句子结构分析.ppt

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1、句子成分句子成分主要成分主要成分:主语、谓语:主语、谓语次要成分次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语、插入语补足语、同位语、插入语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语(主语(subject)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheo

2、ld.What he has saidistrue.(名词)(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(数词)(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(名词化的形容词)(句子)(句子)找出句中主语找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundan

3、dtalllikeatree.(名(名词词)(代(代词词)(数(数词词)(动动名名词词)(不定式)(不定式)(句子)(句子)(名名词词化的形容化的形容词词)(It形式主形式主语语,主,主语语从句是真正主从句是真正主语语)谓语谓语简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组组成成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helooked aftertwoorphans.复合复合谓语谓语由由情情态动词态动词或助或助动词动词+动词动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Shedoesnt seemtolikedancing系动词系动词1)状态系动词状态系动词kee

4、p,remain,stay,lie,stand例如:例如:He is a teacher.例如:例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。2)表像系动词表像系动词 seem,appear,look,例如:例如:He looks tired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。3)感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThis kind of cloth feels soft.这种布手感很软这种布手感很软4)变化系动词变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.

5、He became mad after that.自那之后自那之后,他疯了他疯了5)终止系动词终止系动词 prove,turn out,表达表达“证实证实”,“变成变成”之意之意The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。谓语时态谓语时态一般时一般时一般时一般时进行时进行时进行时进行时完成时完成时完成时完成时完成进行时完成进行时完成进行时完成进行时 现在现在现在现在一般现在一般现在一般现在一般现在现在进行现在进行现在进行现在进行现在完成现在完成现在完成现在完成 现在完成进现在完成进现在完成进现在完成进行行行行 过去过去过去过去一般过去一般过去一般过去一般过去过

6、去进行过去进行过去进行过去进行过去完成过去完成过去完成过去完成 过去完成进过去完成进过去完成进过去完成进行行行行 将来将来将来将来一般将来一般将来一般将来一般将来将来进行将来进行将来进行将来进行将来完成将来完成将来完成将来完成 将来完成进将来完成进将来完成进将来完成进行行行行 过去将来过去将来过去将来过去将来一般过去一般过去一般过去一般过去将来将来将来将来过去将来过去将来过去将来过去将来进行进行进行进行过去将来过去将来过去将来过去将来完成完成完成完成过去将来完过去将来完过去将来完过去将来完成进行成进行成进行成进行(三)表语(三)表语1.That remains a puzzle.2.Time

7、is precious.3.The war was over.4.Im not quite myself today.5.I dont feel at ease.6.They seem to know the truth.7.The glass was broken.8.My job is teaching.9.This is how I learn to drive名词名词形容词形容词副词副词介词短语介词短语动词不定式动词不定式过去分词过去分词动名词动名词从句从句代词代词表语形容词表语形容词alone,asleep,alike,awake,afraid,ashamedill,well,pre

8、sent,worth,ready动词不定式作表语AllIwanttodois.Theonlythinghedidwas.Whathewantsis.Theonlythinghesaidwas.watchTVwaittogowithhimtogoawayShow your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did

9、 you write down what he said?(名(名词词)(代代词词)(数数词词)(名名词词化的形容化的形容词词)(四四)宾语宾语(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(句子)(句子)不定式作宾语以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:want,intend,attempt,desire,agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that从句。Idecidedtoa

10、skformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.动名词作宾语以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:advise,admit,appreciate,appreciate,allow,avoid,consider,suggest,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,save,mind,giveup,insiston,putoff等Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsm

11、oking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大forget,remember,regretWeregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenot

12、invitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.meantodo打算做某事doing意味着stoptodo停下来去做doing停下正在做的事情动名词作宾语的典型句型做某事没用/没好处做某事有困难/有问题做某事有乐趣做某事很愉快阻止做某事花费/浪费时间做某事忙于做某事值得做某事某物需要做某事(五)定语(五)定语Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Hebough

13、tsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置:定语后置:如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时,通常要前置。表示时,通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置表示时,通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the tree

14、ishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?简单句?并列句?复合句?MikeandTomliketosingsongsinKTV.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspictures.Hewantstogotoschool,buthisparentscantaffordit.Heworksveryhard,sohegothighmarksinthisexam.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Iwasexpectingthedaywhenwemeetagain.(六)状语(六)状语状语的功

15、用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackin a while.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Theyweresittingsidebyside,talking.(六)状语(六)状语状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、程度、方式和

16、伴随状况等。果、条件、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolin spite of his illness.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknown to them.(七)(七)宾语补宾语补足足语语make,c

17、onsider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:1 1、名词:、名词:、名词:、名词:Wemadehimourmonitor.Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注注注注:常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:常用名词充当

18、宾语补足语的动词有:常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:call,call,name,name,elect,elect,make,make,think,think,appoint,appoint,choose,choose,find,find,consider,consider,keep,wish,feelkeep,wish,feel等。等。等。等。注注注注:充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的名名名名词词词词若若若若表表表表示示示示正正正正式式式式的的的的或或或或独独独独一一一一无无无无二二二二的的的的头头头头衔衔衔衔、职职职职位时,前

19、面一般不用冠词,如:位时,前面一般不用冠词,如:位时,前面一般不用冠词,如:位时,前面一般不用冠词,如:TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2 2、形容词:形容词:形容词:形容词:Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.注:常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:注:常用形容词充当宾语补足

20、语的动词有:注:常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:注:常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:believe,believe,think,think,get,get,keep,keep,make,make,find,find,set,set,like,like,wish,wish,see,see,consider,consider,prove,have,leave,prove,have,leave,以及以及以及以及paint,drive,turn,cutpaint,drive,turn,cut等。等。等。等。3 3、现在分词:、现在分词:、现在分词:、现在分词:Imsorrytohavekeptyo

21、uwaitingforsolong.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:5 5、过去分词:过去分词:过去分词:过去分词:HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutof

22、theroom.HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.6 6此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如:此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如:此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如:此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当

23、宾语补足语,如:Whendoyouwantitback?Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4 4、动词不定式:动词不定式:动词不定式:动词不定式:Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Wouldyo

24、ulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:1 1、当当当当名名名名词词词词、形形形形容容容容词词词词、副副副副词词词词和和和和介介介介词词词词短短短短语语语语充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,它它它它们们们们和和和和宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之之间间间间有有有有着着着着逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上的的的的主主主

25、主谓谓谓谓关关关关系系系系(或或或或称称称称表表表表语语语语关关关关系系系系),若若若若无无无无宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语,则则则则句句句句意意意意不不不不完完完完整整整整。宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语说说说说明明明明宾宾宾宾语语语语的的的的情情情情况况况况、性性性性质质质质、特特特特征征征征、状状状状态、身份或属类等。试比较:态、身份或属类等。试比较:态、身份或属类等。试比较:态、身份或属类等。试比较:Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)YouYousho

26、uldshouldkeepkeepyouryourroomroomcleancleanandandtidy.tidy.(Your(Yourroomroomisiscleancleanandtidy.)andtidy.)WeWecouldcouldhearhearthethechildrenchildrenatatplayplayoutside.outside.(The(Thechildrenchildrenareareatatplayoutside.)playoutside.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:2 2、当当当当现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词和

27、和和和动动动动词词词词不不不不定定定定式式式式充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,它它它它们们们们和和和和宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之之间间间间有有有有逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上的的的的主主主主谓谓谓谓关关关关系系系系,宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语一一一一般般般般为为为为宾宾宾宾语语语语所所所所做做做做的的的的动动动动作作作作,(若若若若无无无无宾语补足语,则句意不完整),如:宾语补足语,则句意不完整),如:宾语补足语,则句意不完整),如:宾语补足语,则句意不完整),如:HeHesawsawananoldoldmanmangettinggettingonont

28、hethebus.bus.(An(Anoldoldmanmanwaswasgettinggettingononthebus.)thebus.)DidDidyouyouseeseea ayoungyoungmanmanenterenterthethehouse?house?(A(Ayoungyoungmanmanenteredenteredthehouse.)thehouse.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:3 3、当当当当过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,它它它它与与与与宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之

29、之间间间间有有有有着着着着动动动动宾宾宾宾关关关关系系系系,即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.Ididntwan

30、tthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)三、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号三、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号三、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号三、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号 toto 的取舍问题:的取舍问题:的取舍问题:的取舍问题:1 1、feel,feel,hear,hear,listenlistento,to,let,let,have,have,make,make,see,see,

31、watch,watch,notice,notice,observeobserve等等等等动词后的不定式需省去动词后的不定式需省去动词后的不定式需省去动词后的不定式需省去 toto。3 3、helphelp一词后的不定式,可带一词后的不定式,可带一词后的不定式,可带一词后的不定式,可带 toto,也可以不带也可以不带也可以不带也可以不带 toto。主动语态中省略主动语态中省略to,to,在被动式还原在被动式还原toto。letlet除外。除外。四四四四、在在在在复复复复合合合合宾宾宾宾语语语语中中中中,宾宾宾宾语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或代代代代词词词词,但但但但有有

32、有有时时时时也也也也可可可可以以以以用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式(短短短短语语语语)、动动动动名名名名词词词词(短短短短语语语语)或或或或thatthat从从从从句句句句来来来来充充充充当当当当。这这这这时时时时,应应应应使使使使用用用用先先先先行行行行it it代代代代替替替替宾宾宾宾语语语语,而而而而将将将将真真真真正正正正的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语移移移移到到到到句句句句子子子子的后部,如:的后部,如:的后部,如:的后部,如:Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortc

33、omings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注注注注意意意意:在在在在这这这这种种种种结结结结构构构构中中中中,宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或形形形形容容容容词词词词;常常常常用用用用于这种结构的动词有:于这种结构的动词有:于这种结构的动词有:于这种结构的动词有:feel,f

34、ind,think,make,take,judge,considerfeel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。等。等。等。双宾语结构汇总:用to连接,用for连接,两者兼可两者兼不可用用of连接do的双宾语结构固定搭配dosb.wrong/harm/good/afavor为某人提供某物provide,offer,supply用to连接give,bring,lend,send,mail,show,return,offer,hand,post,sell,tell,teach,serve,owe,write,read,throwSendanemailtome

35、.Sendmeanemail用for连接buy,book,choose,cook,fetch,save,order,fix,sing,find,get,prepare,pick,change,playSheboughtagiftforme.Sheboughtmeagift.两者兼可read,take,carry,bring,sing,read,writeTheboyreadthepoemtohisgrandpa.Theboyreadthepoemforhisgrandpa.Singasongtome.Singasongforme.两者兼不可allow,ask,cause,cost,forgiv

36、e,Thismistakecosthimhislife.用of连接remind,warn,accuse,inform,convince,suspect,robHeconvincehisteacherofhisexcuse.Thepoliceinformedthelocalofthedanger.(八)同位语(八)同位语 位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmeth

37、enewsthatourteamwonthegame.Iwantabook,oneonhistory.Iwantthebook,theonewitharedcover.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句Exercises:分析句子分析句子结结构构1)Youareastudent.2)Hefelthappytoday.3)Whatyousaidmademehappy.4)CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5)Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6)Helikespopmusic.7)Thesoundsoundsstrange.8)Thefoodtastesgood.9)Hegavemeabookyesterday.10)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.

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