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1、-.-优选高中英语八大时态全套精讲英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以 study为例)：时态一般时进展时完成时完成进展时现在studybe studyinghave studiedhave been studying过去studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have be
2、en studying.1 一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语：every,sometimes,at,on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus
3、proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比拟：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示X 性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now 是进展时的标志，表示正在进
4、展的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。二.构成及变化1、be 动词的变化肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否认句：主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Are you a student-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike 2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after sc
5、hool.否认句：主语+dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+其它 如：Do you often play basketball after school l Yes,we do./No,we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以 do 开头的一般疑问句 如：What do you often do after school 当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does 肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如：He swims well.否认句：主语+doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He do
6、esnt swim well.-.-优选一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以 does开头的一般疑问句 如：How does your father go to work 三、第三人称单数的动词变化规那么(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs .(2)结尾是 s,x,sh,ch,o,前为辅音字母,结尾加 es:watches teaches goes do
7、es washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将 y 改为 i 加 es:studystudies flyflies carrycarries cry cries 但在 y 前如果为元音那么直接加s:buys says 2 一般过去时的用法1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 yesterday morning(afternoon,evening)last night(week,month,year),a moment ago,a week ag
8、o,three years ago just now,等。Where did you go just now 2)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/used to do 表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。He used to visit
9、 his mother once a week.他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。3)有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。情态动词could,would.例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car 我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？Would you mind my sitting here 您介意我坐在这里吗？典型例题-Your phone number again I _ quite catch it.-Its 69568442.A.didnt B.couldnt C.dont D.cant 答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间
10、状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。二、构成及变化1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有 was或 were 的句子，其否认、疑问的变化和is,am,are 一样，即否认句在was 或 were后加 not，一般疑问句把was或 were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句：主语+动词的过去式.I watched a film last Sunday.否认句：主语+didn t+动词原形.-.-优选I
11、didn t watch a film last Sunday.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形 Did you watch a film last Sunday Yes,I did.No,I didn t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以 did 开头的一般疑问句 What did you do last Sunday 3、现在进展时(be doing)一、意义当表示现在正在进展的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志 now，句前的look,listen 二、构成:be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词-ing 形式肯定句：主语+be+现在分词V-ing(+其他)Im doing my homework
12、now.否认句：主语+be+not+动词-ing+其他.Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing+其他 Are you doing your home work now Yes,I am.No,Im not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他 What are you doing now 三、现在分词的构成：(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加 ing，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have ha
13、ving ride riding e ing(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如：putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四、现在进展时的根本用法：a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b.习惯进展：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进展。Mr.Green is writing another novel.(
14、说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)C.表示方案或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用Mike is ing home on Thursday.迈克星期四回来d.与 always,constantly,forever,often 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例题My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A.has lost,dont find B.is missing,dont fin
15、d C.has lost,havent found D.is missing,havent found.-.-优选4 过去进展时(was/were doing)1概念：过去进展时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进展的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进展的动作2过去进展时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3)常用的时间状语this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while It was raining when they left the
16、station.When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.典型例题1)Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 2)As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.read；was falling B.was reading；fell C.was reading；was falling D.read；fell 一、过去进展时构造：was/were+动词的现在分词否认句那么在wa
17、s/were 后加一个not,疑问句将was/were 提前那么可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday(Yes,he was./No,he wasnt.)What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday 二、过去进展时用法：1.过去进展时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进展的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如：justthen 那时，当时at this/that t
18、ime 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午at nine 在九点 last night 昨晚 at this time yesterday在昨天这个时候但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。What were you doing at nine last night 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？I was watching TVat home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看电视。They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。2.过去进展时
19、也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进展的动作。常与those days,the whole morning,from 8:00 to 12:00 last night 等时间状语连用。1From 1983 to 1998,he was teaching at Yale.从 1983到 1998 年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。2They were building a bridgelast winter.去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。(3)He was writing a book those days.那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进展时与频度副词always forever，continually，cons
20、tantly 等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。-.-优选My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)He was always helping others.(表示赞扬)4.过去进展时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进展时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进展时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。She asked him if he was ing back for lunch.她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。5、过去进展时和一般过去时的区别。1过去进展时表示过去某时正在进展的动作，而一般过去时那么表
21、示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进展时，那么强调动作的连续性。I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我写了一封信。信写完了I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在写一封信。信不一定写完(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如 be，like，love，hate，fear，own，hear，see，know，want，notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进展时。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food
22、.我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。(3)一般过去时与always，constantly，forever，continually 等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作;而过去进展时与always，constantly，forever，continually 等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如：He always got up at six.他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想到工作。7 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进展时：(1).表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at s
23、ix oclock every day that week.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。(2).与 always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always ing to school late.约翰上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.雷锋总是为人民做好事。(4)when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进展时，when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were
24、playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。(5)go,e,leave,start,arrive 等动词可用过去进展时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去*。She was ing later.她随后就来。三、when,while 的用法when 和 while 与过去进展时有着密切的关系，他们作附属连词时都有“当.时候之意，用法稍有不同：when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而 while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是
25、延续性动词。when 引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词那么用一般过去时，主句是延续性动词那么用过去进展时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内长动作用过去进展时，短动作用一般过去时；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词那么全部用过去进展时,这时 when 和 while 都可以用。when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while 和 as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。-.-优选when 和 while 两个词还可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when 相当于“在那时，等于 at that time 或 just then;而 while 那么相当于“而
26、；却；但是；相当于 but,表示比照关系。这一点暂时可以不掌握eg.I was playing puter games when my father got home.=When my father got home,I was playing puter games.(2)Mother was cookingwhen/while I was doing my homework.=When/While I was doing my homework,mother was cooking.过去进展时稳固练习：聪明的你一定能全部做对1 Simon _(make)a model plane at 8
27、:00 a.m.2 Peter _(do)his homework at seven last night.3 They _(watch)a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.4 He _(try)to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5 What book _ you _(read)when I _(see)you at four yesterday afternoon 6 While she _(watch)TV,her son _(play)outside the room.7
28、It _(begin)to rain while we _(work)in the field.8 I _(do)my homework last night when the light _(go)out.go out 意为熄灭 9 I saw you in the reading room yesterday,Tom.What were you doing-Oh,I _(read)some books on science.10.Girls _(dance)while boys _(sing)at the party.11.-Did you see Tim just now-Yes.He
29、_(fish)by the river.12.When the teacher _(e)into the classroom,the students _ laughloudly.5 一般将来时一、意义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。时间标志：tomorrow,soon,next Monday,next year,next weekend,this afternoon,this evening 二.构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种构造when+短/延while+延-.-优选be going to+动词原形:表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的
30、事。shall/will+动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的方案性,还用来表示意愿 be going to+动词原形肯定句主语+be(am/,is,/are)going to+动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐准备明年学英语。否认句主语+be(am/is/are)not going to+动词原形+其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。一般疑问句Be(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份 Is
31、 your father going to play basketball with you 你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗No,he isnt.不。.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.春节你打算在哪过.注意:be going to 构造后面习惯上不跟go，e 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进展时形式表示。如:Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.will/shall+动词原形(在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will)1
32、.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份(shall)write to him next week.下周我将给他写信。2.否认句主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句will/shall+主语+动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗 4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句When will your father be back 你爸爸什么时侯回来 三、附:Shall I/we
33、 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用 Will you 他们的答复比拟灵活。1.Shall we go to the park 肯定 Sure,let s go.否认No,lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please e to my birthday party next week 肯定 Yes,I will./Sure.否认Im sorry.Im afraid I can t.四、时间标志：tomorrow,soon,next Monday,next year,next weekend,this afternoon,this ev
34、ening 1)shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening 2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow b.方案，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有迹象要发生的事-.-优选Look at the dark c
35、louds,there is going to be a storm.3)be+不定式表将来，按方案或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与 tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5 be going to/will 用于条件句时，be going to 表将来will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey
36、,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror 6 be to 和 be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或方案。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow after
37、noon.(主观安排).7 一般现在时表将来1以下动词：e,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes.2倒装句，表示动作正在进展，如：Here es the bus.=The bus is ing.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.3在时间或条件句中。When Bill es(不是 w
38、ill e),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4在动词hope,take care that,make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用现在进展时表示将来意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为e,go,start,arrive,leave,stay 等。Im leaving tomorro
39、w.Are you staying here till next week 6.过去将来时(would do)1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning,year),the following month(week),etc.3.根本构造：was/were/going to+do；would/should+do.4.否认形式：was/were/not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.5.一般疑问句：was或 were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said h
40、e would go to Beijing the(1)过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形构成。would 常缩略为 d。(2)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语-.-优选从句中。如：I didnt know if she would e。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。过去将来时也可以用“was(were)going to+动词原形来表示。如：Ididnt know if she was going to e。Wang Lei said t
41、hat she was going to visit 7 现在完成时(have/has done)用法 1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词：already,yet,just,ever,never,before 用法 2：表示：过去已经开场，持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：for,since,since ago 根本构造：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have)1)肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词2)否认式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词3)一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词Yes,
42、主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否认)4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词例句 1.过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。如：1)I have finished my homework.我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开场做，到现在已完成)2)He has already e 他已经来了。(过去某时开场离开某地到这来，现在已在这。)2.表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。如：1)I have studied English for six years.我已经学了六年英语了。(六年前开场学英语，一直学到现在,也可能继续学也
43、可能就此不学了。)2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990.我从 1990年就在*住。(从 1990 年开场住在*一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。)注意 1)当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或 since引导的状语。例如：I ve known Li Li for 4 years.我认识丽丽已经4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago.自从 8 年前我就在这工作。注意 2)当在肯定陈述句中含有already或 just 时，在转换成否认句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.
44、。例如：I have already seen the film.-I haven t seen the film yet.He has just e.He hasn t e yet 使用时考前须知1.“have/has got 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/has 为同一意思“有。如：Have you got pen-friends Yes,I have.你有笔友吗 是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do No,he hasn t.他有许多工作要做吗不，他没有。2.have/has gone to、have/has been to 和 have/has
45、been in 的区别have/has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用如：He has been to Shenyang before.他以前曾去过*。-.-优选He has been in Shenyang for ten years.他在*10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang 他去*了吗 3.have/has been to常和 once,twice,never,ever连用;have/has gone to 那么不可。例如:Ha
46、s Tom ever been to Paris 汤姆去过巴黎吗 Yes,he s been there several times.是的，他去过好几次了。Where have they gone 他们去哪里了 They ve gone to Shenyang.他们去*了。4.非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语的句型中。这类动词有：e,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop 等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。例如：arrive,e be here,be in buy have begin
47、,start be on;die be dead finish,end be over go out be out join be in borrow keep finish/end be over close be closed leave,move be away;fall asleep be asleep 10 比拟过去时与现在完成时1过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,la
48、st week，ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,不确定的时间状语3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词
49、有e,go,leave,start,die,finish,bee,get married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.强调看的动作发生过了。I have seen this film.强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。Why did you get up so early 强调起床的动作已发生过了。Who hasnt handed in his paper 强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in th
50、e League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)-.-优选He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。)I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr.White-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词如yesterday,last,week,in 1960 时，不能使用现在完成时