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1、 Unit6TheTelephoneAnwar F.AccawiFirst patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by many others,the telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances.Telephones became rapidly indispensable to businesses,governm
2、ent,and households,and are today some of the most widely used small appliances.AlexanderGrahamBell(March3,1847August2,1922)wasaneminentscientist,inventor,engineerandinnovatorwhoiscreditedwithinventingthefirstpracticaltelephone.BellplacingthefirstNewYorktoChicagotelephonecallin1892A 19th century acou
3、stic tin can,or lovers telephoneActor portraying Alexander Graham Bell in a 1926 silent film.The single-port design required the user to alternately speak into and then listen through the same hole.Woodenwalltelephonewithahand-crankedmagnetogenerator磁发电机磁发电机 1896 Telephone(Sweden)A German rotary tel
4、ephone,the W48 Ahardware-basedIPphone,withtouch-tonedialing（按模音调拨号）Amodernmobilephone,alsocalledacellphone AniPhone,amobilesmartphonethatisabletoaccesstheInternet.粉色苹果粉色苹果iPhone6曝光：全球限量曝光：全球限量200台台Discussion:How do the products of modern technology,say,the telephone,the computer,the Internet,iPad,or
5、 iPhone,etc.affect our life?Born in Lebanon in a family whose ancestors are believed to have gone to Jerusalem in the Crusades.While he was teaching English at the University of Beirut(贝鲁特，黎巴嫩首都),he married an American from Tennessee.AuthorAnwarF.AccawiWhen the civil war broke out in Lebanon,they we
6、re forced to leave the country and settle in the United States.Anwar F.Accawi became a teacher of English at the University of Tennessee,Knoxville(诺克斯维尔,当地华人一般简称之为“诺城”），是美国田纳西州东部的一个城市).AuthorAnwarF.AccawiAboutLebanonA country of southwest Asia on the Mediterranean Sea.The site of ancient Phoenicia(腓
7、尼基),the region was gradually absorbed by the Persian Empire and later conquered by Alexander the Great.Eventually it came under Roman control and was Christianized before the Arab conquest of the 7th century.Part of the Ottoman Empire from the early 16th century,Lebanon became a French League of Nat
8、ions mandate(委任统治地)after World War I and proclaimed its independence in 1941,although full self-government was not achieved until 1945.Tensions between Christians and Muslims led(1975)to civil war,which finally came to an end in 1991.Beirut is the capital and the largest city.Population:3,930,000.Ab
9、out 95%of Lebanese are Arabs;Armenians(亚美尼亚人)are the principal minority.About 60%of the population is Muslim and about 40%is Christian.Arabic is the official language;French,English,and Armenian are also spoken.Before the Lebanese Civil War(1975-1990),the country enjoyed a period of relative calm an
10、d prosperity,driven by the tourism,agriculture,and banking sectors of the economy.It is considered the banking capital of the Levant(累范特)and was widely known as the Switzerland of the East due to its financial power and diversity.Lebanon also attracted large numbers of tourists to the point that the
11、 capital Beirut became widely referred to as the Paris of Western Asia.structureI.Life in the village before it had a telephone(paras.1-10)II.The installation of the first telephone in the village(paras.11-18)III.Effects of the telephone on the life of the villagers(paras.19-25)DetailedStudyWhen I w
12、as growing up in Magdaluna,a small Lebanese village in the terraced,rocky mountains east of Sidon(西顿,黎巴嫩西南部港市)(para.1)east(west,etc.)of:at a distance to the east(west,etc.)He was born in a small town about 100 kilometers southwest of Hangzhou.The Browns live 150 miles west of London.time didnt mean
13、much to anybody,except maybe to those who were dying.(para.1)The villagers didnt think time was important until perhaps when they were dying.In those days,there was no real need for a calendar or a watch(para.1)need:a situation when sth is necessary or must be done,e.g.Theres a growing need for new
14、housing in this area.Theres no need to apologize.to keep track of the hours,days,months,and years.(para.1)keep track of:to keep oneself informed about a person,situation,etc.The boy has kept track of his favorite sports stars.They try hard to keep track of all the new developments in the IT industry
15、.lose track of:to fail to remain informedHe loses track of time whenever he surfs the Net.During WWII,the Chinese couple lost track of their son who was studying in Britain.Theonlytimepiecewehadneedofthenwasthesun.(para.1)have(no)needof:to(not)need We have no need of this old desktop now that weve b
16、ought an up-to-date one.When he found they had no more need of him,he quit.Itroseandset,andtheseasonsrolledby(para.1)rollby:(of time)to pass,esp.quickly The years rolled by,and still they got no news of their son.the seasons rolled by:the seasons came and went in steady successionmarriedourcousins.C
17、ultural Note:Intermarriage among cousins is very common in some countries.The practice has come down from ancient times,when people there were mostly nomadic herdsmen who had no permanent settlements and moved with the animals from place to place.There were very few options open to young people in t
18、he choice of spouse.Today,this intermarriage is still common because of economic considerations.For poor families,marriage within an extended family saves the trouble of exchanging dowries（嫁妆）.When rich people marry their cousins,they dont worry that someday their money and property will pass to ano
19、ther family.thosechildrenwhosurvivedThis implies that infant mortality rate was high.becauseitwasframedbyactsofGod:(para.2)frame:to organize and develop a plan,system,etc.制订，构思frame a new bill 制订新的法案frame a new method frame an excuseitworkedjustfineforus.(para.2)fine:adv.(infml)in a way that is acce
20、ptable and good enough Dont worry.He is doing fine.Things are fine at school this year.that caused the roof on the mayors house to cave in.(para.4)cave in:(of roof or wall)to fall down or inward;to collapse thebigearthquakethatcrackedthewall(para.6)crack:v.:The heat cracked my lips.The glass cracked
21、 when I poured icy water into it.n.There are many cracks in the old wall.You couldnt be more accurate than that,now,could you?(para 7)now:(spoken)used for giving emphasis to a request,order,or commentFor example:Be careful,now!(order)好了，小心了。Now,whats going on here?(request)呃，这儿是怎么回事？Its marvelous,no
22、w,isnt it?(comment)哎，好极了。And thats the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember.(para.8)And thats how we kept track of the important events in our little village for as long as even the oldest people could remember.awhirlwindstruck(para.8)strike:(of sth unpleasant)t
23、o happen suddenly 突然侵袭The rise in living cost struck the poor people of the country.生活费用的上涨使这个国家的穷人遭受打击。because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdalunas calendar.(para.8)save their own souls:to save their own livesincorpo
24、rate sth.(into):to add or include sth as part of sth else The company decided to incorporate the new feature into their microcomputer.A number of courses in public relations have been incorporated into our curriculum.There was,for instance,the year of the drought,when the heavens were shut for month
25、s(para.9)heavens:(literary)the skythe heavens were shut for months:It didnt rain for months as if the sky were shut tight.and the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to a trickle.(para.9)slowedtoatrickle:gradually there was only a small amount of water coming slowly ou
26、t of the springto:used for stating what condition or state sb or sth is after a change,e.g.The ancient temple has been restored to its former glory.The disease has reduced the patient to a bag of bones.Intheyearofthedrought,thatlittleclearingwasalwayspacked(para.9)pack:to put or push things into挤满、塞
27、满We were packed tight in the bus.The audience packed the hall.their napping men and wet babies(para.9)their husbands who were taking a nap and their babies who needed to change their nappies Cultural Note:Men in Arab countries,especially in the countryside,usually dont do any housework.And sometimes
28、 the arguments escalated into full-blown,knockdown-dragout fights.(para.10)And sometimes the arguments became so fierce that the women began to fight violently.full-blown:in the most complete and developed form,e.g.a full-blown economic crisis call each other names that made my ears tingle.(para.10)
29、call sb names:to abuse sb by insulting words the words they used when they were quarreling were so offensive that we little boys felt uncomfortableArabwomenI remember the rush,the excitement,the sun dancing on the dust clouds as a dress ripped and a young white breast was revealed,then quickly hidde
30、n.(para.10)Some women were fighting furiously creating dust clouds.The sun was moving quickly on the dust when a young womans dress was torn open and her breast exposed.We little boys would rush to steal a glance before it was hidden again.I still remember the excitement I felt at such moments.rush:
31、a strong,usually pleasant feeling that you get from taking a drug or from doing sth exciting (身体的）一阵感觉，（感情的）一阵激动The memory came back with a painful rush.回忆往事，心里一阵难过。rip:to tear sth.or be torn quickly and violentlyHe ripped the letter across and threw the halves into the basket.The sails ripped under
32、 the force of the wind.reveal v.a.tomakeknown;todiscloseb.tolayopentoview;toexpose/show/display/exhibitExamples:Investigation has revealed him to be a criminal.She drew the curtains aside to reveal a beautiful garden.Their faces revealed anger and alarm.Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until
33、it had one.(para.11)get anywhere/somewhere/nowhere：tomakesome/noprogressorhavesome/nosuccessHave you got anywhere in your project?Youll surely get somewhere if you persist in it.cf.nottogetsb.anywhere:will not help sb.to succeede.g.:Losing your temper wont get you anywhere with them.Finally he talke
34、d Xiao Chen into accepting the job.If she wants to do something,no one can talk her out of it.A few mendid all they could to talk Abu Raja out of having a telephone brought to the village.(para.11)talk sb.into/out of(doing)sth.:topersuadesb.todo/nottodosth But they were outshouted and ignored and fi
35、nally shunned by the other villagers(para.11)But the majority of the villagers were for the telephone,and they wouldnt listen to those few people and finally avoided them for resisting progress.theshoutwentoutthat(para.12)goout:to be told to peopleThe word went out Someoftherichvillagerswalkedrighti
36、ntothestoreandstoodattheelbowsofthetwoimportant-lookingmen(para.13)atoneselbow:very close to or beside sb The man is very interested in cooking and always has a lot of cookery books at his elbow.wireupthetelephone(13)towireup:connect sth to a supply of electricity by means of wiresAs soon as the equ
37、ipment is wired up,you can use it.thepoorervillagersstoodoutsideandlistenedcarefullytothedetailsrelayedtothem(para.13)relay:to pass a message from one person to another 转述，转达We had to relay what he said to his employees and then relay back to him their answer.towriggleoneswaythrough(para.17):to move
38、 or make ones way in the specific direction with wriggling movementsThey managed to wriggle their way through the thick hedge.ShewasadevoutCatholic(para.19)CulturalNote:TheestimatedpopulationofLebanonin1998was3,506,000,ofwhom95percentwereArabs.TherearesmallminoritiesofArmenians(亚美尼亚人亚美尼亚人)andKurds(库
39、尔德人库尔德人).Itisestimatedthat70percentofLebanonspopulationareMuslimwhile30percentareChristian.Maronite(流行于黎巴嫩的马龙教派流行于黎巴嫩的马龙教派)ChristianscomprisethelargestChristiansect.OtherChristiansectsincludeGreekCatholic,GreekOrthodox,ArmenianCatholic,RomanCatholicandProtestant.(AlsoDruze,asmallstrangereligioussect
40、.德鲁兹德鲁兹).because Im Kaleem took some of the pressure off them and kept the men out of their hair while they attended to their endless chores.(para.19)The wife is so kind as to always keep her husband out of her hair.keep sb.out of ones hair:(collo.)to have sb.away from the trouble 使某人不被烦扰attendto:at
41、tend to a sick man He should attend better to his studies.when the loud voices of the men talking,laughing,and arguing could be heard in the street belowa reassuring,homey sound.(para.20)a reassuring,homey sound:a sound that makes you feel less worried and that is in a way pleasant and reminds you o
42、f homeHerhousewasanislandofcomfort,anoasisforthewearyvillagemen,exhaustedfromhavingsolittletodo.(para.20)村子里的男人因无所事事而筋疲力尽，对那些疲惫而沉闷的男人们来说，她的家就是一个舒适的小岛，一片沙漠中的绿洲。metaphor paradox:似是而非的隽语 the signal that they were ready to toss back and forth,like a ball,the latest rumors going around the village.(para.
43、21)this showed that now they were ready to exchange the latest news.wouldchangetheirlivesanddeliverthemfromtheiraimlessexistence.(para.21)deliversb.fromsb./sth.:to help sb.escape from sth.bad or evil 释放、解救、解脱They delivered the hostages from the terrorists.existence:a way of living,especially if this
44、 is difficult or boring,e.g.The refugees have a miserable existence.The family depended on what their land could produce for their very existence.dranklukewarmsodasthattheycalledKacula,Seffen-Ub,andBebsi.(para.21)lukewarm:(of food,liquid,etc.)slightly warm and not as hot or cold as it should be 不冷不热
45、的、温的lukewarm waterBuyers have adopted a lukewarm attitude.买主的态度不甚热情。Onagoodday,Irannineortenofthoseerrands,(para.22)errand:n.short journey to take a message,get or deliver goods,etc.（短程的）差事、任务 He did three errands in one trip.run errand for sb.whichassuredasteadysupplyofmarbles(para.22)assure(sth):t
46、o make sth.certain to happen or be gained 确保（利润、成功、幸福等)；保障assure accuracy 确保精确assure the success 确保成功Strength and good tactics assured his success at the Asian Games.Intheevenings,thelaughterandnoiseofthementrailedoffandfinallystopped.(para.22)trailoff/away:(of ones voice,speech,etc.)to become gradu
47、ally quieter and then stop His interest in the work trailed off.Her voice trailed off into a whisper.firstone,thentwo,thenbunches(para.23)bunch:a large number of people or things,or a large amount of sth.帮、群、批The doctor asked me a bunch of questions.The army took them.The army enlisted them.Cultural
48、Note:Since achieving independence in 1943,Lebanons history has become marked by political turmoil and bloodshed:civil wars and conflicts with Israel.Probably that was why the country maintained a comparatively large army.Jobsinthecitiesluredthem.(para.24)lure:v.to attract,draw or recall n.anything t
49、hat attracts;power of attractingThe hunter lured the fox into a trap.Large firms lure customers away with slick advertisement.The beaches have become a lure for walking,especially in the early evening.Magdaluna became a skeleton of its former self,desolate and forsaken,like the tombs,a place to get
50、away from.(para.24)With the healthy,the young,and the able-bodied all gone,Magdaluna was not what it had been.The house,the streets and the store were there,but they were no longer alive with laughter and the loud voices of the men talking,laughing,and arguing.It became a much-deserted place,a place