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1、培训内容培训内容学科课程标准与教材学科课程标准与教材 （2 2学时）学时）学科知识及教学设计学科知识及教学设计 （2 2学时）学时）The National English CurriculunnELT Reform in ChinanCurriculum Goals and Lesson ObjectivesnInstruction:PrinciplesnCurriculum Instruction:Interactive TeachingnCurriculum Instruction&Video ShowsnInstruction Lesson PlannCurriculum Instru
2、ction:TBLTnCurriculum Resources&Use of TextbooknLearner AssessmentSection OneELT Reform in ChinaNecessity and significance of the curriculum reform in basic educationnExternal factor:Development of our countrynInternal factor:existing problems in basic education-teaching objectives:examination and q
3、ualities-course content:use and usage-teaching methods:roles of teachers and learners-learner evaluation:process and productNecessity and significance of the curriculum reform in basic educationA shift from school education to life-long educationfrom teaching to learning from the top students to all
4、 studentsfrom subject-centered and teacher-centered to discipline-integrated and learner-centeredfrom test score-oriented evaluation to multiple means evaluationNecessity and significance of the curriculum reform in basic educationA shift from Uni-source of information-multi-source of informationTra
5、nsmitting knowledge-constructing knowledgeTeacher as authority-teacher as guide and supporterTeaching as a job-teaching as a professionStudents as passive receivers-students as active performersLearning in school-learning in life career Necessity and significance of the curriculum reform in basic ed
6、ucationnIn ELT,a shift from Teaching methodology to learning strategiesUsage to useSubject matter learning to all-round developmentTest scores to daily performanceGoals in curriculum reformn目标之一目标之一 改变课程过于注重知识传授改变课程过于注重知识传授的倾向，强调形成积极主动的倾向，强调形成积极主动的学习态度，使获得知识与的学习态度，使获得知识与技能的过程成为学会学习和技能的过程成为学会学习和形成正确价
7、值观的过程。形成正确价值观的过程。Goals in curriculum reformn目标之二目标之二 改变课程结构过于强调学科本位、改变课程结构过于强调学科本位、科目过多和缺乏整合的现状，九年科目过多和缺乏整合的现状，九年一贯整体设计课程门类和课时比例、一贯整体设计课程门类和课时比例、设置综合课程、适应不同地区和学设置综合课程、适应不同地区和学生发展的需求，体现课程结构的均生发展的需求，体现课程结构的均衡性、综合性和选择性。衡性、综合性和选择性。Goals in curriculum reformn目标之三目标之三 改变课程内容繁、难、偏、旧和过于注改变课程内容繁、难、偏、旧和过于注重书本
8、知识的现状，加强课程内容与学重书本知识的现状，加强课程内容与学生生活以及现代社会、科技发展的联系，生生活以及现代社会、科技发展的联系，关注学生的学习兴趣和经验，精选终身关注学生的学习兴趣和经验，精选终身学习必备的基础知识和技能。学习必备的基础知识和技能。Goals in curriculum reformn目标之四目标之四 改变过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机改变过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状，倡导学生主动参与、乐械训练的现状，倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手，培养学生搜集和处于探究、勤于动手，培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力、获取新知识的能力、分理信息的能力、获取新知识的能力、分析
9、和解决问题的能力，以及交流与合作析和解决问题的能力，以及交流与合作的能力。的能力。Goals in curriculum reformn目标之五目标之五 改变过分强调评价的甄别改变过分强调评价的甄别与选拔的功能，发挥评价与选拔的功能，发挥评价促进学生发展、教师提高促进学生发展、教师提高和改进教学实践的功能。和改进教学实践的功能。Goals in curriculum reformn目标之六目标之六 改变课程管理过于集中的状况，改变课程管理过于集中的状况，实行实行国家、地方、学校国家、地方、学校三级课程三级课程管理，增强课程对地方、学校及管理，增强课程对地方、学校及学生的适应性。学生的适应性。E
10、ducational beliefs in curriculum reformnCurriculum standards in compulsory educationn面向全体学生，注重素质教育n整体设计目标，体现灵活开放n突出学生主体，尊重个体差异n采用灵活途径，倡导体验参与n注重过程评价，促进学生发展n开发课程资源，拓展学用渠道Educational beliefs in curriculum reformnCurriculum standards in senior high school educationn重视共同基础,构建发展平台;n提供多种选择,适应个性需求;n优化学习方式,提
11、高自主学习能力;n关注学生情感,提高人文素养;n完善评价体系,促进学生不断发展。Question for discussionnWhat are the existing problems in ELT in China in terms of the teaching objectives,teaching contents,teaching methods,as well as testing and evaluation?Section TwoCurriculum Goals and Lesson ObjectivesCurriculum goalsnRedefining English
12、 curriculum Redefining English curriculum-英语课程的学习，既是学生通过英语课程的学习，既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动，逐步掌握英英语学习和实践活动，逐步掌握英语知识和技能，提高语言实际运用语知识和技能，提高语言实际运用能力的过程；又是他们磨砺意志，能力的过程；又是他们磨砺意志，陶冶情操、拓展视野、丰富生活经陶冶情操、拓展视野、丰富生活经历、开发思维能力、发展个性和提历、开发思维能力、发展个性和提高人文素养的过程。高人文素养的过程。(ECS,2002:1-(ECS,2002:1-2)2)EnglishsubjectmatterAll-roundperso
13、naldevelopmentLanguageknowledgeLanguageskillsLearningtoknow,tobe,todo,andtolivetogetherEnglishcurriculumteachingincludes:综合语言综合语言运用能力运用能力情感态度情感态度学习策略学习策略文化意识文化意识语言技能语言技能语言知识语言知识国国际际视视野野祖祖国国意意识识合合作作精精神神自自信信意意志志兴兴趣趣动动机机交交际际策策略略资资源源策策略略调调控控策策略略认认知知策策略略跨跨文文化化交交际际文文化化理理解解文文化化知知识识话话题题功功能能语语法法词词汇汇语语音音写写读读说
14、说听听课程目标课程目标Five curriculum goalsnBasic language knowledge-phonetics,vocabularies,grammar,functions,and topicsnBasic language skills-listening,speaking,reading and writingnEmotional attitude-motivation,interest,self-confidence,willpower,cooperation,patriotism,international viewnLearning strategies-co
15、gnitive,monitor,communicative,and resources strategiesnCultural awareness-cultural knowledge,cultural understanding,cross-cultural communicationn nOverall goal:Actual use of the language in real lifeOverall goal:Actual use of the language in real lifeRelationships among these five goalsn综合语言运用能力的形成建
16、立在学生语言知识、综合语言运用能力的形成建立在学生语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的基础上。养整体发展的基础上。n语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础;n文化意识是得体运用语言的保证；文化意识是得体运用语言的保证；n情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素;n学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的保证保证;n这五个方面共同促进综合语言运用能力的形成。这五个方面共同促进综合语言运用能力的形成。Cu
17、rriculum goals:language knowledge and language skillsnSpecific goal(s)teachers give priority to:1.Motivation and interest2.Listening,speaking,reading and writing3.Phonetics,vocabulary,grammar4.Learning strategies5.Team spirit6.Confidence and willpower7.Cultural awareness8.Patriotism 9.Functions and
18、topics10.International horizonCurriculum goals:emotional attitudenLanguage teaching is such a complicated process involving human beings rather than machines.nExtrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivationnKrashens Affective Filter Hypothesis:high confidence and self-esteem,low anxietyCurriculum goal
19、s:learning strategiesnSignificance of strategy training-Behaviorism and constructivism-What to learn and how to learn-Self-access learning and lifelong educationCurriculum goals:learning strategiesnCognitive strategies:ways and procedures that students take to accomplish a particular learning tasknM
20、onitor strategies:strategies for students to plan,implement,assess and adjust their learning processes and learning resultsnCommunicative strategies:strategies for students to initiate,sustain and end a communication,and achieve better communicative effectnResources strategies:strategies for student
21、s to make effective use of multimedia in their learning and use of English Curriculum goals:cultural awarenessnPeople in different countries have different features in terms of their ways of thinking and behaving,etc.nCross-cultural knowledge may help in communication.nHistory,geography,customs,reli
22、gions,ways of living,ways of doing things,arts and literature,value judgments,government,economy,education,mass media,etc.in English speaking countries;nEnglish idioms,allusions,legends;nWell-known figures in literature,arts,science,politics,etc.Curriculum goalsn高中英语课程的总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上，进一步明确英语
23、学习的目的，发展自主学习和合作学习的能力；形成有效的英语学习策略；培养学生的综合语言运用能力。(ECS,2003:6)Curriculum goalsn根据高中学生认知能力发展的特点和学业发展的需求，高中英语课程应强调在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上，着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力；进一步拓宽国际视野，增强爱国主义精神和民族使命感，形成健全的情感、态度、价值观，为未来发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。(ECS,2003:6)一级一级二级二级三级三级四级四级五级五级六级六级
24、七级七级八级八级九级九级6年级结束年级结束时的要求时的要求9年级结束年级结束时的要求时的要求普通高中毕普通高中毕业要求业要求九级课程目标体系九级课程目标体系Lesson objectivesnThe aim of writing objectives is to help the planner keep his teaching in focus and to preserve the unity of the lesson.Therefore,the planner should state the objectives clearly in terms of what his stude
25、nts would have learned by the end of the lesson.Do not write what a teacher intends to teach for that lesson.Lesson objectivesnA lesson planner should be realistic and keep the objectives specific.Do not use verbs like“understand”or“know”.Instead,use verbs that express behavioral outcome.For example
26、,explain,predict,describe,identify,etc.Lesson objectivesnAvoid vague,unverifiable statements like:“Students will learn the passive voice”,“Students will practice some listening exercises”,“Students will do the reading selection”,“Students will discuss the homework assignment”.Instead,make such objec
27、tives statements like:“Students will successfully request information about airplane arrivals and departures”,“Students will read and understand airline schedule”.Lesson objectivesnKeep the five curriculum goals in mind when setting the objectives of a lesson.-Language knowledge-Language skills-Cult
28、ural awareness-Learning strategies-Emotional attitudeLesson objectivesnLesson objectives should be centered around the five curriculum goals.nObjectives:what you hope students will achieve at the end of your coursenExamples of objectives settingSection ThreeCurriculum Instruction:PrinciplesCurriculu
29、m instruction:suggestionsnTeach all the students and build a foundation for the students all-round development and their life-long education.面向全体学生，为学生全面发展和终身发展奠定共同基础-all for students;for all students-no child left behind-meeting individual needs-five curriculum goals-foundation for senior high scho
30、ol students:motivation,autonomous learning,integrative use of EnglishCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnEncourage students to select optional courses and supervise them in the learning of these courses.鼓励学生学习选修课程，加强对选修课的指导。-Functions of optional courses:meeting individual needs and broadening studen
31、ts vision-Design of optional courses:in agreement with curriculum goals,learners needs(interest and proficiency level),and school resources(teachers available,money,time,school condition,etc.);school-based curricula-Supervision of class teachers and subject teachersCurriculum instruction:suggestions
32、nGive attention to students emotions and establish a carefree,democratic and harmonious learning environment.关注学生情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围-interest and motivation,self-esteem and self-motivation,self-esteem and self-confidence,confidence,introversion and extroversion,inhibition,anxiety,risk-taking,etc.-how
33、 to cultivate and maintain students interest and establish a carefree learning environment:variety,comprehensibility,harmonyCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnStress learning strategy training and develop learner autonomy for students life-long education.加强对学生学习策略的指导，帮助他们形成自主学习能力，为他们终身学习奠定基础-explici
34、t/direct/concentrated training:lectures,optional courses,theme-based class meeting,etc.-imbedded/decentralized training:cooperative learning,discussion-based,inquiry-based,research-based learning,and task-based language learning,etc.to develop cognitive,communicative,monitor,resources strategies.Cur
35、riculum instruction:suggestionsnlearning strategies focused on:1.Cognitive strategies(90%)like memorizing words,etc.2.Monitor strategies(50%)like making and implementing study plan,exchanging learning experience with others,evaluating and reflecting on learning,etc.3.Resources strategies(25%)like us
36、ing learning resources,etc.4.Communicative strategies(10%)Curriculum instruction:suggestionsnMake good use of modern educational technology and enrich curriculum resources and language use opportunities.利用现代教育技术，拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道-enrich the content of curriculum and the ways of teaching-Teacher is not
37、the slave of these facilities,but the owner of them.Curriculum instruction:suggestionsnUse of various teaching facilities-Tape recorder:96%-Pictures:58%-Models or objects:50%-Overhead projector,radio,TV,computer,video recorder,Internet,etc.less than 50%Curriculum instruction:suggestionsnEstablish th
38、e educational belief in conformity with the demands of the new curriculum and optimize teaching approaches and methods.树立符合新课程要求的教学观念，优化教育教学方式-Shift from teacher-centeredness to learner-centeredness,from receiving knowledge to inquiring knowledge,from language usage to language use,from language-foc
39、used to all-round development,etc.-Task-Based Language LearningCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnEnhance professional development and meet the requirements of the new curriculum.教师要不断提高专业化水平，与新课程同步发展。-Educational beliefs-Roles of teacher:instructor,promoter,supervisor,organizer,supporter,participan
40、t,cooperator,etc.-Ability in the development of curriculum resources so as to better accomplish the teaching objectives and tasks-Teacher and researcher:reflective teaching,cooperation and mutual support-Life-long learningCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnRenew teachers knowledge for the social req
41、uirements.不断更新知识结构，适应现代社会发展对英语课程的要求-English language knowledge：linguistics,literature,culture,etc.-English language teaching:pedagogy,psychology,ELTCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnAdvocating Task-Based Language Teaching and promoting students integrated language communicative competence.倡导“任务型”教学
42、途径，培养学生综合语言运用能力-why advocating TBLT-TBLT does not reject the use of other teaching methods-teachers knowledge of TBLTCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnWiden students cultural vision and enhance their cross-cultural communicative competence.拓宽学生文化视野，发展他们跨文化交际的意识和能力-interwovenness between language an
43、d culture-acculturation in language teachingCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnPeople in different countries have different features in terms of their ways of thinking and behaving,etc.nCross-cultural knowledge may help in communication.nHistory,geography,customs,religions,ways of living,ways of doi
44、ng things,arts and literature,value judgments,government,economy,education,mass media,etc.in English speaking countries;nEnglish idioms,allusions,legends;nWell-known figures in literature,arts,science,politics,etc.Curriculum instruction:suggestionsnOrganize active and various extracurricular activit
45、ies and promote students language learning.组织生动活泼的课外活动，促进学生的英语学习-Extracurricular activities are the effective extension and supplement to classroom learning-variety of extracurricular activitiesCurriculum instruction:suggestionsnObserving the principle of high-frequency class hours and ensuring teac
46、hing quality and effects.遵循课时安排的高频率原则，保证教学质量和效果-language learning and language acquisition:critical hypothesis,persistenceSection FourCurriculum Instruction:Interactive TeachingCurriculum instruction:teaching of listening nTeaching objectives:培养听的策略；培养语感；特别强调培养在听的过程中获取和处理信息的能力。nListening skills to b
47、e achieved:排除口音、背景音等因素的干扰；抓住关键词；听并执行指示语；听大意和主题；确定事物的发展顺序或逻辑关系；预测下文内容；理解说话人的意图和态度；评价所听内容；判断语段的深层含义。Curriculum instruction:teaching of listeningPre-listening stageWhile-listening stagePost-listening stagepurpose;interestandcuriositystimulation;topic;prediction;wordstackling;taskassignment.listenwhilep
48、erforming；listenandmakechoices,fillinblanks,domatching,drawpictures,andcompleteinformation,etc.；listenandmakenotes；trueorfalse.discussion；oralorwrittenretelling;abstract;writingonthesametopic.Curriculum instruction:teaching of speaking nTeaching objectives:提高说的准确性、得体性、流利性和连贯性，增强语感。nSpeaking skills t
49、o be achieved:引出话题；维持交谈；插话；转移话题；话题转换；引起注意；澄清意思；请求澄清；表示倾听和理解；预示和结束谈话；利用语音、语调表达意思。Curriculum instruction:teaching of speakingPre-speaking stageWhile-speaking stagePost-speaking stagepurpose;intereststimulation;topicandcontext;languagepreparation;rolesortasksassignment.descriptionofthecharactersorevent
50、s；reportoftheprocessandresult;roleplay;informationexchange;discussion;speech.reportoftheproduct;evaluation;writtenwork.Curriculum instruction:teaching of reading nTeaching objectives:培养阅读策略；培养语感；特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。nReading skills to be achieved:略读(skimming)；找读(scanning)；预测下文；理解大意；分清文章中的事实和观点；猜