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1、普陀区2022学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1 .考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2 .本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做 在试卷上一律不得分。3 .答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在 答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of e
2、ach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
3、1. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. An agent. D. A businessman.2. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a supermarket. D. In a museum.3. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is well decorated.C. Il is disappointing. D. Il is inconvenient.4. A. On July 7th. B. On July 8th. C. On July 9th. D. On July 10th.5. A
4、. She found no one on the stage. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasnt interested in the show. D. She didnt get a favorable seat.6. A. The man often cats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The man doesnt eat breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesnt serve lunch.7. A. Sell
5、ing onions. B. Planting vegetables.C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. Theres a traffic jam on Broadway Street.C. The man is reading the news on air. D. A vehicle is polluting the air seriously.9. A. The movie is good except the bad ending. B. The movie won an
6、 award.C. She agrees with the mans comments. D. She doesnt like the special effects.面。根据上文44 Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products0所有的这些服饰都是“以廉价服装的形 式”生产出来的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个行业已经成为世界上最成功也是最具破坏性的行业之一。A. effective有 效的；B.的structive破坏性的;C. preventive预防性的;D. alternative可供替代的。根据前文
7、“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most 1 to the planet, is having a moment of punishmentn 以及 后文“But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in 9 with fundamental environmental limits”可知虽然服装成功地占据了人们的衣柜，但是对环境造成的影响是破坏性的。故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过三十年的持续增长，该模式与基本环境限制相冲突，而
8、且业界普遍认为， 是时候踩刹车了。A. quarrel争吵;B. argument论点;C. fight战斗;D. conflict冲突。根据后文“there is widespread agreement - even from within the industry - that it is time to 10. Otherwise, “Fast fashion creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible placen 可知时尚行业的快速发展和环 境保护有冲突。故选D项。【30题详
9、解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. tell the truth.说实话;B. hit the brakes踩下制动器；C. pave the way铺 设道路；D. break the icc 打破僵局。根据后文 Otherwise,4 Fast fashion creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible placen可知是时候停止时尚行业这样的快速发展。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：时尚产业代表了一个关键的环境威胁。A.lhreat威胁；B. effect效果；
10、C. problem 问题；D. protection 保护。根据前文 “Otherwise, Fast fashion5 creates a mountain of unsellable, che 叩 clothing that ends up in a terrible place.可知快时尚产业对环境造成造成的影响己经不仅仅是环境问题那么简单，已 经严重到成为一个巨大的威胁。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。A. results from 由 产生；B. consists of 由 组成:C. brings about
11、 导致：D. relies on 依赖。根据下文“ ihe total abandonment oflhefasl-fashionmodel.”可知，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:和快餐一样,快速时尚也都是廉价的即时满足感。A. ambition野心；B. action 动作；C. satisfaction 满足;D. attraction 吸引力。根据下文“learn to control your desires and _15_falling into this Tast fashion lifestyle可知这种欲望得
12、到廉价的满足。故选C项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们能做些什么？你没有穿衣服吗？不是那么糟糕。A. far远的；B. extreme 极端的;C.bad坏的;D. complex复杂的。根据前文“Dont you have any clothes on?”可知不穿衣服很糟糕。 故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，不要浪费，学会控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种“快时尚”的生 活方式。A. enjoy 享受;B. imagine 想象;C. miss 错过;D. avoid 避免。根据前文learn to control your desires” 可知要控制自
13、己的欲望，避免陷入这种生活方式。故选D项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have
14、just read.(A)Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest, daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens. Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, acc
15、ording to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.Newly published research from RUSH in (he journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. One specifically is a change to sleep b
16、iology that happens during adolescence. Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier fbr the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teens body. Because of this complex conflict, RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention
17、 that targets the circadian(昼夜节律 的)system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings fbr a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal
18、 clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for (he teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up fbr sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime, like limiting certain after-sch
19、ool activities.Researchers were able to shift the teens bedtime by an hour and a half earlier, and their total sleep time increased by approximately an hour. The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier, Crowley said. And the teens who had an earl
20、ier circadian clock didnt need lo be shifted any earlier. They just needed （he behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration. The researchers also found the teens in the inten ention group were less tired, and less angry, and they exhibited better
21、 concentration. The students morning attention improved as well.36. According to the author, whats the major sleeping problem in teens?A. Most teens circadian clocks have changed.B. Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.C. loo much sleep affects teens academic performance.D. Teens have to ge
22、t more sleep in order to go to school.37. Whats the authors purpose of mentioning two competing forces?A. To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.B. To emphasize the significance of teens night-time routine.C. To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sle
23、ep.D. To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.38. What can we learn about the bright light therapy?A. It makes teens go through many different changes.B. It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.C. It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.D
24、. It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.39. What is the best title of the passage?A. Teens Sleeping TimeB. Helping Teens Get More SleepC. Experiment on Teens BehaviorD. Improving Teens Concentration【答案】36.B37. A 38. D 39. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大多数青少年的睡眠时间不够8小时，研究人员为了让青少年 获得更多的睡眠，开展了一系列的研究
25、。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 u Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per nighl to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.（根据美国国家睡眠基金会的数据，尽管青少年每晚需要8到10小时的睡眠来保持身体健康、 情绪健康和学业表现，但大多数青少年的睡眠时间
26、不到8小时）”可知，青少年的主要睡眠问题是大多数青 少年的睡眠时间少于8小时。故选Bo【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “ Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can gel more shut-eye. There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,“ said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. One specifically is a change to sleep biology that h
27、appens during adolescence. Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a leens body.”（RUSH在睡眠杂志上最新发表的研究揭示了青少年如何获得更多睡眠。”青少年会经历很 多变化， Stephanie J. Crowley博士说。“其中一个特别的变化是发生在青春期的睡眠生物学变化。”克劳 利说
28、：“有两种相互竞争的力量：一种是为了学校安排早点睡觉，另一种是青少年身体自然发生的生理变 化可推知，作者提到两种相互竞争的力量的目的是为了强调青少年生物钟变化的重要性。故选A。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier
29、. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate lime.（为了解决青少年睡眠不足的问题， 研究人员在周末的两个早晨使用强光疗法，共计2.5小时。明亮的光线有助于生物钟早一点醒来。这种转 变会让青少年更容易在适当的时间入睡）”可知，强光疗法确实有助于青少年养成良好的睡眠模式。故选Do 【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents c
30、an get more shut-eye.（ RUSH在睡眠杂志上最新发表的研究揭示了青少年如何获得更多睡眠）”可知， B选项“帮助青少年获得更多的睡眠”最符合文章标题。故选B。(B)Top HeadlinesLayover or Nonstop? Unique Pattern ofConnectivity Lets Hiqhlv Creative PeoplesBrains Take Road Less Traveled to TheirDestinationMar. new study shows highly creative peoples brains appear to work
31、differently than others, with an atypical approach that makes distant connections.Researchers Develop Real-Time LyricOctober 14, 20229Mar. 14, 2022 .esearchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of sparkin
32、g .Teaching Pupils Empathy Measurably Improves TheirCreative AbilitiesFeb. 2, 2021 .eaching children in a way that encouragesGeneration Technolonv to Inspire Sone Writing(hem (o empathize with others measurably improves (heirAug. 10, 2021 .usic artists can find inspiration andcreativity, and could p
33、otentially lead to several othernew creative directions for their song writing with .beneficial learning outcomes, new research .Latest Headlinesupdated 11:02pm EDTAha! + Aaaah: Creative Insighl Triggers? Creativity Assessments for Studentsa Neural Reward Signal? Use Your Trams Emotions to Boost Cre
34、ativityApr. 9, 2020. new neuroimaging study points to an? Pleasuring Creativity, One Word at a Timeanswer of what may have driven the evolutionary? Creative Insight Triqgers a Neural Reward Signaldevelopment of.? Where in the Brain Does Creativity Come From? Caffeine Boosts Problcm-Solvinq AbilityWh
35、ats the passage mainly about?A. News on teaching.B. News on creativity.C. News on technology.D. News on caffeine.40. Which headline as follows is suitable for Mar. 14, 2022?A. More Methods Help You CreativeB. Many Ways Help You SucceedC. Anyone Can Be CreativeD. Everyone Can Be Stimulated41. Which o
36、f the following is true according to the passage?A. Highly creative people work differently than others.B. Anyone can find inspiration and new ways to create.C. Encouraging kids to help others is a way to improve their creativity.D. A new neuroimaging study leads to human creativity.【答案】40. B 41. C
37、42. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了一项关于创造力的研究。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据文中”.ew study shows highly creative peoples brains appear to work differently than others, with an atypical approach that makes distant connections.(一项新的研究表明,极具创造力的人的大脑似乎与 其他人的工作方式不同，他们采用了一种非典型的方法来建立遥远的联系)”可知，这篇文章的主要内 容是关于创造力的新闻。故选及41题详解】细节理解题。根据
38、October 14, 2022 部分中”.earchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of sparking .（研究人 员 已经开发出一 种新的方法来训练人们的创造力，这种方法显示出比目前激发创造力的方法更好的成功前景）”可知，人们 的创造力是可以通过训练的来的。故“人人都可以创造力”标题适合2022年3月14日。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据文中 “
39、 .ching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others measurably improves their creativity, and could potentially lead to several other beneficial learning outcomes, new research . （新的研究表明，以一种鼓励他们与他人共情的方式教育孩子，可以显着地提高他们的创造力，并可能导致 其他几种有益的学习结果）”推知，鼓励孩子帮助他人是提高他们创造力的一种方式。故选C。（C）Wildlife
40、 populations around the world arc facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index （LPI）, produced by the Zoological Society of London （ZSL）, reveals that studied populations
41、 of mammals, birds, reptiles （爬行动4勿）and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018. based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate （脊椎动物）species. Mark Wright of WWF says th
42、e degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. vWc arc not seeing any really positive signs that wc arc beginning to bend the curve of nature, he says.Amazon pink river dolphinFreshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an avera
43、ge decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, sonic of the most biodiverse regions of the world arc seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and
44、south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching （偷猎）.In December, governments from around the w
45、orld will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP 15 BiodiversityFramework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a oncc-in-a-dccadc opportunity thats coming up,“ says Robin Freeman of
46、ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on meaningful, well measurable targets and goals. We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order fbr us to see a meaningful action,
47、says Freeman. But some researchers are critical of the LPTs use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be misunderstood.The findings dont mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half
48、show a declining trend. t4I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to fbcus on specific species or populations,n says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. 4iAll of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,“ says Wright.42. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean?A. Loving and protecting nature.B. Presen ing the diversity of nature.C. Underestimating the benefits of nature.D.