD. uglyIts easy to make friends, but its difficult to keep the longer.A. days B. friendshipC
25、. classmatesD. lifeMichael is fond of, but I prefer.A. travel; readB.travelling;readingC. to travel; to readD. travelling;readI think classical music is pleasant.I think its boring.A. I agree.B. I think so.C. I dont agree.D. I dont know.2. Everyone is here Li Lei, because he is ill today.A. exceptB.
26、 andC. withD. orHe is very strong. He lift the heavy box.A. canB. needC. mustD. have toCoffee is ready. It very nice! Would you like some?A. feels B. smellsC. soundsD. looksMy is keeping pets. I am in dogs.A. interest; interestedB. interests; interestedC. interest; interestingD. interests; interesti
27、ngThe students were singing an English song Mr. Xiang came into the classroom.A. after B. whenC. beforeD. asWere going for a picnic tomorrow. I whether Jack can come.A. know B. guessC. believeD. wonderH.完形填空。Different people have different hobbies. We students also have our own hobbies, such as read
28、ing, painting, growing vegetables in our gardens and looking after animals. 26 can make us grow, develop （发展）our interests and help us learn new 27 .Liu Tao is a student. His hobby is 28 . When he was in senior high school, he wrote a book and published （出 版）it in 2007. Many teenagers （青少年）29 his bo
29、ok. As a result, he becomes a successful young 30 now.Liu Tao is very lucky 31 his hobby brings him pleasure and success. But he regards writing 32 only one of his many hobbies and interests. He is 33 in many other things. He likes playing football, too. Now he is a member of his school team.Remembe
30、r that we 34 spend all our time on our favourite hobby. There are many other interesting things 35 in life, and we should try to do something new or different.26. A. HobbiesB. HabitsC. LifeD. Parents27. A. friends B. skillsC. languagesD. classmates28. A. fishing B. swimmingC. readingD. writing29. A.
31、 show B. hateC. likeD. sell30. A. writer B. scientistC. readerD. inventor31. A. becauseB. whenC. howeverD. whether32. A. for B. asC. withD. to33. A. interestB. interestsC. interestedD. interesting34. A. must B. canC. shouldD. shouldnt35. A. to do B. doingC. to makeD. makingI I I .阅读理解。（A）Sitting on
32、a chair all day in school can make anyone want to move around. So, more and more teachers are letting students have a ball. By sitting on exercise balls instead of chairs, teachers find students* attention improve.Peter, a fifth-grade teacher in West Virginia, the USA, has been using balls as chairs
33、 since December 2010. “The students love them，he says. Peter took a survey of his students. He found that 80% of the students thought sitting on the balls helped them pay more attention to what they were learning.The manager（经理），Mary, felt so strongly about the use of balls as chairs, she encourages
34、 the use of the balls. She hopes not only teachers but also students know how to use them. Z/Our products（产品）are used in 24 states（ffl）, three provinces（省）in Canada, Puerto Rico and Japan/ says Mary. Research（调查）shows that sitting on the balls makes them sit up straighter/ says Mary, “but it feels n
35、ot boring/ Because the students are moving, so the kids have more energy and can keep longer.“Besides, theyre fun. says Peter.36. What will happen if a student sits on a chair all day in school? The student will.A. pay more attention to his lessonsB. be funC. like to move around D. sit up straighter
36、 37. How long has Peter used the balls?A. About five years. B. Only one year. C. 8 years. D. Since he was a fifth-grade teacher.38. In how many countries are the balls used as the students* chairs?A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One.39. Teachers choose balls instead of chairs because sitting on balls
37、helps the kids.A. improve the students* posture and attentionslouch（没精打采地坐着）on the chairs C. have funD. Both A and C are correct answers.40. Which is better for kids to study in class, sitting on a chair or sitting on a ball?A. Sitting on a chair.B. Sitting on a ball.C. They are the same.D. We dont
38、know.（B）In Britain, people usually begin their talks with weather. For example, they will say Its a fine day, isnt it? ” “ Do you think it w川 rain? ”Many people believe that they are able to tell what the weather will be like. But they never agree with each other. One man may say, “ How cloudy （阴 的）
39、it is now! Its going to rain. Another man will say, “ No, its going to be fine later.MPeople always hope the weather they want. For example, when a farmer needs water; he looks for something to tell him its going to rain. When a man wants to travel, he is sure the weather will be fine quickly.Now al
40、most everyone listens to the weather report. It doesnt always tell us the weather we want, it only tells us what the weather will be like. But sometimes it makes mistakes（错误）.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。41. People inbegin their talks with the weather.A. ChinaB. AmericaD. Japan about the weather.B. themselvesD. ea
41、ch otherB. EveryoneD. Most peopleB. not alwaysD. seldomD. Japan about the weather.B. themselvesD. each otherB. EveryoneD. Most peopleB. not alwaysD. seldomC. EnglandMost people dont agree with A. yourselves C. himself42. listen（s） to the weather report.A. All the peopleC. Each of the people43. The weather report isright.A. alwaysC. never44. The passage mainly tells us something aboutB. musicD. cultureB. musicD. cultureA. sportsC. weather