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1、专业英英语-part-5Words and Expressionsaccess /kses/vt.使用；存取；接近n.进入；使用权；通路 random access 随机存取；随机访问 access control 访问控制accumulate /kjumjlet/vi.累积；积聚vt.积攒 accumulate experience 获取经验；积累经验 accumulate density 堆积密度Words and Expressionsacoustic /kustk/adj.声学的；音响的；听觉的n.原声乐器；不用电传音的乐器 acoustic wave 声波 acoustic velo
2、city 声速allocation /lke()n/n.分配，配置；安置 resource allocation 资源分配Words and Expressionsanalogous /nlgs/adj.类似的，相似的；同功的；可比拟的 analogous to 类推为 analogous proof 类比证明annihilate /nalet/vt.消灭，歼灭；战胜；废止vi.湮灭；湮没 annihilate completely 全部消灭 Words and Expressionsanomalous /nm()ls/adj.异常的；不规则的；不恰当的 anomalous absorptio
3、n 反常吸收，异常吸收 anomalous dispersion 反常色散同义词：abnormalarbitrary /bt(r)r/adj.数 任意的；武断的；专制的 arbitrary parameter 任意参数 arbitrary function 随意函数；任意函数 arbitrary arrangement 随机排列Words and Expressionsasynchronous /eskrns/（non-aynchronous）adj.电 异步的；不同时的；不同期的 asynchronous communication 异步通信；非同步通讯 asynchronous trans
4、fer mode 异步传输模式反义词：synchronous adj.同步的；同时的attenuation /,tenjen/n.物 衰减；变薄；稀释 attenuation coefficient 衰减系数 noise attenuation 噪声衰减Words and Expressionsavalanche /vln/n.雪崩vt.雪崩 vi.崩塌 avalanche photodiode 雪崩光电二极管 avalanche breakdown 雪崩击穿bandwidth /bndwt/n.电子物 带宽；通信 频带宽度 gain bandwidth 增益带宽Words and Expre
5、ssionsbending loss 弯曲损耗bound electron 物 束缚电子boundary loss 边界损耗Words and Expressionscategory /ktg()r/n.种类，分类；数 范畴 product category 产品类别；产品目录compensate /kmpenset/vi.补偿，赔偿；抵消vt.补偿，赔偿；付报酬 compensate for 赔偿，补偿Words and Expressionschromatic/krmtk/adj.彩色的；色品的；易染色的 chromatic aberration n.色差；像差 chromatic fig
6、ure 染色质象dispersion /dsp()n/n.散布；统计数 离差；驱散 dispersion relation 色散关系 chromatic dispersion 光 色散Words and Expressionscore/k/n.核心；要点；果心；计 磁心；纤芯vt.挖.的核 core competence 核心竞争力coupler /kpl/n.电子 耦合器；联结器 directional coupler 定向耦合器 optical coupler 光耦合器Words and Expressionscross-phase modulation（XPM）交叉相位调制depleti
7、on /dplin/n.消耗；损耗；放血 depletion region 电耗尽区；势垒区；阻挡层Words and Expressionsderegulation /di,regjlen/n.违反规定，反常；撤消管制规定airline deregulation 航空解制derivative /drvtv/n.化学 衍生物，派生物；导数adj.派生的；引出的 second derivative 二次导数 partial derivative 偏导数；偏微商词根：derive/drav/vt.源于；得自；获得 vi.起源Words and Expressionsdielectric/,dale
8、ktrk/adj.非传导性的；诱电性的n.电介质；绝缘体 dielectric constant 介电常数 dielectric loss 化介电损耗electron-hole pair 电子-空穴对Words and Expressionsfluctuation /,flktjuein/n.起伏，波动 economic fluctuation 经济波动 voltage fluctuation 电压波动harmonic /hmnk/adj.和声的；谐和的；音乐般的n.物 谐波；和声 harmonic generator 谐波发生器 harmonic analysis 谐波分析Words and
9、 Expressionsgraded-index fiber 梯度折射率光纤group-velocity mismatch 群速度失配Words and Expressionsheterodyne /het()r()dan/adj.外差的，外差法的n.外差法；外差振荡器 heterodyne receiver 外差接收机 heterodyne detector 外差检波器 hybrid /habrd/n.杂种，混血儿；混合物adj.混合的；杂种的 hybrid rice 杂交水稻 hybrid system 混合系统Words and Expressionsinteroperability /
10、ntr,prblt/n.计 互操作性；互用性 interoperability principles 互操作性原则；互通性原则词根：interoperable 彼此协作的；能共同操作的；能共同使用的isolator /aisleit/n.电子 隔离器；隔音装置；绝缘体 vibration isolator 隔振器 optical isolator 光频隔离器Words and Expressionsmodal /md()l/adj.模式的；情态的；形式的n.莫代尔（一种新型纤维素纤维）modal dispersion 模间色散 modal logic 模态逻辑moderate /md()rt/
11、adj.稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的vi.变缓和，变弱vt.节制；减轻 moderate intensity 中等强度Words and Expressionsnonetheless /nnles/adv.尽管如此，但是nevertheless/nevles/adv.然而，不过；虽然如此conj.然而，不过optical fiber 光纤Words and Expressionsnormalized /nrmlazd/adj.标准化的；正规化的；规格化的v.使规范化（normalize的过去分词）；使正常化 normalized frequency 归一化频率 normalized
12、 offset 归一化的偏置packet /pkt/n.数据包，信息包；小包，小捆；波包vt.包装，打包 data packet 数据包 wave packet 物波包；波群Words and Expressionsperturbation /,ptbe()n/n.数天 摄动；不安；烦乱，扰乱 perturbation theory 微扰理论 perturbation approximation 微扰近似photocurrent /ft(),kr()nt/n.电子 光电流 photocurrent generator 光电发生器 photocurrent characteristics 光电流
13、特性Words and Expressionsrefer to as 称为，称作，把称作relative core-cladding index difference相对纤芯-包层折射率差cladding /kld/n.包层；电镀；喷镀v.穿衣（clad的ing形式）cladding thickness 覆盖厚度Words and Expressionsrepeater /rpit/n.通信 中继器；通信 转发器；重复者 impulse repeater 脉冲转发器 repeater spacing 中继距离resonance /rez()nns/n.力 共振；共鸣；反响 resonance
14、frequency 谐振频率 nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振resonator n.声 共鸣器，共鸣体；共振器resonate v.共鸣；共振Words and Expressionsreyleigh scattering 瑞利散射simultaneously /,smltensl/adv.同时地 achieved simultaneously 同时达到，同时获得 develop simultaneously 并举Words and Expressionssingle-mode 单模multi-mode 多模step-index fiber 阶跃折射率光纤(SI
15、F)step-index monomode fiber 阶跃折射率单模光纤 step-Index multimode fiber 阶跃折射率多模光纤Words and Expressionstunable semiconductor laser 可协调的半导体激光器ultrashort /ltrt/adj.超短波的；极短的 ultrashort wave 超短波 ultrashort pulses 超短脉冲lIn an optical communication system,information is transmitted by light propagation inside an o
16、ptical fiber in the form of a coded sequence of optical pulses.The signal weakens during propagation because of fiber loss.在光通信系统中，信息通过光在光纤中以编码序列的光脉冲的形式传播。由于光纤损耗，信号在传播过程中减弱。Part 5 Optical Fiber CommunicationlThe transmission distance can exceed a few thousand kilometers for such systems as long as f
17、iber dispersion does not limit it.A novel approach makes use of optical solitons that use fiber nonlinearity for compensating fiber dispersion.对于这样的系统，只要光纤色散不限制它，传输距离就可以超过几千公里。一种利用光孤子的新颖方法是通过光纤非线性来补偿光纤色散。5.1 Development of Optical Communication SystemlIn its simplest form,an optical fiber consists o
18、f a central core surrounded by a cladding layer whose refractive index is slightly lower than that of the core.在最简单的结构中，光纤由一个被包裹层包围的纤芯组成，其折射率略低于纤芯。5.2 Optical Fiber CharacteristicslSuch fibers are generally referred to as step-index fibers to distinguish them from graded-index fibers in which the re
19、fractive index of the core decreases gradually from center to the core boundary.这种光纤通常被称为“阶跃折射率光纤”，以区别它们和梯度折射率光纤，在梯度折射率光纤中，其纤芯的折射率逐渐从中心向纤心边界逐渐减小。5.2 Optical Fiber Characteristics5.2.1 Optical Losses光损耗lSeveral factors contribute to the loss spectrum,material absorption and Rayleigh scattering contri
20、buting dominantly.Other factors that may contribute to the fiber loss are bending losses and boundary losses(due to scattering at the core-cladding boundary).（以上）几个因素导致了光谱损耗、材料吸收和瑞利散射。其他可能导致光纤损耗的因素是弯曲损耗和边界损耗（由于纤芯-包层边界的光散射）。5.2 Optical Fiber Characteristics5.2.2 Chromatic Dispersion色散lOn a fundamenta
21、l level,the origin of chromatic dispersion is related to the characteristic resonance frequencies at which the medium absorbs the electromagnetic radiation through oscillations of bound electrons.在一个基本的层面上，色散的起源与介质通过束缚电子振荡吸收的电磁辐射的特征共振频率有关。5.2 Optical Fiber Characteristics5.2.2 Chromatic Dispersion色散
22、lAn important feature of chromatic dispersion is that pulses at different wavelengths propagate at different speeds inside the fiber because of the group-velocity mismatch.This feature leads to a walk-off effect that plays an important role in the description of the nonlinear phenomena involving two
23、 or more overlapping optical pulses.色散的一个重要特征是，由于群速度失配，不同波长的脉冲在光纤内以不同的速度传播。这一特性导致了一种离散效应，它在涉及两个或多个重叠光脉冲的非线性现象的描述中起着重要的作用。5.2 Optical Fiber Characteristics5.2.3 Fiber Nonlinearities光纤非线性效应lThe response of any dielectric to light becomes nonlinear for intense electromagnetic fields,and optical fibers
24、are no exception.On a fundamental level,the origin of nonlinear response is related to a harmonic motion of bound electrons under the influence of an applied field.对于强烈的电磁场，任何电介质对光线的响应都是非线性的，光纤也不例外。在一个基本的层面上，非线性响应的起源与在应用场的影响下束缚电子的谐波运动有关。5.2 Optical Fiber Characteristics5.3.1 Mode Characteristics模式特征
25、l In addition,the fiber can support a continuum of unguided radiation modes.Although the inclusion of radiation modes is crucial in problems involving transfer of power between bounded and radiation modes,they do not play an important role in the discussion of nonlinear effects.此外，光纤可以支持无制导辐射模式的连续统一
26、体。尽管对于涉及到有界模式和辐射模式之间的能量转移问题，包含辐射模式是至关重要的，但在非线性效应的讨论中，它们并没有发挥重要作用。5.3 Propagation of Optical Beam in Fiber5.3.2 Optical Pulse Propagation and Pulse Spreading in Fibers光纤中的光脉冲传播和脉冲展宽lThe combined effects of group-velocity dispersion(GVD)and self-phase modulation(SPM)on optical pulses propagating insid
27、e a fiber can be studied by solving a pulse-propagation equation.通过求解脉冲传播方程，研究了在光纤中传播的光脉冲的群速度色散（GVD）和自相调制（SPM）的综合效应。5.3 Propagation of Optical Beam in Fiber5.3.3 Dispersion Management色散管理（操纵）lIn a fiber-optic communication system,information is transmitted over a fiber by using a coded sequence of o
28、ptical pulses whose width is determined by the bit rate B of the system.在光纤通信系统中，信息借由光脉冲的编码序列通过光纤传输，其脉冲宽度由系统的比特率B决定。5.3 Propagation of Optical Beam in Fiber5.3.4 Solitons孤子、孤波lA fascinating manifestation of the fiber nonlinearity occurs through optical solitons,formed as a result of the interplay be
29、tween the dispersive and nonlinear effects.极好的光纤非线性表现是由光孤子产生的，这是由色散和非线性效应相互作用而形成的。5.3 Propagation of Optical Beam in Fiber5.4.1 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering(SBS)受激布里渊散射lSBS generates a Stokes wave propagating in the backward direction.The frequency of the Stokes wave is downshifted by an amount t
30、hat depends on the wavelength of incident signal.SBS产成一个在反方向传播的斯托克斯波。通过一个依赖于入射信号波长的量，该斯托克斯波的频率减小。5.4 Impact of Fiber Nonlinearities5.4.2 Stimulated Raman Scattering(SRS)受激拉曼散射lSRS differs from SBS in several ways.First,it generates a forward-propagating Stokes wave.SRS在很多方面与SBS不同。首先，它产生一个正向传播的斯托克斯波。
31、5.4 Impact of Fiber Nonlinearities5.4.3 Self-Phase Modulation(SPM)自相位调制lThe intensity dependence of the refractive index leads to SPM-induced nonlinear phase shift,resulting in chirping and spectral broadening of optical pulses.折射率的强度依赖导致了由SPM引起的非线性相位偏移，从而导致了光脉冲的啁啾和光谱展宽现象。5.4 Impact of Fiber Nonline
32、arities5.4.4 Cross-Phase Modulation(XPM)交叉相位调制5.4.5 Four-Wave Mixing(FWM)四波混频5.4 Impact of Fiber NonlinearitieslAll Optical Networks are those in which either wavelength division or time division is used in new ways to form entire network structures where the messages travel in purely optical form a
33、ll the way from one user location to another.全光网络是用波长划分或时间划分这些新方法，形成的整个网络结构，这些网络结构的信息一直以纯光的形式从一个用户位置传播到另一个用户位置。5.5 All Optical Network5.5.1 Components组件lThe components used in modem optical networks include couplers,lasers,photodetectors,optical amplifiers,optical switches,filters and multiplexers.现
34、代光学网络中使用的组件包括耦合器、激光器、光电探测器、光学放大器、光学开关、过滤器和多路转换器。5.5.2 Modulations and Demodulations调制和解调5.5 All Optical NetworkGrammar英语和汉语一样，都有“一词多义和“一义多词”的特点。例：lightday light日光light weight轻的重量to light the lamp点燃这盏灯专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法Grammar名词的分类译法名词的分类译法1、意译法。专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法Gramm
35、ar名词的分类译法名词的分类译法2、音译法。3、直译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法Grammar名词的分类译法名词的分类译法4、音意兼译法。专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法Grammar名词的分类译法名词的分类译法4、音意兼译法。由人名组成的术语：专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法Grammar名词的分类译法名词的分类译法5、形译法。专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法Grammar名词的分类译法名词的分类译法6、合成词。maser-microwave amplifier with stimulate emission of radiation受激辐射式微波放大器radar-radio detecting and ranging雷达（无线电探测及测距）laser-light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光器（受激辐射式光频放大器）专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法专业英语翻译方法（五）：名词的译法谢谢观赏谢谢观赏