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1、专业英英语-part-6Words and Expressionsaccumulate /kjumjlet/vi.累积；积聚vt.积攒 accumulate experience 获取经验；积累经验 accumulate error 累积误差同义短语：store upactinic /ktnk/adj.光化学的，产生光化作用的 actinic damage 光化损伤Words and Expressionsacid /sd/n.酸；迷幻药adj.酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的 sulfuric acid 硫酸 alkali /lkla/n.碱；可溶性无机盐adj.碱性的 alkali metal 碱金属
2、 alkali resistance 抗碱性Words and Expressionsadjacent /des()nt/adj.邻近的，毗连的 adjacent angles 邻角 adjacent sea 近海airgap /egp/n.空隙，空气隙 airgap effect 气隙效应 airgap discharge 气隙放电 Words and Expressionsanode /nd/n.正极，阳极 anode voltage 阳极电压 anode plate 阳极板cathode /kd/n.负电极，阴极 cathode ray 阴极射线 cathode luminescence
3、 阴极发光Words and Expressionsapochromatization /a:pukrmtzen/n.复消色差，消多色差chromatic /krmtk/adj.彩色的；色品的；易染色的 chromatic aberration 色差；像差 chromatic dispersion 色散chromaticity /,krmtst/n.光 色度，色品；染色性 chromaticity diagram 色度图色品图Words and Expressionsbirefringence /,barfrndns/n.光 双折射 linear birefringence 线性双折射同义短语
4、：double refractionblazed diffraction grating 闪耀衍射光栅blaze /blez/vt.在树皮上刻路标；公开宣布n.火焰，烈火；光辉；情感爆发vi.燃烧；照耀，发光；激发Words and Expressionsbombardment /bmbdm()nt/n.轰炸；炮击 ion bombardment 离子轰击bandgap n.能带隙 direct bandgap 直接带隙 optical bandgap 光学带隙Words and Expressionscarrier concentration电子 载流子浓度 free carrier con
5、centration 自由载流子浓度 carrier concentration distribution 载流子浓度分布compatible /kmptb()l/adj.兼容的；能共处的；可并立的 compatible with 与和谐相处的；与相配的 compatible blood 适合血液Words and Expressionsconduction band 导带valence band价带 dispense/dspens/vt.分配，分发；免除；执行vi.免除，豁免 dispense with 无需；免除；省掉 dispense with a visa 免办签证Words and
6、Expressionsdeposit /dpzt/n.存款；押金；订金；保证金；沉淀物vt.使沉积；存放vi.沉淀 deposit account 存款帐户同词根：deposition 沉积物dichroic /dakrk/adj.二色性的；两向色性的 dichroic film 选色度片分色膜Words and Expressionsdischarge /dstd/vt.解雇；卸下；放出；免除；放电vi.排放；卸货；流出n.排放；卸货；解雇 discharge standard 排放标准 partial discharge 局部放电；部分放电dynode /dand/n.电子 倍增电极；二次
7、放射极 dynode current 倍增极电流Words and Expressionsdonor/dn/n.捐赠者；供者；赠送人；施主，授体adj.捐献的 universal donor 万能输血者 donor level 施主能级acceptor /ksept/n.承兑人；接受者，受主；接收器 acceptor impurity 受主杂质 electron acceptor 电子受体；电子接收体Words and Expressionsefficacy /efks/n.功效，效力 lose efficacy 失效 treatment efficacy 疗效electrode /lektr
8、d/n.电 电极；电焊条 negative electrode 负极阴极 bipolar electrode 双极性电极Words and Expressionsepitaxially /,eptksl/adv.外延地 epitaxially grown 外延生长的 epitaxially growing crystals 外延生长晶体epitaxial /,ptksil/adj.电子 外延的epitaxy /eptks/n.电子 外延；晶体 取向附生，外延附生 epitaxy structure 外延结构 molecular beam epitaxy 分子束外延（MBE）复数 epitaxi
9、esWords and Expressionsetch /et/vt.蚀刻；鲜明地描述；铭记vi.蚀刻n.刻蚀；腐蚀剂 etch back 回蚀，深蚀刻feasible /fizb()l/adj.可行的；可能的；可实行的 feasible solution 可行解释；适宜解 economically feasible 经济上可行的，经济上合算的Words and Expressionsintrinsic /ntrnsk/adj.本质的，固有的，本征的 intrinsic detector 本征探测器 intrinsic defect 内在缺陷，本征缺陷extrinsic/kstrnsk/adj
10、.外在的；外来的；非固有的，非本征的 extrinsic detector 非本征（激发的）探测器Words and Expressionsflexibility/,fleksblt/n.灵活性；弹性；适应性 molecular flexibility 分子柔性 design flexibility 设计灵活度grazing /grez/n.放牧；牧草v.擦过；抓伤（graze的现在分词）grazing incidence 掠入射；切线入射；临界入射 grazing land 牧场；放牧地Words and Expressionsheterostructure /,hetrstrkt/n.电子
11、 异质结构 single heterostructure 单异质结构 heterostructure semiconductor 半导体异质结构homojunction /,humdkn/n.同类结；单质结 homojunction laser 同质结激光器 homojunction solar cell 同质结太阳电池Words and Expressionshomogeneous /,hm()dins/adj.均匀的，同质的；数 齐次的；同类的 homogeneous equation 齐次方程 homogeneous distribution 均匀分布反义词：inhomogeneousi
12、mplantation /,mplnten/n.移植；灌输；鼓吹；注入 ion implantation 离子注入Words and Expressionsimpurity/mpjrt/n.杂质；不纯；不洁 impurity level 杂质能级 impurity element 杂质元素in accordance with 与一致，依照同义短语：according toin turn 轮流，依次同义短语：by turnsWords and Expressionsconjunction /kndkn/n.结合；语 连接词；同时发生 in conjunction with 连同，共同；与协力 i
13、n conjunction 互相协调同近义词：combinationincorporate /nkpret/vt.包含，吸收；体现；把合并vi.合并；混合 adj.合并的；一体化的 incorporate with 合并；混合 incorporate in 包含，并入，合并，加入Words and Expressionsorganic /gnk/adj.有化 有机的；组织的；器官的；根本的 organic chemistry 有机化学 organic polymer 有机高分子，有机聚合物inorganic/ngnk/adj.无化 无机的；无生物的 inorganic compound 无机化
14、合物 inorganic salt 无机盐Words and Expressionsisotropy /astrpi/n.物 各向同性；物 无向性；矿业 均质性 uniform isotropy 均匀各向同性同义词：homogeneousness n.均质性anisotropy /,nastrp/n.物 各向异性 magnetic anisotropy 磁各向异性 crystal anisotropy 晶体各向异性Words and Expressionsisotropic /,as()trpk/adj.物数 各向同性的；等方性的 isotropic etching 各向同性刻蚀anisotr
15、opic /,nas()trpk/adj.物 各向异性的；物 非均质的 anisotropic material 各向异性材料Words and Expressionslattice /lts/n.晶体 晶格；格子；格架vt.使成格子状 crystal lattice 晶格，晶体点阵 lattice model 点阵模型；晶格模型luminance /lumn()ns/n.光电子 亮度；光 发光性；光明 background luminance 背景亮度 high luminance 高亮度illuminance n.照度Words and Expressionsminiaturization
16、 /,mntrazen/n.小型化，微型化 miniaturization sensor 小型化传感器 instruments miniaturization 仪器小型化monolithic /mnlk/adj.整体的；巨石的，庞大的；完全统一的n.单块集成电路，单片电路 monolithic processor 单片处理机 monolithic filter 单片滤波器Words and Expressionsmultiplier /mltpla/n.数 乘数；电子 倍增器；增加者；繁殖者 electron multiplier 电子倍增管phototube /fttjub/n.电子 光电管
17、；光电器 multiplier phototubes 光电倍增管 microwave phototube 微波电管Words and Expressionsneutralization /,njutrlazen/n.化学 中和；化学 中和作用；中立状态 neutralization reaction 中和反应 neutralization test 中和试验photoconductive detector 光电导探测器photoconductive effect 光电导效应Words and Expressionsphotovoltaic /,ftvltek/adj.电子 光电伏特的，光电的
18、photovoltaic effect 光生伏特效应 photovoltaic devices 光伏器件polaroid /pol,rd/n.人造偏光板；光 偏振片 polaroid glasses 偏光眼镜同义短语：polarizing filmWords and Expressionsreverse bias 反向偏压synthesize /snsaz/vt.合成；综合vi.合成；综合 synthesize treatment 综合治疗Words and Expressionsterminology /,tmnld/n.术语，术语学；用辞 technical terminology 专门词
19、汇 scientific terminology 科学术语tetrahedral /,tetrhidrl/adj.四面体的；有四面的 tetrahedral symmetry 正四面体对称性Words and Expressionstransducer /trnzdjus/n.自 传感器，电子 变换器，电子 换能器 piezoelectric transducer 压电转换器，压电传感器 active transducer 有源传感器waveguide /wevgad/n.电子 波导 optical waveguide 光波导6.1.1 Optical Glasses光学玻璃lGlass is
20、 defined as an inorganic product of fusion cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing.It is obtained from a melt thatthat is cooled in such a way that the molecular structure is irregular over long ranges,although it may be quite regular over a number of interatomic spaces.玻璃定义为一种熔融冷却到没有结晶的刚性
21、状态下的无机产物。它是从熔体中获得的，这种熔体的冷却方式使分子结构在很长一段距离内都是不规则的，尽管在许多原子之间空间排布上可能是相当规则的。6.1 Optical Media6.1.2 Crystalline Optical Media晶态光学介质lAs optical media,crystals are much less popular than glasses for the obvious reason that they are far more difficult to manufacture in large size.Their use is invariably moti
22、vated by the need for characteristics not readily obtainable in glass.作为光学介质，晶体没有玻璃受欢迎，原因很明显，它们制造大尺寸的难度要大得多。他们的使用总是受到不容易在玻璃中获得的特性的需求的驱使。6.1 Optical Media6.1.3 Optical Plastics光学塑料lAs the manufacturing technology of plastic materials advanced sufficiently to permit good stability and casting precisio
23、n,these materials became increasingly significant as economical optical media.（随着）塑料材料的制造技术的发展，使其具有良好的稳定性和铸造精度，这些材料作为经济光学介质变得越来越重要。6.1 Optical MedialSpectral filters are devices used to modify the(spectral)transmittance of an optical system.They may be made of a homogeneous material with appropriate
24、 spectral absorption characteristics,or use other optical phenomenon,such as multiple-beam interference or optical anisotropy,to effect the modification.光学滤光片是用来修改光学系统（光谱）透光率的装置。它们可以是由具有适当光谱吸收特性的均匀材料制成，或利用其他光学现象，如多束干涉或光学各向异性，已达到修改的目的。6.2 Spectral Filters6.2.1 Filtering Characteristics滤波特性lFilters wh
25、ose spectral characteristics change from transmitting to reflecting at a certain wavelength are called dichroic,that is,they are short-pass in transmittance and long-pass in reflection,or vice versa.滤光片的光谱特性在一定波长上从透射到反射的转变称为二色性，也就是说，它们是在透光方面短通，在反射方面长通，反之亦然。6.2 Spectral Filters6.2.1 Filtering Charact
26、eristics滤波特性lThe characteristics of band-pass filters are often defined in terms of the half-peak transmittance points,that is,the wavelength values at which the transmittance has dropped to half its peak value.带通滤光片的特征通常是用半峰透光率来定义的，也就是说，透光率下降到峰值的一半时对应的波长值。6.2 Spectral Filters6.2.2 Absorption Filter
27、s吸收滤光片lAbsorption filters are made by dissolving in glass dyes or metal ions that cause light to be absorbed over certain spectral regions.吸收滤光片是通过溶解在玻璃染料或金属离子中制作的，他们会使光线在某些光谱区域吸收。6.2 Spectral Filters6.2.3 Thin-Film Filters薄膜滤光片lThe popular simple interference filter is essentially a Fabry-Perot eta
28、lon,where the spacer is a thin layer of dielectric material deposited by evaporation between two layers of partially reflecting metallic coating.现流行的简单干涉滤光片本质上是一个法布里-珀罗标准具，其中垫片是一层薄薄的绝缘材料，通过在两层部分反射的金属涂层之间蒸发沉积而成。6.2 Spectral Filters6.2.4 Miscellaneous Filter各种各样的滤光片lIn general,polarized light passing
29、through birefringent material changes its state of polarization.The rate of change is proportional to the wave number of the light,inverse proportional to the wavelength,when dispersion effects are neglected.一般来说，偏振光穿过双折射材料会改变其极化状态。当忽略色散效应时，变化率与光的波数成正比，与波长成反比。6.2 Spectral FilterslIdeally,all the com
30、ponents of an integrated optics subsystem,including light sources,light guides,modulators,couplers,and detectors,would be developed integrally on a single substrate,resulting in monolithic integrated optics.在理想的情况下，集成光学子系统的所有组件，包括光源、光导、调节器、耦合器和检测器，都将集成在一个单一的基板上，从而形成单片集成光学（系统）。6.3 Integrated OpticslM
31、any of the techniques developed in semiconductor electronics industry,such as photolithographic masking,crystal growing,ion implantation,etc.,are suitable in the manufacturing of integrated optics components and systems,as well.半导体电子工业中所开发的许多技术，如光刻掩模、晶体生长、离子注入等，都适用于集成光学元件和系统的制造。6.3 Integrated Optics
32、6.3.1 Manufacturing制造lThe channels of integrated optics may be produced either by the deposition of one material onto a substrate of some other material,or by modifying volume elements on the surface of the substrate,or inside it,by physical or chemical processes.集成光学的通道可以通过将一种材料沉积到其他材料的基底上，或者通过物理或化
33、学处理过程修改基底表面或内部的体积单元来产生。6.3 Integrated Optics6.3.2 Propagation in a Waveguide波导管中的传播lGuiding light within thin film and along small channels is a major function in integrated optics.These films and channels are then said to serve as optical waveguides.在薄膜和小通道内引导光线是集成光学的主要功能。这些薄膜和通道被称为光学波导6.3 Integrat
34、ed Optics6.3.3 Coupling of Wave Energy波能耦合lThe transfer of light from one component to another is done via radiation coupling.This occurs when light from a radiation source is introduced into an optical waveguide and when it is transferred from the waveguide to the detector.将光从一个组件传递到另一个组件是通过辐射耦合完成的
35、。当将来自辐射源的光引入到光波导中，以及它从波导传输到检测器时，就会发生这种情况。6.3 Integrated Optics6.3.3 Coupling of Wave Energy波能耦合lMore efficient methods of coupling are based on techniques in which electromagnetic flux runs parallel to the guide and gradually leaks into it.更为有效的耦合方法是基于电磁通量与波导平行，并逐渐渗透其中的技术。6.3 Integrated Optics6.3.4
36、Components组件Waveguides、Light sources、Lenses and prisms、Modulators、DetectorslAn optical waveguide consists of an extended region of relatively high refractive index and low attenuation surrounded by media of lower refractive index,so that electromagnetic waves can propagate in it with reasonable smal
37、l absorption and radiation losses.一种光波导由较高的折射率和被低折射率包围的低衰减的扩展区域组成，因此电磁波可以在具有合理的弱吸收和辐射损耗的光波导中传播。6.3 Integrated Optics6.3.4 Components组件Waveguides、Light sources、Lenses and prisms、Modulators、DetectorslThe light passing through the integrated optical system may be modulated in accordance with an applied
38、 electrical signal by means of any of the basic techniqueselectrooptic,magnetooptic,or acoustoopticused for high-frequency modulation in the usual optical system.通过集成光学系统的光，可以通过任何一种基本技术，根据应用的电信号进行调制，如电光、磁光或声光技术，这些技术用于一般光学系统中的高频调制。6.3 Integrated Optics6.4.1 Phototubes光电管6.4.2 Gaseous Amplification an
39、d Gas Photodiodes气体放大和气体光电二极管lThe construction must allow the light to strike the photocathode and permit the collection of most of the photoelectrons onto the first dynode at an energy appropriate for the desired multiplication ratio.这种结构必须允许光照射到光电阴极上，并允许将大部分的光电子以一定能量收集到第一个倍增电极上，以达到所需的倍增率。6.4 Photo
40、electric and Thermal Detectors6.4.3 Photoconductive Detectors光（电）导探测器6.4.4 Image Detectors图像探测器lIn many of these devices,the optical image is first converted into an electron image,that is,an electron cloud whose density distribution follows that of the optical irradiation distribution.在许多这样的装置中，首先将
41、光学图像转换成电子图像，也就是说，电子云的密度分布遵循光辐射分布。6.4 Photoelectric and Thermal Detectors6.4.5 Thermal Detectors热探测器lIn principle,any substance having a measurable physical characteristic that changes in a predictable manner with temperature can be used as a thermal radiation detector.原则上讲，任何具有可测量的物理特性的物质，以可预测的方式改变温
42、度，都可以用作热辐射探测器。6.4 Photoelectric and Thermal Detectors6.4.6 Comparison of Detectors探测器对比lEspecially in applications where it is desirable to operate without an external power supply,the photovoltaic or photoelectromagnetic modes of operation of the photoconductor will make it the preferred device.特别是
43、在不需要外部电源的应用中，光电导元件以光电或光电磁模式工作将使其成为首选设备。6.4 Photoelectric and Thermal DetectorsGrammar状语从句根据它的含义可分为9类：时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、让步、比较或对比。在汉译时，有些状语从句可以改性，译为其他状语从句，如时间或地点状语从句改译为条件状语从句等。专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法GrammarAs soon as the current has reached a constant value,the induced electromotive
44、force disappears.电流一达到恒定值，感生电动势就消失。（时间）When steam passes over red-hot iron,iron oxide and hydrogen form.当蒸汽从炽热的铁上通过时，就会生成氧化铁和氢气。（时间转化为条件）专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法GrammarThe materials are excellent for use where the value of the workpieces is not so high.如果加工件价值不高，最好使用这些材料。（地点改为条件）The me
45、chanical efficiency of an engine is always less than 100 percent because losses in form of friction are inevitable.一台发动机的机械效率总是小于100%，因为摩擦损失是不可避免的。（原因）专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法GrammarNow that you are all ready,we had better start the engine at once.既然你们都准备好了，我们最好立刻就启动发动机。（原因）Should some
46、thing go wrong,the control rod would drop.万一发生什么事故，控制杆就会落下来。（条件）专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法GrammarWorkers should operate the machines as the instructions specify.工人们应该按照说明书的规定操作机器。（方式）Steel parts are usually greased lest they should rust.钢制零件通常涂以油脂，防止生锈。（目的）专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：
47、状语从句的译法Grammar The induced emf(Electromotive Force)is in such a direction that it opposes the change of current.感应电动势的方向是阻止电流发生变化的那个方向。（结果改译为表语）Although the factory is small,its products are of very good quality.这座工厂虽小，但是它的产品质量却很好。（让步）专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法Grammar The thicker is the wire,the smaller is the resistence.导线越粗，电阻越小。（比较）专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法专业英语翻译方法（六）：状语从句的译法谢谢大家！结结 语语